X射线衍射测定经各种处理后粉煤灰物相组成的研究

将粉煤灰分别经如下条件处理:115℃烘干、700℃焙烧、700℃焙烧加硫酸(1+3)活化处理、700℃焙烧加入一定量碳酸钠(2+1)、700℃焙烧加入一定量碳酸钠(2+1)后经1000℃煅烧再加入硫酸(1+3)。将经处理后的粉煤灰进行X射线衍射(XRD)分析,分析其物相组成,了解经不同条件处理后粉煤灰的组成变化,从而防止粉煤灰资源的浪费,减少粉煤灰对环境的污染。     

粉煤灰生物填料在污水接触氧化处理中的应用研究

本文讨论了改性粉煤灰加气混凝土作为接触氧化生物填料在污水处理中的应用。叙述了该填料的吸附和接触氧化机理；研究了该填料的用量、曝气时间及曝气方式对污染物去除的影响；并与聚乙烯填料和粉状粉煤灰进行了比较；分析了改性粉煤灰加气混凝土填料在污水中曝气前后晶体结构的变化情况。     

粉煤灰增强树脂基复合材料力学性能和摩擦学性能的研究

采用热压成型的方法制备了掺粉煤灰的树脂基复合材料,并对该复合材料的力学性能、断面显微结构及摩擦学性能进行研究.结果表明:掺入粉煤灰后,树脂基复合材料的各项力学性能均变好,其摩擦学性能符合GB5764-98的要求,并随粉煤灰掺量的增加,摩擦因数稳定性增加,磨损率减小,热稳定性增加.扫描电镜分析表明:掺粉煤灰改性后的树脂基复合材料内部孔隙率减少,密实度增加;粉煤灰能促进摩擦表面摩擦膜的产生,从而有效地改善了复合材料的摩擦学性能.     

用硬脂酸同时施加超声处理对层状硅酸钠进行改性

选用硬脂酸作为改性剂同时施加超声处理对层状硅酸钠进行改性,利用均匀设计试验方法,通过沉降试验和分散性试验研究了改性温度、改性时间以及改性荆与层状硅酸钠质量比对改性效果的影响,采用光学显微镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射仪和激光粒度分析仪对改性层状硅酸钠进行了表征.结果表明:最佳的改性条件为改性温度80℃,硬脂酸与层状硅酸钠的质量比为0.8,改性时间30 min;改性层状硅酸钠在500SN基础油中具有良好的分散稳定性,团聚现象明显减少,粒径减小;硬脂酸在层状硅酸钠表面既发生了化学吸附,又发生了物理吸附;改性后层状硅酸钠的物相组成并没发生变化.     

膨胀石墨改性对甲醛吸附性能的影响

以天然鳞片石墨为原料,采用改进的二次氧化法制备膨胀石墨,并用氨水对其进行表面改性;研究了改性后的膨胀石墨对甲醛的吸附性能以及膨胀比、浸渍时间和浸渍量对吸附性能的影响.结果表明:采用氨水改性可提高膨胀石墨对甲醛的吸附能力;当膨胀比为350 mL·g-1,浸渍时间为6 h,浸渍量为20 mL/100 mg时,吸附效果最佳.     

用含氢硅油机械化学法改性SiO2粉体

以含氢硅油为改性剂,用机械化学法对SiO2粉体进行表面改性,通过测定接触角和TG、IR、TEM等手段表征改性效果,讨论了改性剂用量、改性时间、磨机转速、球料比等因素对改性效果的影响.结果表明:机械化学法可以将含氢硅油负载到SiO2表面,负载机制包括化学吸附和物理吸附;改性剂用量50%、改性时间3 h、磨机转速300 r·min-1、球料比20条件下改性后SiO2的时接触角可达150.58°,改性后的SiO2粉体颗粒呈现较好的分散性.     

表面改性对滑动轴承弹流润滑的影响

考虑滑移边界条件,建立了极限剪应力模型和线接触弹流润滑模型,推导了润滑剂界面滑移速度,并修正了流体润滑Reynolds方程,针对界面改性后滑动轴承的润滑状态进行了探究。首先,分析了对轴瓦和轴颈界面均进行改性处理后,轴承润滑状态在整个弹流润滑接触区的变化;其次,分别研究了仅对轴瓦或者轴颈做改性处理的影响;最后,探究了界面改性对轴承摩擦因数的影响,并讨论了摩擦因数随载荷、速度的变化。结果表明,在弹流润滑的条件下,同时对轴瓦和轴颈进行表面改性处理时,油膜会在入口区形成凹陷,在出口区形成坍塌;仅对轴颈界面进行改性处理时,油膜会在整个接触区形成凹陷,对应的压力也会随之增加;相反,仅对轴瓦界面进行改性处理时,油膜厚度减小,压力降低;表面改性处理后,摩擦因数降低,并随载荷、速度的增大而减小。     

不同方法表面改性碳纤维增强热塑性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用硝酸氧化改性和涂层复合改性法分别对碳纤维(CF)进行了表面处理,并制备了CF增强热塑性聚酰亚胺(TPI)复合材料;对CF的表面形貌进行了观察,研究了表面改性方法对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨损表面形貌。结果表明:硝酸氧化改性增大了CF的表面粗糙度,随处理时间的延长粗糙度增大;经涂层复合改性后,CF表面包覆了一层聚酰亚胺(PI),保护了CF并提高了其与基体界面的结合强度;经表面改性后的CF增强TPI复合材料的摩擦磨损性能均得到提高,以涂层复合改性的效果最好;硝酸氧化改性后的CF在摩擦过程中易断裂,复合材料的磨损形貌以磨粒磨损为主,而涂层复合改性后的CF断裂得到抑制,与基体结合更为牢固,磨损表面较为平整。     

LY12CZ铝合金的双重处理表面摩擦学改性研究

本采用双重处理表面改性技术对LY12CZ铝合金进行了摩擦学表面改性处理,即首先对LY12CZ铝合金进行硫酸的阳极氧化处理,然后在其表面再沉积一层润滑薄膜,实验结果表明,双重处理可有效地降低铝合金在真空环境中的摩擦并用明显提高耐磨寿命,特别是采用低摩擦系数的MoS2-Au基复合薄膜,可在较高载荷下达到较长的耐磨寿命,对双重处理铝合金的摩擦失效机理也作了初步探讨。     

防生物污损生物肽改性金属材料的研究现状

在讨论生物对材料污损机理的基础上,分析了通过表面改性降低材料表面能的方法及表面能对生物吸附、脱附的影响。综述了利用生物肽改性金属材料的研究现状,重点介绍了利用生物肽对不锈钢进行改性,及改性对其电子逸出功、硬度、表面能等的影响,为利用改性金属材料低表面能的特性实现防生物污损的研究提供参考。     

改善大掺量粉煤灰水泥石抗碳化性能的试验

采取高温养护、粉煤灰磨细和水泥石内部补足碱3种方法,对大掺量粉煤灰水泥石的抗碳化性能进行改善,利用碳酸盐定量分析法对改善后水泥石的抗碳化性能进行测试,结果表明：高温养护和粉煤灰的磨细对大掺量粉煤灰水泥石的抗碳化性能有较好的改善效果;补足碱对大掺量粉煤灰水泥石抗碳化性能的改善作用不大。     

Study on the Preparation and Tribological Properties of Fly Ash as Lubricant Additive for Steel/Steel Pair

Fly ash, generated during the combustion of coal for energy production, has been regarded as an environmental pollutant if not properly disposed of. Many aggressive efforts have been evaluated to recycle the fly ash. In this paper, a new approach was developed to prepare lubricant additive based on fly ash and the tribological properties were investigated in detail. The results show that fly ash modified with oleic acid not only performs favorable dispersive ability, but also significantly improves the friction-reducing and anti-wear abilities for steel/steel contact. Based on the characterization of the wear scars by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the excellent tribological properties are attributed to the synergies of fly ash and oleic acid because fly ash can act as spacer and bearing and deposit on the worn surfaces to significantly improve the friction-reducing and anti-wear abilities, and the introduction of strong polar groups can make fly ash easily form a stable and successive tribofilm on the rubbing surfaces throughout the sliding process.     

Application of scanning electron microscopy for pollution particle source determination in residential dust and soil

Many tons of electric furnace flue dust accumulated in an industrial area in Tifton, Georgia. Vehicles transporting the flue dust, classified as K061 hazardous waste because it contained lead and cadmium, initially dumped the material in a warehouse. Once the warehouse was full, the flue dust was dumped in uncovered piles. Run-off from the piles and wind-driven particles had the opportunity to contaminate nearby industries, residential buildings, and neighborhood soils over a period of many years. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) was used to compare the morphology and chemical composition of fly ash dust from the suspect pile with samples collected from the surrounding buildings and soil. Adhesive samplers were used to collect dust that had accumulated in buildings surrounding the fly ash dump site. Suspect dust particles were analyzed by SEM-EDS and compared with known dust particles from the fly ash pile. Soil samples were dried, sieved, and the “fines” analyzed by SEM-EDS for comparison with samples from the fly ash pile. Fly ash particles similar in morphology and chemical composition to the fly ash in the suspect pile were identified in most of the buildings sampled surrounding the fly ash dump site and in all of the soil samples analyzed surrounding the dumpsite. This case study illustrates the usefulness of applying morphology and chemistry information acquired by SEM-EDS for pollution particle source determination.     

一种废弃物回转窑焚烧炉的创新设计

阐述了一种用于处理废弃物的回转窑焚烧炉的创新设计，该设计摒弃了传统回转窑焚烧炉采用的端头进风方式，实现了在回转窑窑体上的分段进风，可以降低回转窑焚烧炉的过量空气系数和烟气产量，提高回转窑焚烧炉的燃烧性能。该设计还可以有效地防止灰渣堵塞进风孔道，且垃圾在回转窑内不会发生熔渣现象，是一种适用于处理危险废弃物的焚烧炉，现已进入工程实施阶段。     

Influence of graphite and machining parameters on the surface roughness of Al-fly ash/graphite hybrid composite: a Taguchi approach

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the surface roughness of pure commercial Al, Al-15 wt% fly ash, and Al-15 wt% fly ash/1.5 wt% graphite (Gr) composites produced by modified two-step stir casting. The effect of reinforcements and machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on surface roughness, which greatly influence the performance of the machined product, were analyzed during turning operation. The optimum machining parameters were found in minimizing the surface roughness of the materials by using the Taguchi and ANOVA approach. Results show that the presence of the fly ash particles reduces the surface roughness of composites compared with pure Al. The inclusion of 1.5 wt% Gr in the Al-fly ash composite reduces the surface roughness considerably. A scanning electron microscopy investigation was carried out on the machined surfaces of the tested materials. Confirmation tests were performed to validate the regression models.     

Treatment of anionic emulsion systems using chitosan,polyacrylamide, and aluminum sulfate

The presence of emulsified oil in waste water of the edible fats industry can interfere with many tertiary or advanced waste water treatments such as adsorption, filtration, and various membrane techniques, and can cause severe problems in the step of biological treatment. The objective of the present work was to compare the performance of three destabilizers: chitosan, polyacrylamide, and aluminum sulfate to flocculate an O/W emulsion formulated with different emulsifiers (sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate). Experiments were performed on a model system constituted by sunflower oil/ water emulsions. Methods used were turbidimetry, colloidal titration, and microscopic observation. Results showed that the increase of surfactant chain length increases the destabilizer dose necessary to produce desta-bilization and reaching zero charge. In chitosan and polyacrylamide treatments, redispersion was observed for both sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tetradecyl sulfate emulsions. In the case of treatment with aluminum sulfate, turbidity values remained nearly constant, showing that redispersion does not take place in this case.     

粉煤灰和氧化钙烧结过程的热力学分析

粉煤灰是煤在锅炉中燃烧时产生的一种细颗粒物质。粉煤灰中含Al2O315%~35%,含SiO250%左右。随着Al2O3工业的迅猛发展,铝土矿资源日渐耗尽,如果把粉煤灰作为一种生产Al2O3的后备资源,不仅利于Al2O3工业的持续发展,而且对提高粉煤灰的综合利用价值具有重要意义。本文通过分析粉煤灰与CaO烧结过程的热力学数据,得到最佳反应温度,为从粉煤灰中提取Al2O3奠定了理论基础。     

粉煤灰超细磨的开发与应用

资源综合利用是我国经济建设中的一项重大技术经济政策,粉煤灰是可利用资源,国家积极支持和鼓励粉煤灰的综合利用,先后制定了一系列的政策和标准。在目前国家环保要求不断提高,灰场占地日益紧张的客观条件下,对分选后粗灰进行磨细,使其达到符合国家标准的Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级灰,提高其附加值,从而实现粉煤灰零排放的已成为势在必行的趋势。论述了磨细后粉煤灰的利用价值及粉煤灰超细磨系统的设计。     

基于飞灰比电阻检测的烟尘治理管理手段

介绍了某电厂通过飞灰比电阻检测手段加强烟尘治理的经验,提供了国内十多种典型煤种燃烧后的飞灰比电阻检测数据。提出了避免采购高飞灰比电阻煤炭、高飞灰比电阻煤与低飞灰比电阻煤掺烧、利用飞灰比电阻检测手段综合诊断除尘设备缺陷等烟尘治理的精细化管理手段。