轻型碳化硅质反射镜坯体的制造工艺

研究了轻型碳化硅质反射镜坯体制造技术,讨论了制备工艺中的关键环节.提出了一种先进的消失模技术用于制备性能更加优异的背部半封闭式轻量化结构.针对制备大尺寸复杂形状陶瓷的难点,研究了SiC陶瓷素坯凝胶注模成型及成型过程中高固相含量低黏度SiC浆料的配置、浆料固化时间控制及大尺寸复杂形状SiC湿坯的液体干燥工艺等.测试分析了...     

PZT压电陶瓷凝胶注模成型的研究

为探索压电陶瓷的最佳成型工艺,对PZT压电陶瓷材料进行凝胶注模成型实验,通过调节pH值、分散剂的含量,获得高固相比、低粘度的浆料.当分散剂的量为PZT粉体的0.25～0.35wt%、pH值为8～9时,制备出50vol%的流体浆料、成型的陶瓷的体密度达7.523g/cm3.结果表明高固相低粘度浆料的制备是凝胶注模成型的工艺关键因素.     

明胶凝胶注模成型不锈钢浆料的制备与生坯的性能

选用316L不锈钢粉为原料、海藻酸钠为分散剂、明胶为粘结剂,研究了固相、分散剂和粘结剂含量对浆料的流动性以及凝胶注模成型生坯抗弯强度的影响。结果表明:当pH值为7、固相体积分数为56%、分散剂质量分数为1.0%、粘结剂质量分数为0.8%时,浆料的黏度小于1 000 MPa·s,按此工艺参数制备的生坯在室温下干燥后,其抗弯强度可达到3.6 MPa。     

柠檬酸三铵对PZT基压电陶瓷浆料的分散和稳定

为探索分散剂柠檬酸三铵对PZT基压电陶瓷材料的分散性和稳定性,对PZT基压电陶瓷材料进行凝胶注模成型实验.通过测量浆料的沉降性和流变性,研究了分散剂的浓度和pH值对浆料的分散和稳定的影响.实验结果表明最佳分散剂浓度为PZT基陶瓷粉体的1.5%～2.0%,最佳pH值为9～11.当分散剂和pH值分别为1.5%和10时,制备出固含量达50.5%,粘度小于1Pa.s的适于凝胶注模的稳定陶瓷浆料,成瓷密度达7.5g/cm3.结果表明,剂柠檬酸三铵是该体系凝胶注模成型有效的分散剂.     

凝胶注模成型用316L不锈钢浆料的制备

采用凝胶注模成型技术,以天然琼脂为凝胶体,选择合适的分散剂,对316L不锈钢浆料的制备进行了研究,分析了琼脂的凝胶化特性和不锈钢浆料的分散性与稳定性。结果表明:浆料中加入质量分数为0.7%的琼脂溶液,以聚丙烯酸钠做分散剂,分散剂用量(质量分数)为0.15%,选择pH值为10.0时,能够得到稳定的、悬浮性较好的316L不锈钢浆料,用此浆料成型后可烧结制备形状复杂的316L不锈钢制品。     

原位凝固制备Al-Al2O3复合材料坯体的研究

介绍了采用原位凝固注模成形法制备Ａｌ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料坯体的基本工艺过程;研究了复合材料浆料的固相含量,原位凝固剂等对坯体性能的影响。结果表明,原位凝固剂可以使浆烊的位凝固,通过调节固相含量及凝固剂的含量可以控制凝固时间和坯体的强度;坯体具有足够的脱模强度,较高的密度均匀性和合适的孔隙率以及尺寸变化率小等特点。     

基于光固化成型技术的空心叶片陶瓷铸型制造缺陷控制

陶瓷铸型是制造空心叶片的核心,相对于熔模铸造主流技术,基于光固化成型技术的一体化陶瓷铸型制造方法具有显著的优势：周期短、成本低、响应快,但如何控制铸型的缺陷是该方法发展的技术难题。为此,研究光固化原型台阶效应的解决方法,探讨铸型精细结构的凝胶注模复型行为,分析脱脂过程热应力对铸型质量的影响规律。结果表明：基于液态石蜡的流平性原理,可解决光固化树脂原型的台阶效应问题,显著减小原型表面粗糙度;随温度升高,覆膜RP60石蜡单层厚度减小,90 ℃时稳定在0.06 mm左右;当陶瓷浆料固相体积分数不大于62%时,可实现0.5 mm细小特征陶瓷铸型的凝胶注模真空无缺陷复型;通过镂空处理,脱脂陶瓷铸型无缺陷、精度较高。     

琼脂凝胶注模成型316L不锈钢粉坯体的性能

以琼脂为凝胶体,用凝胶注模成型法制备了316L不锈钢粉坯体;从坯体抗弯强度、收缩率和坯体表面质量三方面析了金属粉含量、琼脂含量、分散剂含量和坯体干燥环境对坯体性能的影响。结果表明:采用金属粉含量55%(体积分数)、琼脂含量0.7%(质量分数)、分散剂含量1%(质量分数)制备坯体时,可以得到抗弯强度达2.7 MPa的坯体;置于温度、湿度可控环境中对坯体进行干燥可有效提高坯体的表面质量。     

激光加工凝胶注模成型氧化铝陶瓷坯体的试验研究

采用不同雕刻工艺参数对凝胶注模成型的Al2O3陶瓷坯体进行雕刻试验。详细分析了工艺参数对单层雕刻深度、雕刻质量的影响以及激光雕刻陶瓷坯体的机理。当激光输出功率为12mA、扫描间隔为0．15mm、激光扫描速度为27mm／s时,陶瓷坯体试样获得较高的雕刻质量。利用试验中获得的参数数据进行了三维实体的雕刻并给出了应用实例。结果表明,分层成形原理可以应用于激光雕刻领域,三维雕刻系统能够在陶瓷坯体表面直接加工真正的三维图形。     

凝胶注模成型和机械发泡工艺制备多孔硅酸锆陶瓷的显微结构和抗压性能

以工业锆英砂为原料,以体积分数0.1%~0.5%十二烷基硫酸三乙醇胺的表面活性剂水溶液(Surf-E)为发泡剂,采用凝胶注模成型和机械发泡工艺相结合的方法制备了多孔硅酸锆陶瓷;用流变仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、材料试验机等手段表征了锆英砂浆料的流变性和多孔硅酸锆陶瓷的物相、断口形貌及抗压性能。结果表明:加入体积分数0.5%发泡剂(Surf-E)和质量分数0.2%增稠剂(CMC)浆料的流变性能最好;高温烧结后,多孔陶瓷的主要晶相为正方结构的ZrSiO4相和少量单斜结构的ZrO2相,气孔接近球状,平均尺寸为100μm,孔壁粗糙不平,多孔陶瓷的密度为1.83g·cm-3,显气孔率为54.3%,抗压强度为24.6 MPa。     

碳碳复合材料界面热力学研究

化工材料是化工业及工业生产制造的基本元素,各种材料的性能特点决定了复合产品加工制造质量的好坏。分析碳碳复合材料界面热力学特点,主要是为了保证化工材料性能的正常发挥,使得化工生产的流程更加顺利。采用了理论研究与生产实践相结合的方式分析了碳碳复合材料的基本性质与优势,从四大热力学定律分析了材料详细的热学特点,得出了温度高低变化是影响复合材料性能的重要因素。     

Effect of Resin-Derived Carbon on the Friction Behavior of Carbon/Carbon Composites

Three different C/C composites with rough laminar (RL) pyrocarbon, RL pyrocarbon with added resin-derived carbon, and pure resin-derived carbon have been evaluated and tested for friction performance. A laboratory dynamometer was used to simulate different braking speeds utilizing a single stator and rotor pair. The morphologies and microstructures of the raw materials, wear surfaces, and wear debris at different braking levels were observed by polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results have shown that the friction coefficients of the three C/C composites display the same characteristics with increasing braking speed. They increased to a maximum value at medium braking speed and thereafter decreased with increasing braking speed, and their mean values under the same braking conditions were similar. The C/C composite with pure resin-derived carbon showed the highest loss due to wear under all conditions, while the C/C composite with the RL pyrocarbon showed the lowest loss. Resin-derived carbon in C/C composites does not have a significant effect on the friction coefficient, but the wear rate increases greatly with increasing resin-derived carbon content. Wear debris is composed of flocculent particles with polycrystalline structure, along with the matrix carbon, which is worn off directly from the composites.     

沥青基碳/碳复合材料的弯曲性能

采用三点弯曲法测试了单向和三维四向碳纤维增强的两种沥青基碳/碳(C/C)复合材料(1D-C/C和3D-C/C)在室温及1 800℃高温时的弯曲性能,分析了增强体结构、温度对C/C复合材料弯曲性能的影响,并探讨了其弯曲断裂时的界面机制。结果表明:3D-C/C的弯曲模量高于1D-C/C的,但其抗弯强度却明显低于1D-C/C的;1D-C/C的弯曲断裂呈脆性断裂,而3D-C/C的弯曲断裂则表现出明显的假塑性特征;对同一种增强体结构的沥青基C/C复合材料,在1 800℃时的弯曲性能高于其在室温时的。     

基体炭对炭/炭复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用液相浸渍-炭化法制备了沥青基炭/炭复合材料(P-C/C)和沥青-酚醛树脂双基体炭/炭复合材料(D-C/C),研究了它们的增密效率、抗弯强度和摩擦磨损性能的差别。结果表明:P-C/C的增密效率高于D-C/C的;在体积密度基本相同的情况下,两种复合材料的抗弯强度相近;D-C/C的摩擦因数较大,磨损较严重;基体炭结构和性能的差别是造成两种复合材料摩擦磨损性能不同的主要原因。     

MG63 Osteoblast-like Cells Growth Behaviour on Carbon/Carbon Composites with Different Carbon Matrixes

During the process that implant materials are used for bone replacement,the cell responses to implant materials determine the long-term stability of bone replacement.The microstructure of implant materials is considered as a critical factor that influences the cell responses.Carbon/Carbon composites(C/C composites) are novel implant materials,but there are few reports on the effect of their microstructure,especially the carbon matrixes and holes,on cell behavior.In this paper,C/C composites with different carbon matrixes are prepared by chemical vapor infiltration and pressure impregnation carbonization technique,respectively.The structure of holes is analyzed.The cell responses to C/C composites with different carbon matrixes are evaluated with MG63 osteoblast-like cells.The morphologies of MG63 osteoblast-like cells on the surface of C/C composites,especially in the holes are assessed by scanning electron microscope,and cell proliferation behavior is evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. The results show that MG63 osteoblast-like cells have a lamellar morphology with similar sizes and spreading areas as well as the same proliferation behaviors for C/C composites with different carbon matrixes.Carbon matrix shows unapparent influence on the cell growth behavior.Besides,MG63 osteoblast-like cells have various interactions with the holes of C/C composites.The cells stride over the holes with 6～8μm in size,and connect with each other or grow along the curvature wall of the holes with a size of 30-40μm;the cells present three-dimensional morphologies inside the holes and display circular shapes along the ridge of the holes.Diverse cell-material interactions are found according to the size and position of the holes,which provides theoretical foundation for the microstructure design of clinical C/C composites.     

类金刚石表面改性C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积法在C/C复合材料基底表面制备了不同厚度的类金刚石（DLC）表面改性膜;用球-盘对磨的方式测试了C/C复合材料基底和DLC膜在干态下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:制备的表面改性膜具有典型的DLC结构特征,均匀致密;随着沉积时间的延长,DLC膜厚度逐渐增大,膜基结合强度依次减小;C/C复合材料基底的平均摩擦因数为0.285 8,磨损率约为1.6×10^-4mm³·N^-1·m^-1,表面改性膜的摩擦因数较基底有较大程度的降低,在0.08～0.27之间,磨损率也降低了1～2个数量级,且沉积时间越长其摩擦因数越小、磨损率越低。     

催化FBCVI制备碳纳米纤维增强碳/碳复合材料的组织与力学性能研究

采用薄膜沸腾气相沉积(film-boiling chemical vapor infiltration,FBCVI)工艺,制备原位碳纳米纤维增强碳/碳复合材料(carbon nanofibers-reinforced carbon/carbon composites,CNFs-C/C))。研究了致密化过程中CNFs的生长情况和催化剂的引入对材料组织结构和力学性能的影响。研究表明,致密化前期,原位生长CNFs困难;随着沉积时间延长,CNFs大量增多并被碳基体包覆,CNFs主要为碳纳米线(carbon nanowires,CNWs)。CNFs-C/C的碳基体结构为粗糙层(RL),且存在大量的生长锥。相比于未加催化剂的试样,CNFs-C/C的弯曲强度和模量分别提高了30.9%和39.1%,断裂模式为假塑性断裂。     

密度梯度碳/碳复合材料的制备及性能

采用强制流动热梯度化学气相渗透法在1000～1 250℃制备了密度梯度碳/碳复合材料;借助三点弯曲试验和激光闪烁法测定了复合材料的弯曲性能与导热系数,用偏光显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察了基体热解碳的组织结构及断口形貌。结果表明:该复合材料上层的最大密度为1.65g·cm~(-3),下层的最小密度为1.10g·cm~(-3),具有明显的密度梯度;复合材料的密度越大,抗弯强度越高;其导热系数也随密度的增加而增大;沉积温度是影响基体热解碳组织的主要因素,高温有利于粗糙层热解碳的生成,而低温有利于光滑层热解碳的生成。     

The Solid Particle Erosion Behavior of Carbon/Carbon and Carbon/Phenolic Composite Used in Re-entry Vehicles

Several engineering components made of carbon-based heat-resistant composites are subjected to severe erosive wear. In view of the above, the solid particle erosion behavior of two and four dimensionally reinforced carbon/carbon (C/C) composites as well as that of carbon/phenolic (C/P) composite has been characterized at the ambient temperature. The investigated C/C composites have been produced through a liquid-phase infiltration method followed by hot isostatic pressing, while the C/P composite prepegs have been cured inside an autoclave. The erosion rates of these composites have been determined for two different impact angles and two different impact velocities using silica sand with average particle diameter of 200 μm. The morphologies of as-received and eroded surfaces of test specimens have been examined with the help of scanning electron microscopy to understand the mechanism of material removal. The erosion response, erosion efficiency, and erosion micromechanisms of these composites have been studied in detail. While the erosion resistance of the C/P composite is found to be superior to that of the investigated C/C composites, the four dimensionally reinforced C/C composite have shown the highest erosion efficiency. All the composites have exhibited a semi-ductile erosion response. Their mechanical properties have little correlation with the erosion rates.     

碳/碳复合材料基体上羟基磷灰石涂层的体外生物活性

通过分析碳/碳复合材料表面等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石(简称HA)涂层在模拟体液中浸泡后的钙离子浓度和pH值的变化,涂层表面沉积物的微观结构、相组成和钙、磷原子数比,研究了该涂层的体外生物活性。结果表明:随着浸泡时间的延长,浸泡液的钙离子浓度降低,pH值升高,涂层表面的CaO完全溶解,α-TCP和β-TCP轻微溶解;涂层表面的沉积物主要是晶相HA,涂层具有良好的体外生物活性。