基于电磁技术的油气管道应力检测方法研究

为了实现对油气管道应力的实时监测,提出了一种基于电磁技术的管道应力检测方法.在磁机械效应的J-A模型基础上,对铁磁性材料力磁耦合关系进行数学建模,推导出应力与材料磁导率的函数关系;设计管道应力检测系统,并给出了管道表面漏磁信号与材料磁导率、激励电压和线圈匝数之间的数学关系;搭建管道打压实验平台,对管壁切向应力信号与管壁...     

基于磁记忆的油气管道应力损伤检测方法研究

应力集中是油气管道损坏的关键因素,对管道安全构成重大威胁。对其进行有效检测,既可发现由应力集中引起的机械损伤亦可实现对管道早期损伤的预判。磁记忆检测技术作为一种应力检测方法得到了业界认可。从能量平衡角度出发,分别从宏观和微观的角度对应力作用下的铁磁体磁记忆信号特征进行分析,建立应力与材料磁化率及原子磁矩之间的理论关系模型。采用基于第一性原理的CASTEP软件对铁碳金属体系的磁记忆力磁耦合过程进行仿真。结果表明,铁磁体在外力作用下,体系能量将重新平衡并达到稳定状态,电子能带及态密度分布特征发生改变,导致材料磁性下降,原子磁矩及材料磁化率随应力增大呈线性减小的变化趋势。通过对含裂纹管道的磁记忆检测,验证了应力损伤磁记忆检测方法的理论分析正确性及工程应用有效性。     

等离子喷焊热残余应力磁信号仿真

金属磁记忆检测作为一种新型无损检测方式,在热残余应力检测方面有良好的应用潜质。以传热学、电磁学、热弹塑性有限元分析法及力-磁效应为理论基础,采用ANSYS分析软件建立"热-力-磁"耦合模型,利用该耦合模型得到熔覆层附近基体材料的热残余应力分布以及其相应磁信号。结果表明热残余应力与其磁信号都主要集中在温度梯度变化较大的熔覆层附近,距离熔覆层越近数值越大,并且磁信号的方向随应力性质变化。此外增大热源输入会增大磁信号的数值但并不影响其分布规律。仿真结果符合热残余应力形成机理以及力-磁效应原理。通过相同工艺参数下的试验验证,发现仿真磁信号与实测磁信号的变化规律基本相同,证明上述分析与实际情况基本吻合。研究结果为磁记忆技术在热残余应力检测的深入研究提供了借鉴意义与参考价值。     

铆接件应力集中的磁记忆检测实验研究

研究地磁场作用下铆接件在铆接前后和受拉伸载荷作用下,铆钉孔附近试件表面弱磁信号的变化以及磁记忆效应,对铆接件应力集中状态、局部塑性变形与磁信号之间关系.以及外载荷变化时磁记忆信号的变化情况进行分析,探讨金属磁记忆检测技术用铆接件检测时的规律和方法.     

地磁场中应力对磁畴组织结构影响的试验研究

金属磁记忆检测技术是一种能对铁磁构件早期损伤进行有效诊断的无损检测技术。为进一步探索研究金属磁记忆检测的机理,选用粉纹法对Q235平板试样的磁畴结构进行观察,研究地磁场中不同应力状态下该铁磁材料的磁畴结构的变化特征,并且利用高精度弱磁检测装置获取其试件表面的漏磁信号规律。试验结果表明:随外载荷的改变,被观察部位的磁畴类型、畴壁形态有显著性变化,且不同区域的磁畴转变快慢不同但变化趋势相近;同时,随外载荷的增大,试件表面漏磁信号增大。验证了地磁场中铁磁材料的磁畴结构受应力作用发生磁畴移动与转向,并且在应力撤出后这种改变得以保留的规律。为铁磁材料磁记忆检测微观机理的进一步探索研究提供可靠、有效的试验依据。     

激励磁场对力磁耦合作用的强化机制研究

力磁耦合作用是金属磁记忆检测等电磁无损检测技术的基础。为了探明外加激励磁场在不同应力水平下对力磁耦合作用的影响机制,从磁导率与应力及环境磁场变化关系的角度,在理论上计算了外加激励磁场下力磁耦合作用下与力和磁单独作用下的表面磁场强度之差ΔH,并推导出该差值随着拉应力的增大而增大的结论。用预制缺陷的45钢试样进行对照试验,发现激励磁场对力磁耦合作用的影响ΔH是随着应力的增大而呈类似指数形式递增的。经设计的正交试验验证,激励磁场与应力对磁信号的交互耦合作用显著,且在受力过程中激励磁场对信号的作用水平最大,这与理论分析结果吻合。说明外加激励磁场对力磁耦合作用起到了一定的强化作用。     

基于OLCAO算法金属塑性变形磁记忆信号特征研究

塑性变形是金属材料在应力作用下产生损伤的早期阶段,对其的有效检测可预判危害的发生,实现设备破坏前的预警。针对金属磁记忆检测技术,利用量子力学密度泛函理论建立铁磁材料力磁耦合计算模型,采用原子轨道正交化线性组合法（Orthogonalized linear combination atomic orbitals,OLCAO）计算铁磁晶体在应力作用下的磁特性变化及磁记忆信号特征。结果表明：应力作用引起晶体内部电子运动状态及其分布特征改变,导致体系能带结构和电子态密度分布发生变化,材料的磁特性发生改变,定量表现为原子磁矩随应力的增加而变化。拉应力导致原子磁矩线性减小,压应力导致原子磁矩线性增大。当金属发生塑性变形时,体系的磁矩均发生突变,应力磁矩关系曲线出现拐点,变化速度变慢,表现为磁记忆信号的特殊变化特征。通过铁磁材料的拉伸及压缩试验,验证了理论计算结果的正确性。     

面向再制造的510L钢疲劳裂纹扩展磁记忆检测

为探索磁记忆信号在铁磁性材料裂纹扩展过程中的变化规律,以510L钢为研究对象,采集裂纹扩展过程不同区域的磁记忆信号,计算裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,分析疲劳断口形貌,探讨金属磁记忆方法对铁磁材料疲劳损伤与裂纹扩展检测的可行性,并建立裂纹尖端磁记忆信号梯度Kmax值和应力强度因子KI之间的关系。结果表明:M(T)试样宏观切口处的磁记忆信号特征量比裂纹尖端应力集中处的磁记忆信号特征量明显;梯度Kmax值和应力强度因子KI在疲劳循环累积下均呈指数形式增加,从断裂力学角度说明Kmax反映疲劳累积损伤的可行性;磁记忆信号特征量ΔHp(y)及Kmax可以反映经过不同服役期的510L钢损伤情况,为再制造修复和加工提供依据。     

压力对管道缺陷磁记忆信号的影响分析

为了分析利用磁记忆检测技术进行管道在线内检测的可行性,需要分析压力对管道缺陷磁记忆信号的影响。在J-A力磁耦合模型基础上得出相对磁导率与应力的数值关系,在Ansys软件中导入相对磁导率与应力的关系进行力学与静磁学联合仿真。研究结果表明:缺陷磁记忆信号有两个特点——径向磁场产生最小值到最大值的突变,轴向磁场出现最大值。在压力作用下管道内部背景磁场减小,缺陷磁记忆信号随着压力增大先减小后保持不变,可以利用磁记忆检测技术进行管道在线内检测。     

基于强化磁记忆的铁磁构件应力检测方法研究

磁记忆检测方法可快速检测铁磁构件应力集中区域,对其早期损伤进行及时诊断。针对磁记忆信号为地磁场激励条件下的弱磁信号,容易受周围环境噪声干扰的问题,提出采用加强外磁场激励来强化有用磁记忆信号,抑制干扰因素的不利影响。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效突出磁信号,提高检测系统的灵敏度,为磁记忆检测技术的工程推广应用奠定了一定基础。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.