用双控制体模型计算直通式篦齿密封的动特性系数

用双控体模型计算直通式篦齿密封动特性系数,介绍单控体模型。通过理论计算与试验结果的对比,说明采用的双控体模型方法是可行的;分析了密封间隙、转速等对密封动特性系数的影响;用实例比较单控体模型和双控体模型的结果,得出一些有意义的结论。     

迷宫密封三维流场动力学特性计算及研究

迷宫密封气动特性对转子动力学特性的作用明显。应用计算流体动力学技术建立迷宫密封模型,利用计算流体动力学软件Fluent中旋转流场计算方法,对迷宫密封流场进行数值计算,该方法可以将非稳定流场计算转变成稳定流场,从而降低密封流场的计算量。讨论流场参数对其动力学特性的影响。通过对流场计算结果分析发现,气流流速在跨音速时,迷宫密封气动力系数和泄漏量都有较大的变化。因此在工程设计和操作时,要考虑密封中气流流速对转子动力学特性的影响。     

迷宫密封对转子系统稳定性影响研究

透平机械中汽流激振力主要产生于各种形式的密封处,其对转子系统的稳定性有不良影响。因迷宫密封的存在而引起汽流激振,其各有关结构和工况参数对转子动力特性均存在影响。本文主要分析转子转速、入口预旋比、密封间隙、压差、齿数变化等一系列因素对转子系统稳定性的影响,为迷宫密封汽流激振的防治和迷宫密封设计中各参数的最优确定提供参考依据。     

迷宫密封动力特性影响因素分析

迷宫密封的存在会引起汽流激振,密封的结构和工况参数对转子动力特性均存在影响。本文综合分析转子转速、入口预旋比、密封间隙、压差等因素对转子动力特性系数的影响,为迷宫密封汽流激振的防治和设计中各参数的最优确定提供参考依据。     

迷宫密封的气流激振力及其动力特性系数的研究

迷宫密封的气流激振是大型透平机组发生失稳的一个重要原因。评价转子系统稳定性的主要在数之一便是动力特性系数。对迷宫密封的动力特性系数提出了一种新的理论计算方法,理论计算与实验结果之间吻合良好。通过分析各有关参数对动力特性系数的影响,为迷宫密封气流激振的防治提供了对策。     

结构参数对贯通挡板袋型阻尼密封动力特性的影响

与迷宫密封不同，由于有轴向挡板的存在，贯通挡板袋型阻尼密封能提供较大的阻尼，成为抑制旋转机械系统振动的潜在的有效元件。为探究结构参数对该种密封动特性的影响，对扰动下的贯通挡板袋型阻尼密封-转子系统进行受力分析；选定若干组腔室深度、密封间隙、基本腔室宽度，建立数值仿真模型；利用CFD方法计算给定轴颈涡动下密封间隙和腔室中的流动情况，获得扰动作用下轴颈受到间隙气流的径向作用力，求得密封-转子系统8个动特性系数；分析该型阻尼密封的腔室深度、密封间隙、基本腔室宽度3种结构参数对其动特性系数的影响规律。结果表明：刚度系数中直接刚度为主导因素，且随腔室加宽加深单调增加；直接阻尼和交叉阻尼量级相仿，且较大的腔室深度和较小的密封间隙有利于取得较好的阻尼特性；通过选择尽可能深的腔室深度和尽可能小的密封间隙，以及恰当的密封宽度和齿数，可获得更好的密封动力特性。     

CFD Study on Stepped and Drum Balance Labyrinth Seal

The stability of rotors in turbomachines is affected by the labyrinth seal where driving forces are generated. Recent research results have shown that the preswirl has a significant influence on the rotordynamic characteristics of the straight labyrinth seal including both tooth-on-stator and tooth-on-rotor configurations. However, modern turbomachines require higher and higher pressure drop for the seal so that the eye seal is usually designed as stepped labyrinth, whereas the balance drum usually employs a tooth-interlocking labyrinth and a larger number of teeth. Both designs could generate greater forces on the rotor than the straight labyrinth seal. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the influence of preswirl on stepped and tooth-interlocking labyrinth seals. This article employed 3D calculational fluid dynamics (CFD) to solve the flow in those seals. Then the rotordynamic coefficients of the two seals at different preswirl rates were calculated based on the CFD results. The results were compared with test data and bulk flow results. A rotor stability analysis was conducted considering the balance drum seal with the coefficients predicted by the numerical method.     

篦齿封严气弹稳定性影响因素研究

为探究篦齿封严气弹失稳机制,理论分析了篦齿封严结构动力学与气弹稳定性判定公式,建立了篦齿封严结构动力特性数值求解模型与气弹稳定性求解模型,并验证该了方法的准确性;研究了篦齿环齿间距、壁厚以及转速对篦齿封严固有频率与气弹稳定性的影响规律,揭示了篦齿封严气弹失稳影响机制。研究表明：齿间距、壁厚对固有频率的影响程度随着节径数的增加而增大,对前三阶固有频率影响不大;转速对于第一阶固有频率影响最大;篦齿封严齿间距的增加会导致固有频率和气弹稳定性的下降;篦齿封严壁厚的增加可引起固有频率的升高,并且可以有效改善气弹稳定性;升高转速会引起篦齿环固有频率较明显的增加,对气弹稳定性影响较小。     

Rotordynamic coefficients in staggered labyrinth seals

In this paper, the flow properties of staggered labyrinth seals are investigated. Leakage flowrates and pressure distributions are calculated for this seal. Then the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients are calculated. The results are compared to the results of the some other papers.     

Numerical simulation of rotordynamic coefficients for eccentric annular-type-plain-pump seal using CFD analysis

Annular seals are primarily used to control the leakage in turbomachinery, such as pumps. Consequently, annular seals substantially affect the stability of turbomachinery. Designing the annular seals of high performance pumps require the accurate prediction of the seal’s leakage flow rate and rotordynamic coefficients. The bulk-flow model is the traditional means for leakage flow rate analysis and predictions. Bulk-flow analysis is based on the Hirs’ lubrication equation, which simplifies the Navier-Stokes equation. However, the analysis of the bulk-flow model requires a great amount of time to develop an analysis code. Furthermore, the code possesses many constraints for analyzing seals with complicated shapes. 3D CFD simulations provide faster and less expensive estimates of the flow field for a wide variety of operating parameters and flow conditions. In this study, the flow field and the rotordynamic coefficients of a plain-eccentricannular seal were simulated with circular whirl orbits using 3D CFD code. A relative coordinate system was defined to calculate the 3D velocity profile and the dynamic pressure distribution of the seal clearance for each rotor whirling speed. The rotordynamic coefficients were determined by reaction forces of seal fluid, which were calculated by integrating the dynamic pressures to the whole area of seal. The results from our analyses were compared to existing theoretical calculations as well as compared to results acquired from experiments. The present 3D CFD results of leakage and rotordynamic coefficients of K and C showed better improvement in prediction.     

转/静子齿对迷宫密封泄漏特性与动力特性影响机制研究

迷宫密封齿设计于转子或静子上对迷宫密封的性能影响较大.为揭示转/静子齿对迷宫密封泄漏特性与动力特性的影响机制,应用非定常动网格技术建立了迷宫密封泄漏特性与动力特性多频椭圆涡动求解模型,在验证求解模型准确性基础上,分析转/静子齿迷宫密封的泄漏特性与动力特性,并讨论2种结构对迷宫密封转子系统稳定性的影响.结果表明:转/静子...     

新型涡流槽密封泄漏特性与动力特性研究

提出一种密封入口周向均匀设置有涡流槽的新型密封结构,建立了传统迷宫密封与新型涡流槽密封泄漏特性及动力特性求解模型,在实验验证数值计算方法准确性的基础上,通过比较分析了传统迷宫密封与新型涡流槽密封在不同进出口压比、预旋比工况下的泄漏特性与动力特性,研究了新型涡流槽结构对密封泄漏特性及动力特性的影响机理。研究结果表明：随着涡流槽数量的增加,涡流槽密封的泄漏量逐渐降低;在同一压比下,不同涡流槽数新型密封的泄漏量之间差值随着压比的增大而增大。当压比为6时,64涡流槽的新型密封较传统迷宫密封,泄漏量下降了3.37%;在高预旋比的工况下,不同涡流槽数量密封的切向气流力均与转子涡动方向相反,起到抑制转子涡动的作用,且随着涡流槽数量的增加,切向气流力也随着增大;随着转子涡动频率的增大,三种不同涡流槽数量密封的交叉刚度先减小到负值然后增大到正值。涡流槽密封的有效阻尼均高于传统迷宫密封,新型涡流槽密封可以提高转子系统的稳定性。     

Neural network and CFD-based optimisation of square cavity and curved cavity static labyrinth seals

The pressure drop characteristics for leakage of water through circular grooved, square cavity and curved cavity static labyrinth seals are investigated. A semi-theoretical model employing two new terms named virtual cavity velocity and vortex loss coefficient, to determine the pressure drop across the seal is presented. Five different square cavity labyrinth seals (SCLS) were subjected to flow visualisation tests to observe the leakage flow patterns. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis was done using Fluent commercial code. The values of the vortex loss coefficient for the SCLS at turbulent flow conditions were obtained experimentally. Using the data pool, an artificial neural network (ANN) simulation model was employed to identify the optimal SCLS configuration. Based on the insights gained, two different curved cavity labyrinth seal (CCLS) geometries were developed and optimised using parametric CFD analysis. They were visualisation tested and experimentally found to have higher pressure drops and vortex loss coefficients as compared to the SCLS configurations. The studies show that the enhanced performance is due to the presence of multiple recirculation zones within their cavities, which dissipate higher amount of leakage flow momentum.     

新型动静压混合润滑机械密封流场数值研究

以流体膜为研究对象,建立了新型动静压混合润滑密封端面的三维模型,并利用流体力学软件FLUENT对端面流场进行数值模拟,得出端面液膜的压力分布及速度分布.通过与静压和动压式密封对比,分析了操作参数(如封液压力、转速)对密封性能的影响规律.结果表明,该密封兼有动压与静压两种密封形式的特点,泄漏量小,液膜刚度大,适合于低速非接触密封.     

迷宫和薄叶气封结构与气动特性的对比分析

数值研究相同条件下迷宫气封和薄叶气封结构特点、气动特性、密封机理及密封效果,比较两种气封的差异。通过与已发表的试验数据的对比,校核所采用的商业计算流体力学软件CFX的可靠性,计算得到的性能曲线与试验数据有较好的一致性,采用的数值模拟方法可行。分别对迷宫气封和薄叶气封内部流场进行数值模拟。通过对两种气封计算结果的对比分析,阐明它们的密封机理,给出各自的封严特性和所产生的摩擦转矩的变化规律。分析结果表明,薄叶气封的径向间隙远小于迷宫气封,漏气量为迷宫气封的1/3,对旋转轴产生的摩擦阻抗力矩低于迷宫气封,从结构运行特点和气动性能两方面说明薄叶气封的优越性,认为在不久的将来薄叶气封有可能替代迷宫气封。     

离心压缩机新型轴封设计

针对2MB—CH型离心压缩机设计了一种新型的轴封结构，该结构结合了迷宫密封和抽气密封的优点，并采用蒸汽作为阻塞介质，结构简单，运行费用低，无污染，安全可靠。现场应用表明。该种密封的性能明显优于其它密封形式。     

INVESTIGATION INTO EFFECT OF SPRING PRESSURE ON PERFORMANCE OF BALANCED MECHANICAL SEALS

The loads acting on the sealing elements of balanced mechanical seals are analyzed. When the balance factor approaches the back pressure factor, the spring pressure will become main part of the face pressure. The leakage model of balanced mechanical seals is established on the base of M-B model for rough surface. Several GY-70 type balanced mechanical seals are tested. The influences of the spring pressure both on the leakage rate and on the friction characteristic of balanced mechanical seals are investigated. The research results indicate that as spring pressure increases, both the clear-ance between two end faces and the leakage rate will decrease, and the friction will be more serious because lubrication medium between the rotating ring and the stationary ring reduces, though the increase of the spring pressure may not be enough to change the face friction state of mechanical seals. There exists an optimum spring pressure for mechanical seal operation. Under this spring pres-sure, not only leakage rate is small, but also the seal end surfaces have a fine friction characteristic. Under different operating conditions, identical type mechanical seals may possess different spring pressure. Appropriate selection of spring pressure is valuable to realize long-period and small leakage rate operating of balanced mechanical seals.     

蜂窝结构对篦齿-蜂窝密封封严性能的影响

为提高压气机级间气路封严密封性能,在传统六边形蜂窝的基础上,改变其结构得到方形蜂窝和圆形蜂窝,数值研究不同间隙、压比和转速下蜂窝结构对篦齿-蜂窝密封封严性能的影响。结果表明:间隙增加时,篦齿密封、六边形蜂窝密封、方形蜂窝密封、圆形蜂窝密封4种密封方式泄漏量均线性增加,但由于蜂窝破坏了流场透气效应,故篦齿-蜂窝密封泄漏量增速最慢,其中圆形蜂窝密封封严效果最好;压比增加时,4种密封方式泄漏量均增加,但篦齿及蜂窝腔室内形成漩涡亦随压比增加而愈发强烈,耗散更多能量,故泄漏量增速逐渐变缓;转子转速增加时,流体环向速度增加,4种密封方式泄漏量均减小,而蜂窝环向切割流体形成漩涡耗散能量,故篦齿-蜂窝密封减小幅度较大。在大间隙高压比高转速的工况下,篦齿-蜂窝衬套结构封严效果更好,其中篦齿-圆形蜂窝密封最具优势。     

Parametric Study of Spiral Groove Gas Face Seals

A finite element analysis for the isothermal flow in spiral groove gas face seals is detailed along with a successive approximation method for the iterative solution of the nonlinear Reynolds equation. Zeroth- and first-order pressure fields are calculated for evaluation of the seal opening force and leakage and the axial stiffness and damping force coefficients, respectively. A parametric study shows the static and dynamic force behavior of a baseline SGFS operating with a large pressure ratio. The recommended geometric parameters presented ensure large static stiffness and damping force coefficients while still allowing for low seal leakage rates. A reduction in the power loss and a significant increase in the seal static stiffness coefficient are unique features of thin seal dams.     

大型水泵导轴承梳齿迷宫密封研究

推导了大型水泵油润滑导轴承梳齿迷宫密封泄漏量计算公式。通过实例计算了梳齿迷宫密封的泄漏量及各密封段的压降,分析了各段对密封效果的影响。比较了梳齿迷宫密封与端面密封的密封效果,分析了油润滑导轴承浸水的可能原因,指出了梳齿迷宫密封的适用性。结果表明:在水泵导轴承梳齿迷宫密封中O形密封圈的磨损量对泄漏量影响很大,O形密封圈必须选用耐磨性能好的材料,并控制泵轴摆度以减小O形密封圈的磨损量;在正常运行情况下梳齿迷宫密封的泄漏量远大于端面密封,因此要保证足够的排漏水能力,以免因排漏水不畅造成导轴承浸水。