共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
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《光学精密工程》2020,(7)
运动学标定是提高并联机构精度的重要途径。采用与辨识雅可比矩阵相关的可观测性指标最大化的方法选择测量位姿,可以提高并联机构运动学标定对传感器测量噪声的鲁棒性。辨识雅可比矩阵是并联机构位移和姿态的函数,但位移和姿态对应的辨识雅可比矩阵中的元素的数量级不同,导致所选测量位姿的位移和姿态对测量噪音的鲁棒性不同。因此,本文提出先对辨识雅可比矩阵进行无量纲化,再通过可观测性指标选择测量位姿,保证位移和姿态对测量噪音具有相同的鲁棒性,进而提高标定精度。通过数值算例,3种测量噪音下该方法标定的结构参数精度相对于传统方法均有大幅提高,分别由1.007 5,0.100 9,0.010 1 mm提高到0.033 7,0.033 7,0.003 4 mm;该方法标定的位置精度相对于传统方法基本不变,但姿态精度有大幅提高,分别由0.015 2°,0.003 3°,0.000 15°提高到0.003 3°,0.000 3°,0.000 033°。以该方法选取的测量位姿对Stewart并联机构进行标定试验,标定前后位置和姿态的误差均值分别从2.321 mm和0.246°降至0.242 mm和0.025°,有效地提高了位姿精度。 相似文献
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针对高功率激光物理装置中的靶自动准直实验平台,提出了一种基于三路显微视觉的高精度靶位姿控制方法。该方法采用基于图像的显微视觉控制策略,通过对送靶机构的主动运动控制,实现了图像雅可比矩阵的在线自标定;利用增量式PI控制方法对送靶机构进行控制,实现靶的快速定位及姿态调整。本文对比了基于图像的显微视觉控制和之前研究中所提出的基于位置的显微视觉控制两种方法。其中,基于图像的控制方法靶的定位误差为0.07μm,姿态调整误差为0.02μrad;而基于位置的控制方法靶的定位误差为0.16μm,姿态调整误差为0.07μrad。实验结果表明:基于图像的显微视觉控制方法对系统中的运动学误差、视觉标定误差等因素具有较好的鲁棒性,靶定位及姿态调整的精度高且稳定性好。 相似文献
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利用三个面阵电荷耦合元件(charge-coupled device,CCD)构成的靶准直传感器实现柱状腔靶高精度姿态检测时,靶准直传感器中CCD封装误差等因素的存在会给柱状靶姿态检测及定位带来不确定影响,针对此,提出了靶准直传感器的标定模型与实验方法。将直径为0.8mm的微型球靶作为检测参考目标,利用微型球靶在靶准直传感器中不同位置时CCD上成像的图像点来构建位置矩阵,利用位置矩阵,通过归一化线性优化方法求解表示CCD位姿关系的单应性矩阵,通过单应性矩阵修正因靶准直传感器封装误差给柱状靶姿态检测带来的影响。考虑到利用图像检测方法提取微型球靶中心点位置时误差的存在,在构建的位置矩阵中加入均值μ=0、方差σ=0.5的高斯噪声,模拟检测点位置误差对单应性矩阵求解的影响,分析结果显示位置误差对单应性矩阵中各个参数影响较小,从而证明了该优化方法求解单应性矩阵的鲁棒性。为验证靶准直传感器对腔靶姿态检测的准确性,实验以0.02°的步距角绕X轴旋转柱状靶,利用靶准直传感器检测柱状靶姿态变化并与实际的姿态变化进行对比分析,实验结果显示最大误差小于0.009°,证明了修正方法的可行性。 相似文献
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基于球杆仪检测信息的并联机构运动学标定 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
由于并联构型装备难于实现全闭环反馈控制,使运动学标定成为一项具有显著经济价值并能非常有效提高并联构型装备精度的手段,运动学标定通常包括误差建模、测量、辨识和补偿4个环节。基于以上因素,以5自由度混联机械手TriVariant为对象,研究一种基于球杆仪检测信息的运动学标定方法。首先建立球杆仪测量值与影响末端可补偿位姿误差的几何误差源的映射关系,并给出可辨识条件。在此基础上,以误差参数辨识矩阵条件数为评价指标,探讨合理设置球杆仪安装位置和数目的方法。最后,计算机仿真和试验验证了所提出方法的可行性和有效性,并指出仍然需要解决的若干问题。 相似文献
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《光学精密工程》2021,(4)
鉴于工业机器人的精度性能无法满足高端制造领域的要求,研究了机器人定位精度提升方法,阐述了基于位姿微分变换的运动学误差模型和基于坐标误差传递的运动学误差模型的构建方法,提出了一种基于BAS-PSO算法的运动学参数辨识方法,并通过实验对比分析了不同运动学误差模型的精度。实验结果表明,基于BAS-PSO算法辨识后TX60机器人的平均综合位置/姿态误差分别从(0.312 mm,0.221°)降低为(0.093 8 mm,0.044 2°);而基于正运动学模型直接辨识后机器人的平均位置误差和平均姿态误差分别为0.097 5 mm和0.098 6°。本文提出的BAS-PSO算法具有较好的辨识精度和收敛速度,直接利用正运动学模型辨识的机器人运动学参数具有更好的辨识稳定性和精度。 相似文献
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一类带冗余支链并联机器的运动学自标定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用冗余支链测量信息,对一类带冗余支链并联机器的运动学参数进行自标定。通过矢量闭环微分法,建立冗余支链运动学误差模型,并通过多个位姿处误差传递矩阵的组合,得到自标定的辨识雅可比矩阵。针对部分运动学参数误差辨识性差的问题,提出一种基于辨识雅可比矩阵各列线性相关性分析的辨识性分析方法,得到可辨识的运动学参数误差线性耦合式,并简化误差辨识方程使辨识性提高。最后利用冗余支链角度编码器测量信息,完成一个4RRR冗余并联机器的运动学自标定,仿真结果显示,基于冗余支链的运动学自标定能有效提高冗余支链和机构终端运动精度。 相似文献
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提升多轴机器人逆运动学的求解精度与速度是保证机器人轨迹规划与实时控制性能的基础,也是机器人领域密切关注的难题。提出一种高精度、高效率地求解3至6R串链机器人逆运动学的方法。首先,将用于描述机器人位置与姿态的旋转变换阵与单位四元数采用半角正切的形式表达,建立与关节角度无冗余的机器人位姿方程。其次,分析Dixon结式求解多元高阶多项式的方法,将其应用于求取3R与一般6R机器人的逆运动学解析解。利用多项式环的特性处理矩阵,能够有效避免计算奇异性的产生。通过分析以矢量表达的Dixon矩阵,消去矩阵中的一些无效项,降低矩阵的阶数,避免阶次组合爆炸问题的发生。仿真实例表明,任意可达姿态下,6R机器人的逆运动学解一般能达到8组,这一多解的性能提升机器人的灵巧度。一般6R机器人逆解的单次计算时间不高于4ms,位置及姿态误差(相对)均小于10-15,验证所提出的逆解方法的实时性和精密性。本文所做工作为精密操作机器人的运动学研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Manoj Kumar Lohumi Aas Mohammad Irshad Ahmad Khan 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2012,26(12):4041-4046
The problem of isomorphism among kinematic chains and their derived mechanism has been a hot area of research from last several years. The researchers so far have proposed many methods which are mainly based on characteristic polynomial and some code based methods to test the isomorphism among kinematic chains. In this present communication a hierarchical clustering based computerized method is proposed for the above said problem and it is tested for planar kinematic chains upto twelve links without any counter examples. In this method a hierarchical clustering algorithm is also developed for the identification of distinct mechanism derived from kinematic chains. In this method kinematic chains are represented in the form of weighted squared shortest path distance matrix and this matrix is further transformed in the form of tree or dendrogram with the help of hierarchical clustering algorithm. This algorithm directly gives the number of distinct mechanism derived from a given kinematic chain. The cophenetic correlation coefficient of dendrogram is used as an index for isomorphism identification among kinematic chains. The proposed method is efficient and accurate and only one matrix for a given kinematic chain is developed for the determination of distinct mechanisms. This method is successfully examined for one degree of freedom, 6, 8, 10, 12 links planar kinematic chains, 9 links two degree of freedom and 10 links three degree of freedom planar kinematic chains. The computer algorithm for the proposed method has been proposed which can easily be converted into a computer program. These results are useful for designers to detect isomorphism in mechanisms derived from kinematic chains and duplication among kinematic chains. 相似文献
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Jing Shi Yuhan Wang Gang Zhang Han Ding 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2013,66(9-12):1879-1889
Friction stir welding (FSW) has recently emerged as a solid-joining technology for high-strength aluminum alloys and light metal welding. The large axial force to be maintained between the welding tool and workpiece is the primary requirement of FSW process, which has also been a great obstacle to the design and application of FSW in manufacturing. Further complicating the issue is the need to perform FSW over three-dimensional contours, which requires a mechanism dexterous enough to set the stir pin used in welding to track a predefined trajectory with prescribed poses. Apart from the position specification, the design of a dexterous mechanism to pose the orientation of stir pin is a great challenge. This paper proposed the application of 3-PRS (P, R, and S standing for prismatic, revolute, and spherical joint, respectively) parallel mechanism as a welding tool head and employed it to form a five-axis welding machine tool for FSW. In order to accommodate the orientation capability requirements, the kinematic feature has been analyzed. With the dimensionless treatment of the Jacobian matrix of 3-PRS manipulator, a global condition index is proposed to estimate the kinematic dexterity in the whole orientation workspace. Finally, by means of an optimal design method and performance atlas, optimal designs of the 3-PRS parallel mechanism is carried out. A preferable set of optimized geometric parameters are obtained to achieve a compact and dexterous design, and the optimization results are used in development of a prototype machine for FSW. 相似文献
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An automated arc spray tooling system for rapid die-making of large-sized automobile body panels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
He Zhong-yun Lu Bing-heng Wang Yi-qing Hong Jun Tang Yi-ping 《Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering in China》2006,1(2):209-214
A creative robot wrist consisting of link mechanisms and a novel robot motion control method based on the cross-sectional
vector contours of an STL-formatted model was proposed. By using the wrist and the control method, an industrial robot with
five degrees of freedom for rapid tooling using metal arc spraying and electric brush plating techniques was developed. The
wrist of the robot including a specially designed link mechanism can maintain the position of the spraying point on the surface
of the master pattern whatever the orientation of the gun. Therefore, the kinematic nonlinear coupling between the position
mechanism and orientation mechanism in a traditional robot can be avoided. The only input of the control system is the STL-formatted
3D CAD model of the pattern. Without the need of any manual programming, the metal arc spraying and brush plating (if necessary)
processes can be performed automatically and efficiently after receiving the 3D CAD data of the pattern. Using this robot
system in new car development and trial production, the cost and lead-time can be reduced substantially as compared with the
conventional tool making method.
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Translated from Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2004, 38 (11) (in Chinese) 相似文献