SiC含量和热压烧结温度对AlN-SiC复相陶瓷材料导热性能的影响

采用热压烧结工艺制备了AlN-SiC复相陶瓷材料,用XRD、SEM和激光导热仪等研究了SiC加入量和烧结温度对复相陶瓷材料导热性能的影响.结果表明:当质量分数在20%～75%范围内,随着SiC含量的增加,复相陶瓷材料的热导率逐渐增大,最大热导率达到了88.92 W·m-1·K-1;进一步增加SiC的含量,复相材料的热导率又呈现下降趋势,当SiC质量分数为80%时,热导率降到了42.70 W·m-1·K-1;当SiC质量分数为20%时,随着烧结温度的升高(1 800～1 950℃),复相陶瓷材料的热导率逐渐上升,从42.15 W·m-1·K-1增加到68.41 W·m-1·K-1.     

硅渣和玻璃粉直接烧结制备多孔材料的气孔结构与力学性能

以硅渣和玻璃粉为原料,采用粉体直接烧结法制备多孔材料,研究了烧结温度(700~900℃)、烧结时间(15~120min)和升温速率(10~100℃·min^-1)对多孔材料表观密度、气孔率、物相组成、抗压强度的影响。结果表明:气孔结构均匀性随烧结温度的升高而降低;表观密度随烧结温度的升高先减小后增大,随保温时间的延长而增大,随升温速率的增大而减小,气孔率的变化趋势与表观密度的相反;多孔材料的主要物相为玻璃相和硅、SiC、SiO2、Ca2Al2SiO7等结晶相,且结晶度随烧结温度的升高而降低;抗压强度随烧结温度的升高呈先增大后减小的趋势;当烧结温度为750℃,升温速率为30℃·min^-1,烧结时间为30 min时,多孔材料的主晶相为硅和Ca2Al2SiO7,抗压强度最大(1.60MPa),表观密度为0.43g·cm^-3,气孔率为80%。     

金刚石/Cu-Ni 热沉微观组织及热物理性能研究

金刚石/铜复合材料具有密度低、强度高及热膨胀系数可调等优点,但金刚石与铜的润湿性差,界面热阻大,导致金刚石/铜复合材料热导率低。文中以铜镍合金为基体,采用放电等离子烧结工艺制备金刚石/铜复合材料,研究Ni 的质量分数和混粉方式对金刚石/铜复合材料组织和热物理性能的影响。结果表明：随着Ni元素质量分数的增加,金刚石/铜复合材料的热导率先增大后减小,当Ni 的质量分数为0.5% 时,热导率最高为210.63 W/(m?K),且金刚石在Cu 基体中分散均匀,界面结合较紧密,说明Ni 元素的加入对改善金刚石和Cu 之间的润湿性有明显的促进作用, 而对其力学性能影响不大;在混粉方式方面,普通球磨方式下试样的热导率最高达到244.91 W/( m?K),无磨球混粉和球磨后热处理方式下试样的维氏硬度达到了200,比普通球磨方式下的硬度高出32.5%。     

反应烧结制备AlON-AlN复相陶瓷及其性能

以AlN和Al2O3为原料、Y2O3为烧结助剂,在氮气气氛下无压反应烧结制备了AlON-AlN复相陶瓷;用XRD及SEM等方法对复相陶瓷的物相组成和显微结构进行了表征;研究了烧结温度、Al2O3及Y2O3加入量对复相陶瓷的烧结性能、力学性能和热导率的影响。结果表明:在1 650~1 800℃范围内反应烧结可以得到AlON-AlN复相陶瓷;其抗弯强度和热导率均随着烧结温度的升高先增大后减小,分别在1 750℃与1 700℃时达到最大值(378 MPa,38 W.m-1.K-1);随着Al2O3加入量的增加,复相陶瓷的抗弯强度先增大后减小,当Al2O3加入量为30%时达到最大值,其热导率则随着Al2O3加入量的增加呈明显下降趋势;随着Y2O3加入量的增加,抗弯强度不断增大,而热导率则先增大后减小,在Y2O3加入量为3%时达到最大值41 W.m-1.K-1。     

两面顶技术低温超高压烧结AlN陶瓷的研究

研究了掺杂不同质量分数的Y2 O3的AlN陶瓷在超高压状态下烧结的第二相组成和微观结构。研究表明 ,Y2 O3是有效的低温烧结助剂 ,在低温超高压烧结下 ,掺杂不同比例烧结助剂的AlN陶瓷的第二相均为Al5Y3O12 ,在 4 .4× 10 3MPa ,15 0 0℃ ,1h的实验条件下 ,超高压烧结AlN陶瓷有着较好的微观结构 ,热导率可达到 130W /(m·K)。     

反应烧结制备AION-AIN复相陶瓷及其性能

以AlN和Al2O3为原料、Y2O3为烧结助剂,在氮气气氛下无压反应烧结制备了AlON-AlN复相陶瓷;用XRD及SEM等方法对复相陶瓷的物相组成和显微结构进行了表征;研究了烧结温度、Al2O3及Y2O3加入量对复相陶瓷的烧结性能、力学性能和热导率的影响.结果表明:在1 650～1 800℃范围内反应烧结可以得到AjON-AlN复相陶瓷;其抗弯强度和热导率均随着烧结温度的升高先增大后减小,分别在1 750℃与1 700℃时达到最大值(378MPa,38 W·m-1·K-1);随着Al2O3加入量的增加,复相陶瓷的抗弯强度先增大后减小,当Al2O3加入量为30%时达到最大值,其热导率则随着Al2O3加入量的增加呈明显下降趋势;随着Y2O3加入量的增加,抗弯强度不断增大,而热导率则先增大后减小,在Y2O3加入量为3%时达到最大值41 W·m-1·K-1.     

烧结温度对粉末冶金低合金钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用行程限制法将1300WB低合金钢粉压制成型并在不同温度下烧结制备了低合金钢,研究了烧结温度对其显微组织、微观形貌、密度、压溃强度和硬度的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度升高,试样中孔隙的数量减少、尺寸减小,孔隙由连通状变得独立封闭,且孔形状由不规则形向球形转变;较低温度烧结试样的显微组织由珠光体、铁素体和渗碳体组成,随烧结温度升高,珠光体数量增多,试样的显微组织变均匀;试样的密度、压溃强度和硬度均随烧结温度升高而增大。     

Y2O3-Al2O3对热压复合陶瓷Si3 N4/(W,Ti)C 性能及组织的影响

Y2O3-Al2O3为复合烧结助剂,以(W,Ti)C为增韧补强材料,制备了Si3N4基复合陶瓷材料.研究了Y2O3和Al2O3的配比、体积分数对Si3N4/(W,Ti)C力学性能、致密化进程和烧结性能的影响.结果表明两者配比为23、总体积分数为10%时,可以获得较高的致密度和较好的烧结性能,材料力学性能最好,抗弯强度845MPa,显微硬度16.45GPa,断裂韧度7.0MPa·m1/2.     

Si3N4/(W,Ti)C复合陶瓷材料的制备及力学性能研究

采用热压烧结工艺制备了 Si3N4 /( W,Ti) C复合陶瓷材料 ,并对材料的配方及烧结工艺进行了优化。研究表明 ,材料中 ( W,Ti) C的体积分数为 35 %时 ,可以获得良好的力学性能 ,抗弯强度为 845 MPa,显微硬度达到 1 6.45 GPa,断裂韧性达到 7.0 MPa· m1/2。研究过程中采用 XRD、SEM分析了材料的微观结构及组分变化 ,研究了烧结条件对材料性能的影响机理 ,结果表明 ,材料致密度的提高和显微组织的改变是其力学性能提高的根本原因     

选区激光熔化成形W-Ni-Cu的成形工艺及热物理性能

为了研究W-Ni-Cu合金选区激光熔化技术(SLM)直接成形工艺及其热物理性能,设计了以激光功率、扫描速度、扫描线长度、搭接率为变量的工艺实验,研究各参数对致密度的影响,采用SEM、热分析仪、差式扫描量热仪、热-机械分析仪研究合金的微观组织、导热率与热膨胀系数。结果表明:选择合理的优化工艺参数,W-Ni-Cu(SLM)成形致密度最高达到94.5%;微观组织为难熔相W发生了桥接与团聚,基体相CuNi呈网络状包裹于W相周围;测试试样所加载热流平行于烧结成形方向时,导热系数与热膨胀系数分别是120.314 0W/(m·K)及7.16×10~(-6)/K,加载热流方向垂直于烧结成形方向时,导热系数与热膨胀系数分别是99.257 2W/(m·K)及7.02×10~(-6)/K。不同方向成形测试件导热系数和热膨胀系数的差异是由难熔相W在CuNi相中的分布以及孔隙数量决定的。采用选区激光熔化成形技术可以成形性能较好的W-Ni-Cu合金。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.