A systematic approach for the sequence controller design in manufacturing systems

This paper presents a systematic approach for the design and implementation of the sequence controller in manufacturing systems. By employing the IDEF0, we construct the simplified Petri net controller (SPNC) through the material flow diagram and the information flow diagram. Then, the ladder logic diagram (LLD) can be transformed from the SPNC through the token passing logic (TPL). The proposed approach, including the IDEF0, SPNC, and TPL tools, leads to the standard IEC1131-3 LLD for PLC implementation. Finally, an application of a stamping process is provided to illustrate the design procedure of the developed approach .     

可编程序控制器顺序逻辑梯形图的简易设计法

本文提出一种设计可编程序控制器(PLC)顺序逻辑梯形图的简易方法。其步骤是:根据受控设备的工况示意图和工步状态表,制定一张PLC顺序逻辑控制系统输入输出状态表,然后分析状态表内所列出的受控机械动作与检测信号之间是否存在逻辑矛盾,如果存在,则借助设置辅助继电器来消除逻辑矛盾。在此基础上,根据输出状态逻辑式正确性的充要条件,在状态表内直观地确定每个PLC受控元件的输出状态逻辑式,最后根据逻辑式绘制梯形图。     

智能车辆的纵向运动控制

建立使用发动机中等复杂模型和非线性刹车模型的车辆纵向运动数学模型。使用基于模糊逻辑和遗传算法的复杂对象控制器自动设计方法设计刹车控制器,构造一种油门和刹车切换逻辑,再基于刹车控制器和切换逻辑使用自动设计方法设计油门控制器,共同构成纵向运动控制器(LMC)。仿真检验LMC在IV巡航控制和自适应巡航控制中的有效性,结果表明所设计的LMC完全可以满足IV纵向运动高精度、强鲁棒性和平顺性的要求     

Methods of measuring the size and complexity of PLC programs in different logic control design methodologies

Currently there is a wide variety of logic control design methodologies used in industrial logic design. These methodologies include ladder diagrams, function block diagrams, sequential function charts, and flow charts, but driven by a desire for verifiability, academics are developing additional logic control design methodologies, such as modular finite state machines and Petri nets. Using these, important properties of programs can be verified and some logic can be generated automatically from a part plan. The main contribution of this paper is to define methods for measuring programs written in different methodologies, so that the performance of the methodologies can be compared.We demonstrate these methods of measurement using four program samples that perform similar functions on the same machine, written in four logic control design methodologies: ladder diagrams, Petri nets, signal interpreted Petri nets and modular finite state machines.     

开放式体系结构数控系统实时性的建模与分析

给出一个新的用于描述开放式体系结构数控系统(Open architecture computerized numerical control system,OAC)的建模方法——时间转化模型/全时轴实时时态逻辑(Timed transition model/all-time real-time temporal logic,TTM/ATRTTL)。TTM/ATRTTL提供一整套方法用于对OAC系统的硬实时性和反馈特性进行建模并使用该形式化方法在系统层对OAC系统进行建模。分别给出开环OAC,系统级逻辑控制器以及任务间通信和同步机制的TTM模型,并最终给出具有调度机制的闭环OAC系统TTM模型。该模型为系统验证体系结构的基础。最后,给出系统验证体系结构并用模型验证工具STeP和CAD工具SF2STeP实现之。在系统验证过程中,首先解决STeP中遇到的若干模型验证问题,这些问题包括重写规则,验证规则,状态爆炸问题,以及时间约束限制问题。通过模型验证试验解决OAC系统运行过程中出现的死锁以及系统各模块执行时间约束检验问题。试验结果表明该方法可以有效地对OAC系统进行建模并对系统的实时特性进行验证。     

Methods of measuring the size and complexity of PLC programs in different logic control design methodologies

Currently there is a wide variety of logic control design methodologies used in industrial logic design. These methodologies include ladder diagrams, function block diagrams, sequential function charts, and flow charts, but driven by a desire for verifiability, academics are developing additional logic control design methodologies, such as modular finite state machines and Petri nets. Using these, important properties of programs can be verified and some logic can be generated automatically from a part plan. The main contribution of this paper is to define methods for measuring programs written in different methodologies, so that the performance of the methodologies can be compared.We demonstrate these methods of measurement using four program samples that perform similar functions on the same machine, written in four logic control design methodologies: ladder diagrams, Petri nets, signal interpreted Petri nets and modular finite state machines.     

航空发动机加力状态控制系统设计与仿真

根据航空发动机加力状态控制计划,进行了加力状态控制系统的控制逻辑设计,并在该型发动机控制系统数字仿真平台上进行了喷口及加力燃烧室燃油流量控制器的仿真研究.仿真表明,设计得到的控制逻辑是合理、可行的,可以应用于航空发动机加力状态控制系统的设计.     

谓词逻辑在设计PLC梯形图中使用的研究

使用谓词逻辑法举例分析PLC梯形图的编制过程,并分析其优缺点.若能掌握其使用技巧,则能够较好的满足设计复杂控制梯形图的需要.     

PLC在C650卧式车床控制系统中的应用

利用日本三菱公司生产的微型FX系列可编程逻辑控制器(PLC),结合电气控制技术.实现了对C650卧式车床控制系统的改进.分析了系统的硬件及软件设计,提供了主要的硬件原理图和软件梯形图.实践结果证明,改进后的C650卧式车床控制系统功能先进、实用,具有良好的应用前景.     

三菱FX2N系列PLC对摇臂钻床电控系统的改造

利用三菱微型FX系列可编程控制器(PLC),结合电气控制技术,实现了对Z3040摇臂钻床控制系统的改进。分析了系统的硬件及软件设计,提供了主要的硬件原理图和软件梯形图。实践结果证明,改进后的Z3040摇臂钻床控制系统功能先进,实用,可靠。     

顺序功能图在机械手控制设计中的应用

简单介绍了顺序功能图的基础知识，并以机械手控制为例，利用顺序功能图的方法设计其梯形图。与传统的设计方法相比具有简单、直观、逻辑性强等特点，提高了编程的效率。     

基于Cortex-M3的电动医疗床驱动与控制系统

为解决目前国内电动医疗床功能简单、技术落后等问题,提出了一种多个线性驱动器同步运行、实现电动医疗床复杂位置控制的驱动与控制系统。该控制器以Cortex-M3为核心,与线性驱动器上的双霍尔传感器构成了闭环控制回路,通过模糊PID控制,实现了多个线性驱动器的同步运动控制;采用CASS嵌入式开发平台技术,在专用控制器上实现了对控制逻辑的梯形图编程,提高了开发效率;详细地描述了其系统结构、线性驱动器改进的机械结构和控制器软、硬件的设计。该系统已应用于ICU医疗床,通过对3台立柱式推杆同步运动控制和2台手持式推杆的协同控制,结果表明,该系统可实现医疗机构的各种护理和康复功能。     

构建PMAC数控系统的关键技术和实现方法

分析了在使用PMAC开发数控系统软件时的行程序设计的方法和对策.利用集中输入输出思想、梯形图编程方法和布尔逻辑运算,简化了复杂逻辑PLC程序的设计,提高了程序逻辑的清晰度和可靠性.采用自动插入同步变量的方法,成功地解决了数控加工过程中数控代码的实时跟踪问题.     

应用HMC设计的气动太阳能组件铺设机械手

为了解决人工把EVA放置到太阳能组件上时效率不高,而且放置的位置有误差的不足,同时克服传统机械手中PLC只有一个处理器且执行单一个梯形图程序,面对愈来愈复杂庞大的控制工序与运算在程序开发与维护上的困难。该文应用HMC设计的气动太阳能组件铺设机械手,采用HMC控制器使用分时多工的处理架构,既能够只执行单一主程序又能同时执行四个主程序运行,提供使用者更大的程序开发弹性。通过实验验证:HMC融合了人机操作界面(HMC)与逻辑计算(控制器)的功能,实现操作界面与逻辑控制高效能的完美结合,成功地取代了人工铺设,并让铺设的效果达到最佳。     

基于PLC的平面磨床电气系统的改造

采用西门子S7—200系列可编程控制器（PLC）对M7120平面磨床的控制系统进行技术改造,设计了磨床的主电路、PLC的I／0端子接线图和梯形图程序。实践证明改造后的M7120平面磨床在实际生产中运行稳定,生产效率大大提高。     

Discrete event control system design using automation Petri nets and their ladder diagram implementation

As automated manufacturing systems become more complex, the need for an effective design tool to produce both high-level discrete event control systems (DECS) and low-level implementations becomes more important. Petri nets represent the most effective method for both the design and implementation of DECSs. In this paper, automation Petri nets (APN) are introduced to provide a new method for the design and implementation of DECSs. The APN is particularly well suited to multiproduct systems and provides a more effective solution than Grafcet in this context. Since ordinary Petri nets do not deal with sensors and actuators of DECSs, the Petri net concepts are extended, by including actions and sensor readings as formal structures within the APN. Moreover, enabling and inhibitor arcs, which can enable or disable transitions through the use of leading-edge, falling-edge and level of markings, are also introduced. In this paper, the methodology is explained by considering a fundamental APN structure. The conversion of APNs into the IEC1131-3 ladder diagrams (LD) for implementation on a PLC is also explained by using the token passing logic (TPL) concept. Finally, an illustrative example of how APNs can be applied to a discrete manufacturing problem is described in detail.     

浅析可编程序控制器的编程方法

本文就电气自动化领域广泛使用的可编程序控制器做简要的介绍,并对传统的接线程序控制和存储程序控制做一比较.经验设计法虽然传承了接线程序控制的思想,但编程的难度比较大;顺序控制设计法是符合工业控制的特征,是一种先进的编程方法.同时本文举例说明由顺序控制设计法设计出的顺序功能图转换成梯形图的三种方法.     

The effect of high frequency and duty cycle in electrochemical microdrilling

A useful method for increasing the metal removal rate and the tool life of turning systems is by controlling a constant cutting force. This study developed a hybrid self-organizing fuzzy and radial basis-function neural-network controller (HSFRBNC) for turning systems to maintain constant cutting force operation. The HSFRBNC uses a radial basis function neural-network to regulate both the learning rate and the weighting distribution of a self-organizing fuzzy controller (SOFC) in real time to appropriate values, instead of obtaining these values by trial and error. It not only eliminates the difficulties of finding appropriate membership functions and fuzzy rules in the design of the fuzzy logic controller but also solves the problem of determining suitable parameters of the SOFC. The HSFRBNC has better control performance than the SOFC for manipulating constant cutting force in the turning system, as shown in the simulation results.     

具有迟滞和蠕变特性压电作动器的模糊自适应逆控制方法

针对具有迟滞和蠕变特性的压电作动器非线性模型,提出了一种前馈控制和反馈控制相结合的自适应模糊逆控制方案。在前馈控制器中压电作动器的迟滞和蠕变非线性特性的逆模型由自适应模糊逻辑系统近似;在反馈控制器中比例控制器用来调节压电作动器的输出误差。该方法可以实时补偿压电作动器的迟滞和蠕变特性,减少作动器跟踪误差。仿真计算结果表明了该方法的有效性。