级联分段线性随机共振的微弱信号检测

针对强背景噪声下微弱信号检测困难的问题,提出了一种级联分段线性随机共振的微弱信号增强检测方法。该方法采用分段线性随机共振模型,避免了经典双稳系统对强噪声下弱信号提取时存在的饱和现象,同时,选用的分段线性系统的级联方式可使高频噪声被有效滤掉,低频信号能量不断增强。仿真信号和滚动轴承故障信号的检测结果表明,该方法可以适应更低信噪比信号的检测,参数调节方便,检测结果优于级联双稳系统,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

Study on non-linear filter characteristic and engineering application of cascaded bistable stochastic resonance system

This paper addresses the problem of cascaded bistable stochastic resonance system (CBSRS) with large parameters, and reveals its non-linear low-pass filter characteristic. The study results show that weak characteristic frequency component located in low-frequency area can be extracted gradually from strong noise background owing to the energy transfer mechanism from high-frequency area to low-frequency area, as a result, a novel low-pass filter can be achieved ultimately. Compared with conventional digital filter, low-pass filter based-on CBSRS has the advantage of extracting some certain weak low-frequency characteristic components while implementing low-pass filter. Simulated experiments and mechanical fault diagnosis examples are presented in order to demonstrate that CBSRS is a powerful tool for signal processing.     

频率调制随机共振的数值分析

对随机共振技术运用于强噪声背景下的弱信号检测进行了研究,提出了用频率调制的方法,实现了在大参数情况下从强噪声中检测微弱周期信号.数值计算结果表明,该方法可形成低频信号,该低频信号通过双稳系统易产生随机共振,能使微弱的故障信号特征突出、明显,易于捕捉.     

基于多稳态随机共振的轴承微弱故障信号检测

针对双稳态随机共振模型无法有效处理调制信号的缺点,提出了一种以包络信号为输入信号的自适应多稳态级联随机共振(adaptive multi-stable cascaded stochastic resonance,简称AMCSR)信号强化方法。首先,对振动信号进行包络解调,依据包络信号分布特点,选用与信号分布相匹配的多稳态随机共振模型;然后,以故障特征频率的频谱幅值为指标,采用蚁群算法自适应地优化随机共振模型参数;最后,以噪声为强化源和驱动信号,通过级联随机共振方法对包络信号中的故障特征频率进行逐级强化,获得故障特征成分的强化信号。对实测轴承振动信号的验证结果表明,该方法能够增强故障特征频率成分,有效地提取被其他频率成分淹没的微弱故障信号。     

基于随机共振原理的大频率微弱信号检测方法研究

针对直接利用随机共振原理不能有效地检测出大频率微弱信号的问题,提出了利用混频器的频谱搬移特性,将待测的大频率信号和信号发生器产生的信号混频,从而使大频率信号转化为小频率信号,然后再加入非线性双稳态系统,对此方法进行了理论上的研究并设计出了混频随机共振电路系统。研究结果表明,基于此方法设计的电路能有效地检测出大频率微弱信号。     

Engineering signal processing based on adaptive step-changed stochastic resonance

Weak signal detection which is under the condition of adiabatic elimination in large parameters can be solved by step-changed stochastic resonance (SCSR) presented by our group. Adaptive SCSR based on approximate entropy (ApEn) is also proposed in this paper, and it can get the best result of SCSR adaptively. Our analysis shows that the ApEn value of periodic signal is related to its frequency and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but not to the change of its amplitude and phase. So a periodic signal with definite SNR whose frequency is to be detected can be made under the same sampling condition as the raw data, and its ApEn is calculated as a standard reference. By adjusting the structural parameters and calculation step automatically, a series output of the bistable system can be got, and an ApEn distance matrix can be constructed. After getting the minimum value of the matrix, the best parameters of the non-linear system and calculation step can be obtained. Two examples of detecting weak signal mixed with heavy noise are presented in the end to illustrate that SCSR and its adaptive solution are effective for signal processing.     

基于Duffing振子检测频率未知微弱信号的新方法

针对现有混沌振子难以检测频率未知微弱信号这一难点,提出利用Duffing振子输出值的方差峰值结合遗传算法检测淹没在强噪声背景中频率未知微弱信号的一种新方法。从分析混沌系统结构参数的阈值入手,讨论了周期策动力的频率、初始相位和噪声对系统运行状态的影响;研究系统输出值方差与系统状态的对应关系,探讨待测信号频率以及与周期策动力之间相位差对状态变量方差和状态转换时间的影响。由此,提出采用具有相位偏移的Duffing振子阵列覆盖全相位,并结合遗传算法,优化求解不同频率输入信号下系统输出值方差的极值,以此得到待测信号频率的方法。该方法解决了现有混沌振子类检测方法必须已知信号频率的限制。实验结果证明了本方法能准确、快速地检测待测信号频率。新方法的状态判定简便、检测精度高、更为灵活、适应性强,为微弱信号的检测提供了新的手段。     

A new adaptive cascaded stochastic resonance method for impact features extraction in gear fault diagnosis

Gearboxes are widely used in engineering machinery, but tough operation environments often make them subject to failure. And the emergence of periodic impact components is generally associated with gear failure in vibration analysis. However, effective extraction of weak impact features submerged in strong noise has remained a major challenge. Therefore, the paper presents a new adaptive cascaded stochastic resonance (SR) method for impact features extraction in gear fault diagnosis. Through the multi-filtered procession of cascaded SR, the weak impact features can be further enhanced to be more evident in the time domain. By analyzing the characteristics of non-dimensional index for impact signal detection, new measurement indexes are constructed, and can further promote the extraction capability of SR for impact features by combining the data segmentation algorithm via sliding window. Simulation and application have confirmed the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in gear fault diagnosis.     

基于Duffing方程的齿轮故障检测方法研究

提出一种基于修正Duffing方程间歇混沌理论的弱信号检测新方法.在该检测方法中,当输入信号频率与系统激励频率之间存在微小偏差时系统输出为间歇混沌信号,且其频率偏差可由输出混沌信号的统计特性进行估计.数值仿真结果表明这种方法可以准确检测出信噪比很低的微弱正弦信号.最后,利用实验平台采集齿轮振动声信号数据,分别采用频谱分析法和混沌弱信号检测法对实验数据进行检测,结果表明混沌弱信号检测法具有更高的检测精度和更强的抗干扰能力.     

二进离散小波能量谱及其对微弱信号的检测

提出了二进离散小波的能量谱的分析方法 ,给出了实用的计算公式 ,论述了其可行性。导出了二进离散小波的能量频谱与离散信号频谱之间的关系。应用该分析方法有效地检测出了时域微弱奇异信号和频域微弱特征信号。能量时谱使二进离散小波分析得到的时域奇异信号更加突出 ,能量频谱发现了 Fourier分析不能得到的某些能量集中的特征信号。实例验证了该分析方法的优良特性 ,为设备运行状态检测和故障预报提供了一种新的手段。     

基于幂函数型双稳随机共振的故障信号检测方法

在实际的故障诊断中,有用信号经常淹没在噪声中,特征信息提取非常困难。为了提取强噪声背景中的微弱信号,将幂函数型单势阱模型与Gaussian Potential模型相结合提出一种新型的双稳随机共振系统,称为幂函数型双稳随机共振系统。首先,以平均信噪比增益为衡量指标,提出一种寻找最优系统参数组合的算法,使微弱信号、噪声及系统产生最佳的共振效果;然后,基于幂函数型双稳随机共振系统对Levy噪声背景下的仿真信号进行检测;最后提出一种基于小波变换和幂函数型双稳随机共振的微弱信号检测方法并应用于轴承故障信号检测中。仿真实验表明,幂函数型双稳随机共振模型在故障信号检测中是有效和可靠的。     

Research of high-resolution vibration signal detection technique and application to mechanical fault diagnosis

Bilinear time–frequency transformation can possess a simultaneous high resolution both in the time domain and the frequency domain. It can be utilised to detect weak transient vibration signals generated by early mechanical faults in complex background and thus is of great importance to early mechanical fault diagnoses. It has been found that the spectrogram has low resolution, and there is strong cross-terms in Wigner–Ville distribution and frequency aliasing and information loss in Choi–Williams distribution (CWD). Hence, they cannot achieve satisfied transient signal detection results. To enhance the capability of detecting transient vibration signals, based on the analysis of exponent distribution, this paper presents some novel alias-free time–frequency distributions. These distributions can avoid the information loss in CWD while suppressing the cross-terms. Moreover, they have high simultaneous resolutions in both the time and frequency domain. Digital simulation and gearbox fault diagnosis experiments prove that these new distributions can effectively detect transient components from complicated mechanical vibration signals.     

Research and Simulation on Weak Signal Detection Based on Duffing Oscillator and Damping Ratio Perturbation

The chaotic system is sensitive to the initial value,and this property can be applied in the weak signal detection.There are periodic,critical and chaotic states in a chaotic system.When the system is in the critical state,a small perturbation of system parameter may lead to a qualitative change of the system’s state.This paper introduces a new method to detect weak signals by the way of disturbing the damping ratio.The authors choose the duffing equation,using MATLAB to carry on the simulation,to study the changes of the system when the signal to be measured is added to the damping ratio.By means of observing the phase locus chart and time domain chart,the weak signal will be detected.     

Rolling element bearing faults diagnosis based on optimal Morlet wavelet filter and autocorrelation enhancement

The fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing is important for improving mechanical system reliability and performance. When localized fault occurs in a bearing, the periodic impulsive feature of the vibration signal appears in time domain, and the corresponding bearing characteristic frequencies (BCFs) emerge in frequency domain. However, in the early stage of bearing failures, the BCFs contain very little energy and are often overwhelmed by noise and higher-level macro-structural vibrations, an effective signal processing method would be necessary to remove such corrupting noise and interference. In this paper, a new hybrid method based on optimal Morlet wavelet filter and autocorrelation enhancement is presented. First, to eliminate the frequency associated with interferential vibrations, the vibration signal is filtered with a band-pass filter determined by a Morlet wavelet whose parameters are optimized by genetic algorithm. Then, to further reduce the residual in-band noise and highlight the periodic impulsive feature, an autocorrelation enhancement algorithm is applied to the filtered signal. In the enhanced autocorrelation envelope power spectrum, only several single spectrum lines would be left, which is very simple for operator to identify the bearing fault type. Moreover, the proposed method can be conducted in an almost automatic way. The results obtained from simulated and practical experiments prove that the proposed method is very effective for bearing faults diagnosis.     

基于经验模态分解的混沌噪声背景下弱信号检测与信号提取

基于经验模态分解方法,研究了在强混沌噪声背景下进行弱信号的检测与信号提取。对仿真信号的研究表明:用该方法可以直接提取出微弱的偶然性和周期性冲击时域信号,对弱谐波信号可能不能直接提取,但可以直接提取出其频率特征,这些弱冲击信号和弱谐波信号完全淹没在强的混沌噪声背景信号中,无论从时域上还是频域上基本上都看不出来。对齿轮箱的实际信号的研究也表明:尽管某些故障信号有时极其微弱,EMD方法也能有效地实现这些非线性非平稳信号的分离和提取,从而为机械设备故障诊断提供直观的有效的参考。     

基于Duffing振子的噪声背景下微弱周期信号检测

为有效地实现噪声背景下弱信号的提取,阐述了间歇混沌模型Duffing振子的混沌特性。利用Duffing振子对微弱信号具有敏感性、对噪声与频率差较大的周期干扰信号具有免疫力的特性,研究了基于Duffing振子在噪声条件下检测微弱周期信号、复合频率信号和未知频率信号的方法,用数值仿真验证了该方法的可行性。研究结果表明,基于Duffing振子的信号检测方法对极微弱周期信号检测有其独到的优势,其频率误差率在控制范围之内。     

First and second order periodic error measurement for non-constant velocity motions

This paper describes a digital algorithm that can be applied in real time to measure and compensate first and second order periodic error in heterodyne displacement measuring interferometers. Comparisons are made between the new algorithm and the traditional frequency domain measurement approach, where the error signal is Fourier transformed into the frequency domain to identify periodic error magnitudes. Experimental results are provided for both constant velocity and non-constant velocity conditions.     

Extended stochastic resonance (SR) and its applications in weak mechanical signal processing

To catch symptoms of machine failure as early as possible, one of the most important strategies is to apply more progressive techniques during signal processing. This paper presents a method based on stochastic resonance (SR) to detect weak fault signal. First, a discrete model of a bistable system that can demonstrate SR is researched, and the stability condition for controlling the selection of model parameters of the discrete model and guarantee the solving convergence are established. Then, the frequency range of the weak signals that the SR model can detect is extended through a type of normalized scale transformation. Finally, the method is applied to extract the weak characteristic component from heavy noise to indicate the little crack fault in a bearing outer circle.     

基于反向随机共振的衰减振荡信号自适应检测

衰减振荡信号作为暂态信号的主要形式广泛存在于多个领域。针对噪声环境下衰减振荡信号的识别检测问题,提出了一种基于双稳系统及量子粒子群寻优的自适应反向随机共振检测方法。该方法选取脉冲形式的输出信号作为最优随机共振检测结果,采用峭度或加权峭度作为寻优算法的适应度函数,实现了系统参数的自适应选取,进而识别出原始信号中衰减振荡信号的具体位置。该方法利用衰减振荡信号的单边特性,通过在时域上对输入信号进行反转,降低了信号的位置识别误差。基于仿真衰减振荡信号与水下气体泄漏声学信号对本文方法进行了测试,结果表明本文方法能够在噪声环境下实现对衰减振荡信号的自适应检测,相比现有方法具有更好的信号位置识别精度,可应用于水下气体泄漏检测等多个领域,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

自适应扫频随机共振研究

研究了小参数随机共振和大参数二次采样随机共振应用的局限性，提出自适应扫频随机共振算法，通过自动改变信号采样频率和调整双稳系统的结构参数，实现了强噪声中弱信号的检测，达到工程应用的目的。实验研究表明，自适应扫频随机共振技术可应用于工程实际。