快速成形制造中零件制作方向优化ASP工具研究与开发

对快速成形零件制作方向优化问题进行了研究 ,分析了零件制作方向对零件制作质量和制作效率的影响机理 ,针对快速成形制作过程中的变形、台阶效应、过固化现象以及制作时间问题 ,提出了快速成形零件制作方向优化的准则 ,建立了制作方向优化多目标函数 ,提出了采用遗传算法对目标函数进行求解的具体方法。采用SunJ2EE结构体系开发了零件制作方向优化的ASP工具 ,并将该工具成功应用于RP&M网络化服务集成系统中。     

非线性规划在激光快速成型制作方向优化中的应用

在激光固化快速成型中，零件的制作方向直接影响看零件的制作精度和制作时间。这里综合考虑零件制作过程中的变形、台阶效应、过固化和制作时间等因素，提出了制作方向优化模型。并使用逐步搜索法、步长加速法、单纯形法和遗传算法对模型进行了优化运算，并通过实验对优化的结果进行了验证。     

基于有限元的光固化快速成形中零件变形研究

以光固化快速成形过程中的零件变形为研究对象,详细分析了收缩力产生的根源及其作用原理,根据树脂固化时必然产生的收缩及层累加的特点,提出了收缩力、面分布载荷的概念;根据零件在成形过程中结构变化的特点,提出时变刚度的概念。基于此,建立了零件成形过程中的力学模型,利用有限元法分析了零件变形的趋势,揭示了成形过程中零件变形的本质问题。通过试验研究了零件的变形问题,试验结果证明了理论分析的正确性。由此提出了改进扫描工艺的分区域扫描策略,显著的减小了成形过程中零件的变形,提高了成形零件的精度。     

Build orientation determination of multi-feature mechanical parts in selective laser melting via multi-objective decision making

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a unique additive manufacturing (AM) category that can be used to manufacture mechanical parts. It has been widely used in aerospace and automotive using metal or alloy powder. The build orientation is crucial in AM because it affects the as-built part, including its part accuracy, surface roughness, support structure, and build time and cost. A mechanical part is usually composed of multiple surface features. The surface features carry the production and design knowledge, which can be utilized in SLM fabrication. This study proposes a method to determine the build orientation of multi-feature mechanical parts (MFMPs) in SLM. First, the surface features of an MFMP are recognized and grouped for formulating the particular optimization objectives. Second, the estimation models of involved optimization objectives are established, and a set of alternative build orientations (ABOs) is further obtained by many-objective optimization. Lastly, a multi-objective decision making method integrated by the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution and cosine similarity measure is presented to select an optimal build orientation from those ABOs. The weights of the feature groups and considered objectives are achieved by a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Two case studies are reported to validate the proposed method with numerical results, and the effectiveness comparison is presented. Physical manufacturing is conducted to prove the performance of the proposed method. The measured average sampling surface roughness of the most crucial feature of the bracket in the original orientation and the orientations obtained by the weighted sum model and the proposed method are 15.82, 10.84, and 10.62 μm, respectively. The numerical and physical validation results demonstrate that the proposed method is desirable to determine the build orientations of MFMPs with competitive results in SLM.     

快速成型制作的时间分析及多零件制作的组合布局优化研究

由于快速成型系统的运行成本很高,需要研究缩短零件的制作时间和减小制作成本的方法。基于SOUP600GH光固化成型机,介绍了零件具体的制作过程和制作时间组成,分析了零件制作方向、分层厚度以及激光扫描速度等因素对优化制作效率的影响。通过10组多零件制作实验,对每组单个零件的平均制作时间进行分析对比,指出了多个零件同时制作对提高制作效率的显著作用,进而主要从减少辅助制作时间的角度研究了多零件制作组合布局优化的准则和方法,并用矩形包络简化布置的方法建立了二维布局优化的数学模型。研究表明,多零件制作及其组合布局优化对提高快速成型的制作效率和降低制作成本都具有重要意义。     

基于离散点云直接映射STL文件的建模技术

随着计算机技术的发展,反求工程技术和快速原型技术的结合日趋紧密,纯复制的反求工程已不再适应市场发展的需要,在产品的设计和制造阶段都需要具备创新环节的反求工程技术的支持。提出综合优化的方法：对扫描后获取的离散扫描点进行平面的三角剖分及环域间的三角剖分,生成STL文件格式,并结合环域划分风格的特点,使用最小权和最小内角最大化相融合的方法,实现二维优化：当二维坐标释放到空间后会破坏三角形形状,影响模型的质量,用增加点的方法,得到三维优化后的原产品模型的STL文件格式。在布尔运算的基础上,通过对反求模型的三角网格进行任意叠加和任意截取,产生新产品的STL文件格式;对新产品进行总体形状控制、过渡圆角处理等空间优化工作,最终实现新产品创新,缩短了产品的开发周期,降低了开发成本。     

Optimization of stereolithography process parameters for part strength using design of experiments

Rapid prototyping (RP) is an emerging technology that has been implemented in many spheres of industry – particularly in the area of new product development. Growth of this field has been rapid in recent years. Stereolithography (SL) is one of the most popular RP process used for rapid tooling applications. There are several process parameters contributing to the strength of an SL product. The contribution of three parameters; namely, layer thickness, post curing time and orientation are most significant. In light of this concern, an attempt has been made to study and optimize these process parameters for maximum part strength, and develop an empirical relationship between process parameters and part strength through design of experiments (DOE). The proposed DOE is verified with the data of experiments conducted under standard conditions.     

Determination of optimal build direction in rapid prototyping with variable slicing

Several important factors must be taken into consideration in order to maximize the efficiency of rapid prototyping (RP) processes. The ability to select the optimal orientation of the build direction is one of the most critical factors in using RP processes, since it affects part quality, build time, and part cost. This study aims to determine the optimal build-up direction when a part is built with the variable layer thickness for different RP systems. The average weighted surface roughness (AWSR) that is generated from the stair stepping effect, the build time, and the part cost using the variable layer thickness are all considered in the process. Using the multi-attribute decision-making method, the best orientation is determined among the orientation candidates chosen from the convex hull of a model. The validity of the algorithm is illustrated by an example. The algorithm can help RP users select the best build-up direction of the part and create an efficient process planning.     

基于Web的可重构制造资源优化配置平台研究

针对网络化制造中的资源动态快速重组问题,提出了基于物理制造单元的制造资源信息建模,以该模型建立了网络化、分布式制造资源库;研究了面向CAPP的制造资源预配置及其实现方法;研究了以时间、质量、成本为约束的制造资源优化配置及其实现方法.     

光固化快速成形中激光扫描方法的研究

在光固化立体造型技术中，激光的扫描方式及扫描策略对原型的精度影响很大，而原型精度的丧失主要表现在由层间收缩力所引起的翘曲变形。深入研究了激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距等因素对固化深度，固化线宽的影响，在此基础上实现和改进了二次曝光法并用实验证明了此方法的有效性。     

大型零件光固化快速成型工艺研究

光固化原型制作过程中存在的主要问题是变形和表面台阶效应.为此,基于零件光固化成型的变形规律,分析了零件的层片截面类型及其变形特性.针对零件制作的变形问题,从制作方向、支撑结构和抗变形辅助结构3个方面研究了抗变形工艺,并据此研究了大型零件的分割拼合技术.最后,通过制作实例的分析,验证了大型零件分割制作和拼合技术的可行性.     

Limit requirements simulation of sundial solar tracking machine

Sundial solar tracking machines are machines that tracking the sun,and can promote sunshine receiving efficiency of solar panels.Their operations are strongly influenced by wind load.Previous studies w...     

Correction of sensor's dynamic error caused by system limitations

The method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) integrated with functional link articial neural network (FLANN) for correcting dynamic characteristics of sensor is used to reduce sensor's dynamic...     

光固化快速成形过程中树脂固化零件变形的数值模拟

根据光固化快速成形过程中的零件变形机理及薄板小挠度温度应力理论,详细分析板状零件成形的翘曲变形,得到光固化快速成形过程中树脂相变收缩的力学等效模型,给出板状零件在成形过程中的时变刚度表达式、光固化等效相变收缩力与树脂材料常数间的关系式。结合力学等效模型利用有限元软件ABAQUS对双层板状零件和桥式零件的成形过程进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行对比,结果表明数值模拟结果与试验结果相当一致,从而可实现成形零件实际变形的可预测性,也可为改进工艺、提高成形零件的精度提供理论支持和量化依据。     

基于临界约束的四轴数控加工刀轴优化方法

针对自由曲面四轴加工中复杂刀具运动导致的干涉和刀具运动不连续等现象,提出一种基于临界约束的刀轴优化方法。基于刀具与工件约束曲面之间的相对位置关系,利用曲线上的点搜索算法确定切触点处的临界刀轴矢量,并计算当前切触点刀轴摆动的可行域;以切削行内所有切触点的刀轴可行域为基础,建立当前切削行内无干涉且相邻刀轴变化最小的刀轴矢量优化模型,实现了自由曲面四轴加工无干涉刀轴矢量的光顺控制。整体叶盘四轴加工试验表明,利用此方法获得的刀轴矢量可以显著改善机床运动的连续性,并避免刀具干涉的产生,提高了加工质量。     

The development of a CAD environment to determine the preferred build-up direction for layered manufacturing

Stereolithography is a process used to produce polymer components rapidly directly from a computer representation of the part. There are several factors to be considered in order to make efficient use of the process. In particular, the build-up orientation of the part critically affects the part accuracy, the total build time and the volume of the support structures. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal build-up part orientation for the StereoLithography Apparatus (SLA) process to improve part accuracy, and minimise the total build time and the volume of the support structure. Additionally, an algorithm is developed to calculate the staircase area, quantifying the process errors by the volume of materials supposed to be removed or added to the part, and the optimal layer thickness for the SLA system which can handle the variable layer thickness. Thus, the optimal part orientation is determined based on the user's selections of primary criteria and the optimal thickness of layers is calculated for any part orientation.     

Determination of optimum SLA process parameters of H-shaped parts

A model was proposed for optimization of stereolithography (SLA) process parameters to achieve the minimum shrinkage of H-shaped parts. A neural network was designed to correlate the input parameters to dimensional error of the parts manufactured by SLA. For this purpose, the data of a previous study from the literature was used that investigated the effect of three important parameters (layer thickness, hatch overcure and hatch spacing) of the SLA process by measuring the H-shaped parts manufactured by SLA 250. Then, the neural network model was imported into two optimization algorithms (genetic algorithm and simulated annealing) and the optimal values were determined. Results showed that the combination of neural network and optimization algorithms could determine the optimal input parameters for the minimum shrinkage with good accuracy.     

弱刚度工件夹紧顺序与夹具布局的同步优化

针对弱刚度工件在定位、夹紧过程中易变形的问题,建立了夹紧顺序与接触力及节点位移增量之间关系的数学模型,给出了各夹紧步骤中工件夹具系统的静力平衡方程;在此基础上,根据最小余能原理及库仑摩擦定律,构建了装夹方案优化模型,提出了基于遗传算法的夹具布局与夹紧顺序同步优化方法。算例结果表明,该方法有效降低了由于装夹所引起的工件变形。提高了加工精度。     

基于产品功能特征模型的方案智能设计关键技术及应用研究

研究了基于产品功能特征模型(FCM)计算机辅助方案智能设计的实现技术，以仪表电子类产品为应用对象，建立了方案智能设计系统的结构模型，给出了FCM的定义和基于FCM的方案设计过程。针对功能模块组合方案优化问题的复杂性，研究了基于遗传算法的功能结构方案推理机模型的实现技术，结合仪表产品设计开发应用实例，验证了模型的有效性。     

基于Grassmann流形和投影群的目标跟踪

针对现有的基于线性空间的目标跟踪方法对于跟踪经历大幅度非平面位姿变化的目标容易发生跟踪偏移的问题,利用李群空间的非线性特性,提出了基于Grassmann流形和投影变换群(SL(3)群)的双模视频目标跟踪算法。运用Grassmann流形状态空间的内蕴几何特性,建立目标表观模型,采用SL(3)群建立目标的几何形变模型,将目标的状态变化看作是流形上的点沿着测地线移动,设计双模粒子滤波算法完成目标跟踪。基于流形上的测地线距离度量提出目标特征空间更新策略,确保特征空间的准确性。实验结果表明,该算法对目标在经历大幅度非平面的几何形变、光照变化及部分遮挡情况下,都能够实现稳定的跟踪。