基于磨削声与电流的砂带磨损状态识别

为实时监测砂带磨损状态,采用基于磨削声信号与电流信号的监测方案。首先,利用时域分析方法与小波包分析方法提取砂带磨损信号特征,通过朴素贝叶斯方法融合两种信号,从而识别砂带磨损状态;其次,为提高砂带磨损状态识别准确率,针对朴素贝叶斯方法的分类特性,改进了一种基于Fisher判别率与互信息的信号特征选择方法。实验结果表明,利用基于Fisher判别率与互信息方法能够挑选出可分性好同时特征间相关性弱的信号特征,基于朴素贝叶斯的砂带磨损状态识别方法能够准确地识别砂带磨损状态。     

基于振动和声发射信号的截齿磨损程度识别研究

为实现采煤机截齿截割过程中磨损程度的在线监测和识别,提出一种基于RBF(Radical Basis Function)神经网络的截齿磨损程度多特征信号监测方法。提取截割过程中不同磨损程度截齿的振动和声发射特征信号,分别分析振动和声发射信号的峰值、时域图方差和频域图均方根值这6个特征参数,获取振动信号、声发射信号与不同磨损程度截齿的变化规律。建立5种不同磨损程度截齿的多特征信号样本数据库,采用多特征信号样本对RBF神经网络进行学习和训练,建立截齿磨损程度的识别模型,实现截齿磨损程度在线监测与精确识别。实验结果表明:随着截齿磨损程度的加剧,截齿振动和声发射时域信号中信号峰值和方差均呈增大的趋势;振动和声发射的频域信号中频谱图均方根也呈现逐渐增大的趋势;基于RBF神经网络的截齿磨损程度监测系统的网络判别结果和测试样本的实际磨损程度类别相符,该RBF神经网络系统能够对截齿磨损程度类型进行准确的监测和识别。     

BP神经网络在截齿合金头失效识别中的应用

为实现采煤机截割过程中截齿合金头失效形式的监测和识别,提出一种基于BP神经网络的多特征信号识别截齿合金头失效形式的方法。测试提取截割过程中合金头龟裂、合金头脱落、合金头崩刃和合金头严重磨损4种截齿x,y,z三个方向上的振动特征信号和截割电机电流特征信号,选取特征值信号的最大值、均值和方差作为特征样本对BP神经网络进行学习和训练,建立截齿合金头失效形式的识别模型,实现截割过程中截齿合金头失效形式在线监测与准确识别。实验结果表明,BP神经网络的判别结果和测试样本的实际失效类型相符,能够对截齿合金头失效形式进行准确识别,为实现采煤机截齿在线监测和失效形式识别提供新的方法和手段。     

基于多源同步信号与深度学习的刀具磨损在线识别方法

为提高刀具状态监测系统的实用性、避免实际加工过程中工序变换产生的信号干扰,提出一种基于多源同步信号与深度学习的刀具磨损在线识别方法。该方法利用自动触发的方式实现了机床运行在特定工序时的刀具振动、主轴功率、数控系统参数等多源信号的同步在线采集,保证信号同步性的同时有效避免了因工序变换而产生的信号波动干扰;进一步利用高频振动特征实现了 “切削过程”与“切削间隙”采集样本的准确划分,并基于皮尔逊积矩相关系数筛选出强关联特征,保证了多源监测信号融合样本的可用性;最后基于一维卷积神经网络建立了刀具磨损在线识别模型。实验结果表明,该方法无论从识别精度还是诊断效率,均能实现实际加工过程中刀具磨损状态的在线识别。     

基于BP神经网络的截齿磨损程度在线监测

为实现截齿截割过程中磨损程度的实时精准在线监测,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的截齿磨损程度多特征信号融合的检测方法。通过提取截割过程中不同磨损程度截齿的三向振动信号、红外温度信号和电流信号,建立了不同磨损程度截齿的多特征信号样本数据库,采用多特征信号样本对BP神经网络进行学习和训练,建立截齿磨损程度的识别模型,实现截齿磨损程度在线监测与精确识别。实验结果表明:基于BP神经网络的截齿磨损程度监测系统,网络判别结果和测试样本的实际磨损程度类别相符,该BP神经网络系统能够对截齿磨损程度类型进行准确的监测和识别。     

基于混沌时序分析方法与支持向量机的刀具磨损状态识别

为了表征、获取与识别刀具的磨损状态,提出一种基于混沌时序分析方法与支持向量机的刀具磨损状态识别方法。该方法利用混沌时序分析方法重构了刀具声发射信号的相空间,并提取了嵌入维数与Lyapunov系数建立了特征空间。使用支持向量机作为分类器,实现了刀具磨损状态的识别。实验证明,在小样本学习情况下,基于混沌时序分析方法与支持向量机的刀具磨损状态识别方法具有良好的学习能力,获得了较高的识别准确率。     

基于铁谱分析的颗粒分类识别方法与应用

铁谱颗粒分析是机器磨损状态监测与维修决策制定最有效的油液分析方法。通过近年来开展工业企业机器油液监测积累的大量铁谱磨粒图像,进行基于不同的颗粒特征的分类识别探究,并基于不同颗粒形成机制与原因提出切合工业现场的润滑管理维保策略。应用实践表明,铁谱分析方法在机器磨损状态监测、润滑磨损诊断机制判别以及企业润滑管理提升活动中仍发挥着积极作用。     

基于BP神经网络的超声振动钻削钻头磨损状态监测试验研究

搭建了超声轴向振动钻削钻头磨损状态的钻削力和声发射信号采集系统,采集不同磨损状态下钻中区域的钻削力和声发射信号进行小波分解,得到与钻头磨损状态相关的特征量作为识别钻头磨损状态的特征参数,输入到建立的6-13-3的三层BP神经网络模型中进行融合,识别钻头磨损状态。试验结果表明,通过BP神经网络技术将钻削力和声发射信号融合识别钻头磨损的准确率约88.9%,能够有效监测钻头磨损状态。     

频带能量特征法在声发射刀具磨损监测系统中的应用

基于对声发射(AE)信号特点的分析和小波包分解理论对不平稳信号特征提取的优势,提出一种利用AE信号的能量变化来监测刀具磨损状态的方法。该方法利用db8小波基对AE信号进行5层小波包分解,将分解后各频带上的能量值作为特征参数,并组成特征向量。分别提取在新刀和刀具磨损状态下的特征向量,根据其变化即可判别刀具磨损的程度。试验结果验证了该方法在刀具磨损判析中的可用性。     

深度学习与多信号融合在铣刀磨损状态识别中的研究

为精确地识别刀具磨损状态,提出了一种深度学习与多信号融合相结合的识别方法.以自编码网络为基础,构建了堆叠稀疏自编码网络.采集铣刀不同磨损状态下的力信号、振动信号及声发射信号,并对上述信号进行小波包分解以便获取能够表征铣刀磨损的时频域特征.利用无监督学习和有监督学习对堆叠稀疏自编码网络进行训练,建立了深度学习的铣刀磨损状态识别模型.研究结果表明,多信号融合的深度学习模型对铣刀磨损状态识别准确率达到94.44％.     

基于切削声信号与优化SVM的刀具磨损状态监测

提出了一种利用切削声实现刀具磨损状态多特征监测的方法。根据经验模态分解与Hilbert变换理论,提取切削声信号的内禀模态能量与不同频段的Hilbert谱能量作为监测信号的备选特征。采用支持向量机作为分类器,针对备选特征的有效筛选问题,利用多种群遗传算法对分类器的输入特征进行了优化,剔除备选特征中的干扰特征,利用多种群遗传算法对分类器的模型参数进行了优化。利用优化后的分类器对测试样本进行分类,并与优化前的分类结果进行了对比。结果表明,优化后分类器的分类性能得到了明显提升,该方法可以对刀具磨损状态进行有效识别。     

An oil monitoring method of wear evaluation for engine hot tests

Abnormal wear of a piston ring-cylinder liner pair may happen after 9 min hot tests of internal combustion engines, while the engine performance parameters were within predetermined threshold ranges. Few differences were observed among oil samples from the engines with or without abnormal wear in the spectrometric and Kittiwake Analex PQ analysis. Therefore, a manual confirmation by disassembling the oil pan was often required. In this work, an oil monitoring method for wear evaluation of the engines was proposed. The oil samples were rapidly analyzed on site by on-line visual ferrograph (OLVF). For the abnormal engines, it was found that the index of particle coverage area (IPCA), characterizing the wear debris concentration, was low. Moreover, large debris was rarely observed on OLVF ferrograms, which was consistent with the results obtained from analytical ferrography, and the reason was analyzed and discussed. In addition, an on-site abnormal wear evaluation procedure for the 9 min hot tests was proposed based on a trained Naive Bayes Classifier. As observed from the results of 27 engines, 4 abnormal engines were found. Among one of them, longitudinal scratches were found on the cylinder wall, which were evaluated as abnormal wear by the classifier. This method can cut down the quantity of disassembly inspection and is more efficient.     

A roller bearing fault diagnosis method based on the improved ITD and RRVPMCD

Targeting that the measured vibration signal of roller bearing contains the characteristics of non-stationary and nonlinear, and the extraction features may contain smaller correlation and redundancy characteristics in the roller bearing fault diagnosis, the vibration signal processing method based upon improved ITD (intrinsic time-scale decomposition) and feature selection method based on Wrapper mode are put forward. In addition, in the design of the classifier, targeting the limitation of existing pattern recognition method, a new pattern recognition method-variable predictive model based class discriminate (VPMCD) is introduced into roller bearing fault identification. However, the parameters are fitted by using least squares in VPMCD method, while least squares regression is sensitive to “abnormal value”. Therefore, a robust regression-variable predictive mode-based class discriminate (RRVPMCD) method is proposed in this paper, robust regression is adopted to estimate parameters and the effect of “abnormal value” in the estimation of parameters would be reduced by giving each feature a weight. Firstly, improved ITD method and feature selection method based on Wrapper mode are combined to extract the fault features of roller bearing vibration signals, and feature vector matrixes are established, then a predictive model is built through the method of RRVPMCD, finally, the established predictive model is used for pattern recognition. Experimental results show that the model based on the improved ITD, the Wrapper feature selection and RRVPMCD method can effectively identify work status and fault type of roller bearing.     

发动机异常检测多目标优化方法

针对柴油发动机异常检测中的特征选择和分类器参数与检测精度之间的耦合关系,提出了一种基于非支配排序粒子群优化的柴油发动机异常检测封装式多目标同步优化方法.利用双树复小波包的分解与重构,对发动机振动信号进行时域、频域和时频域多角度特征提取,构建了较完备的特征参数集,分析了故障诊断中特征选择与分类器参数优化对检测精度的影响,运用非支配排序粒子群优化算法对多个优化目标进行协调和折衷处理,同时追求特征参数子集维数最小化和分类正确率最大化.实验数据分析表明,该方法能够寻找出最优的特征子集和分类器参数,提高柴油发动机异常检测的精度和效率.     

融合颜色与形状信息的铁谱磨粒链分割方法研究

为了对铁谱图像中的磨粒链进行有效分割,提高磨粒特征提取的精度,通过分析铁谱磨粒链图像不同区域的特点,提出一种融合铁谱图像颜色、形状特征信息的磨粒链分割方法。该方法首先基于形态学运算对磨粒链分割方法,对异常大磨粒进行提取并断开磨粒链黏连部分,然后利用标记分水岭与灰色聚类的方法对磨粒链进行分割,最后考虑到不同磨粒链颜色信息存在差异,结合自适应阈值法对灰色聚类进行改进,从而实现磨粒链的自适应分割。结果表明,相较于传统分割方法,提出的方法能有效避免过分割与欠分割,分割效果较好,适用性高,操作简单。     

Feature extraction method of abrasive belt wear state for rail grinding

Abstract

Abrasive belt has the advantages of high removal efficiency and high waste collection; furthermore, it does not easily damage the rail when applied in rail grinding. However, the poor wear consistency and short service life restrict its development in this field. It is important to explore the theory and technology of monitoring the abrasive belt wear condition to evaluate the means of improving the grinding performance of the belt. This article discusses the contact stress state between the belt and the rail surface. In addition, the study establishes the belt rail grinding force model during operation using the abrasive grain distribution function. The analysis of the force model proposes that the belt abrasion condition be monitored by using the force ratio parameter of the abrasive belt in the grinding process. The extraction method of the force ratio information is proposed in accordance with the grinding environment. The results of experiments successfully verified the validity of the method.     

AZ91镁合金超涂层砂带磨削特性试验研究

分析了AZ91镁合金砂带磨削过程中砂带的磨损特征,找到了产生较低材料切除率的原因,通过砂带磨削AZ91镁合金的试验研究提出了提高材料切除率的方法,该研究对生产实践具有理论指导意义。     

基于时序分析与模糊聚类的铣削刀具磨损状态识别

对XKA714数控铣床采集的刀具运行状态振动信号进行计算、检验、分析样本自相关函数和样本偏相关函数的截尾性、拖尾性和周期性以及模型参数估计等时间序列相关分析,可判断动态数据序列适于AR(p)(autoregression)模型.以阶数p取12的模型参数作为特征向量提取,并采用模糊聚类分析方法确定刀具运行状态特征向量样本的亲疏关系,实现对铣削刀具的初期磨损阶段、正常磨损阶段和剧烈磨损阶段运行状态的识别.研究结果表明,基于时间序列分析与模糊聚类分析相结合的识别方法可以用于刀具磨损运行状态识别.     

Applying the self-organization feature map (SOM) algorithm to AE-based tool wear monitoring in micro-cutting

This study applies a self-organization feature map (SOM) neural network to acoustic emission (AE) signal-based tool wear monitoring for a micro-milling process. An experiment was set up to collect the signal during cutting for the system development and performance analysis. The AE signal generated on the workpiece was first transformed to the frequency domain by Fast Fourier transformation (FFT), followed by feature extraction processing using the SOM algorithm. The performance verification in this study adopts a learning vector quantification (LVQ) network to evaluate the effects of the SOM algorithm on the classification performance for tool wear monitoring. To investigate the improvement achieved by the SOM algorithms, this study also investigates cases applying only the LVQ classifier and based on the class mean scatter feature selection (CMSFS) criterion and LVQ. Results show that accurate classification of the tool wear can be obtained by properly selecting features closely related to the tool wear based on the CMSFS and frequency resolution of spectral features. However, the SOM algorithms provide a more reliable methodology of reducing the effect on the system performance contributed by noise or variations in the cutting system.     

基于Faster R-CNN的齿轮箱铁谱磨粒识别

在利用铁谱技术对齿轮箱磨损状态进行评估时,存在磨粒特征提取困难且磨粒识别的数量有限的问题,基于铁谱磨粒图像特性,提出基于Faster R-CNN算法的铁谱磨粒识别。该算法采用ResNet-34网络完成铁谱磨粒特征自动提取,并采用RPN网络实现对图像中多个磨粒的识别。通过实验对Batch_Size和学习率超参数进行优化,使用超参数优化后的Faster R-CNN算法进行实验。结果表明:该方法克服了磨粒交叉引起的识别难点,能识别一副图像中的多个磨粒,能统计各类磨粒数量,且准确率较高;在磨粒背景颜色不同、存在噪声干扰等情况下,该方法仍能够准确判断磨粒类型,具有较好的稳定性。