非对称坡面腔底无阀压电泵

提出了一种新型的非对称坡面腔底无阀压电泵,这种泵巧妙地利用了泵腔内部的空间,将泵腔底部沿吸入口和排出口方向设计成非对称坡面形状,非对称坡面腔底与压电振子之间形成非对称交替排列的一组锥形流道.当泵工作时,使流体产生单向流动,从而可以不再需要传统的锥形流管;建立了这种泵关于平均值的流阻系数与泵流量关系的力学模型,并利用该模型分析了泵的工作原理;最后制作了非对称坡面腔底无阀压电泵,利用试验证明了上述理论的正确性.试验用泵采用的工作电压为220 V,工作频率为50 Hz,压电振子有效直径为30 mm,当非对称坡面的倾角差为70°,工作介质为水时,泵产生了4.67 mm水柱的压差.     

非对称坡面腔底无阀压电泵流场分析

无阀压电泵需要外接用于产生单向流动流管,阻碍了压电泵的微小型化,针对这一缺点提出了非对称坡面腔底无阀压电泵,该压电泵将用于产生单向流动的部件——非对称坡面集成于泵腔的底部。对非对称坡面腔底无阀压电泵进行了计算机建模,基于商用Fluent12软件运用自定义函数(user defined functions,简称UDF)对压电振子运动形式进行了模拟;采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型对瞬态N-S方程进行了求解,分析了泵腔内流场;得出了从20°到70°不同坡面角度下的平均流量,在坡面角为20°时,可以得到最大平均流量为0.864 ml/min,并通过流量测量试验测得该泵的最大流量达到了8.6 ml/min。从仿真和试验的角度验证了该泵的可行性。     

基于CFD柴油机进气系统防爆栅栏结构优化设计

进气系统防爆栅栏作为防爆柴油机重要的组成设备,可有效防止发动机进气系统带来的爆炸危险发生。根据防爆要求,对柴油机进气防爆栅栏进行设计。基于CFD仿真分析柴油机进气系统的压力云图和温度云图;对圆柱形进气栅栏进行结构分析和流场分析;根据压力和温度云图,将进出口圆管分别加大一倍,再改为渐扩管阻火器的结构和性能研究,分别对120°、127°、134°、141°渐扩角进行分析;获得压力损失、出口流量与渐扩角之间关系;基于防爆柴油机试验台,对不同的优化方案下柴油机功率进行对比分析,以获取最优设计。结果可知:进气阻火器占整个进气系统压力损失的94.2%;当渐扩角134°时,压力损失随着渐扩角的增加而降低,流量随之增加;当渐扩角≥134°时,压力损失随着渐扩角的增加而上升,流量随之减小;在试验所测的转速范围内,渐扩角进气防爆栅栏的柴油机功率随损失最小,比原方案高15%,这说明改进方案是有效的,所以改进进气防爆栅栏的结构来减少进气阻力对于改善柴油机的经济性动力性是十分必要的。     

3D打印的锥管坡面腔底无阀压电泵

为提高无阀压电泵的流量特性和解决泵加工工艺性差的问题,研制出了锥形流管坡面腔底无阀泵。首先,提出并设计了锥形流管坡面腔底无阀泵,分析了该泵的工作原理;然后,利用ansys软件对泵腔内流场做了模拟分析,分析结果表明该泵具有传输流体的能力;最后,利用3D打印技术制作了锥形流管坡面腔底无阀泵,并对泵的频率-流量特性进行了试验,驱动频率为8Hz时,锥形流管坡面腔底无阀泵的流量达到最大值26.8ml/min,比相同尺寸坡面腔底无阀压电泵在相同驱动电压条件下输出的最大流量增加了18.6%。试验结果表明,锥形流管坡面腔底无阀泵的流量特性优于坡面腔底无阀压电泵,且采用3D打印技术制作压电泵,提高了泵加工的工艺性,缩短了加工周期,降低了加工成本。     

双腔串联两阀与三阀压电泵的性能研究

研究了双腔串联两阀压电泵与三阀压电泵的输出性能,分析了这两种泵的结构和工作原理,理论分析得出:三阀泵输出性能优于两阀泵。设计制作了两阀泵与三阀泵实验样机,并通过实验测试证明了理论分析的正确性。分别对两阀泵和三阀泵进口腔和出口腔独立工作时流量输出进行了实验测试,并把进口腔和出口腔独立工作时输出流量相加之和,与两腔一起交叉工作时进行了比较。实验测试表明:两阀泵和三阀泵样机在200 V交流驱动电压下,最大输出流量分别 为972 ml/min和1 035 ml/min,最大输出压力分别为28.7 kPa和40 kPa,最大自吸高度分别为0.41 m和0.43 m水柱高。     

开式泵控非对称缸负载容腔独立控制耦合特性

为解决闭式泵控非对称缸系统的流量不对称的问题,设计了开式泵控非对称缸负载容腔独立控制系统,并针对其非对称缸两腔采用不同控制算法时的参数耦合问题进行研究。以位置-压力组合控制为例,建立该系统数学模型并分析其耦合特性,进而提出位置前馈补偿解耦方法。基于600kN开式泵控油压机实验平台,验证其耦合及解耦特性。结果表明：在位置正弦扰动下,当频率分别为1Hz、1.25Hz时,位置前馈补偿算法对其耦合作用的抑制率分别为16.4%和14.8%。     

FSAE方程式赛车进气系统设计

研究分析S.FSAE方程式赛车进气总管的渐缩角与扩张角、稳压腔的容积大小以及进气歧管的内径与长度对充气效率的影响关系。结合CATIA软件绘图、FLUENT软件对赛车进气系统进行流场分析,运用GT-POWER软件仿真试验得出优化数据。分析结果得出进气总管的渐缩角为18°、扩张角为6°、进气歧管的长度为180mm、稳压腔体积为2.9L时进气效果最优。     

非对称高速气动伺服阀的研究

介绍了一种新型非对称气动伺服阀.该阀作为硬件补偿,实现了气动系统下降时间与上升时间相同的快速响应特性.研制成的非对称气动伺服阀阀芯,在正反方向同等的阀位移时,下游节流口的通流能力为上游节流口的两倍.试验结果表明,非对称伺服阀频率响应带宽达200 Hz,阶跃响应上升时间达1 ms.对称阀的名义流量范围为 191至-171 NL/min,非对称阀的名义流量范围扩大为 191至-337 NL/min.理论分析结论和实验结果相吻合.     

宽转速摆线泵空化及流量输出特性研究

主动减震系统摆线泵工作转速范围宽，最高达6000 r/min,随着转速的变化，摆线泵密封容积腔、吸油口极易产生空化现象，进而影响摆线泵流量输出特性。提出了一种结构紧凑型动力单元，基于摆线泵宽转速运行工况，研究不同转速下摆线泵最小密封容积腔、吸油流道气相体积分数变化规律。研究结果表明：当摆线泵转速为1000 r/min时，最小密封容积腔含气率50%附近的区域占比大，当转速为6000 r/min时，最小密封容积腔含气率90%附近的区域增加明显；摆线泵工作在2000 r/min时，入口加压0.5 MPa气相体积分数最大为0.018,入口为大气压时的气相体积分数最大为0.1,当转速增加至6000 r/min时，入口加压能够有效控制吸油流道气相体积分数，改善摆线泵流量输出特性。     

航空旋涡泵的研究现状及发展方向

介绍了航空旋涡泵的结构及工作原理,总结了该泵的优点和应用.从工作原理、结构参数对该泵性能的影响、设计理论、内部流动和实验研究等方面论述了国内航空旋涡泵的研究现状,并指出了当前国内航空旋涡泵所存在的问题及发展方向.     

Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of valveless piezoelectric pump with unsymmetrical ridges

A novel valveless piezoelectric pump with unsymmetrical ridges is presented at first. It ingeniously utilizes the inner space of its chamber by developing its chamber bottom into unsymmetrical ridges along the direction of the inlet and outlet of the pump. Hence, a series of cuneiform channels are asymmetrically and alternately formed between the unsymmetrical ridges and the piezoelectric vibrator, which enables the pump to form a one-way flow instead of the function of the traditional diffuse or nozzle elements fitted outside the chamber. Then, by analyzing the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator, the vibration deformation function and the equation of volume change are established. Meanwhile, the theoretical equation of the pump flow rate is established. Finally, a real valveless piezoelectric pump with unsymmetrical ridges is manufactured, and the flow rate of the pump is measured through experiments. It is proved that the theory is rational and correct by comparing the experimental flow rate and the theoretical flow rate. In addition, for calculating the theoretical flow rate, the positive and converse flow resistance coefficients of unsymmetrical ridges are measured through experiments, when one slope angle of the unsymmetrical ridges is 90° and another is changing from 20° to 60°, respectively.     

Design and analysis of a double superimposed chamber valveless MEMS micropump

The newly designed micropump model proposed consists of a valveless double chamber pump completely simulated and optimized for drug delivery conditions. First, the inertia force and viscous loss in relation to actuation, pressure, and frequency is considered, and then a model of the nozzle/diffuser elements is introduced. The value of the flowrate obtained from the first model is then used to determine the loss coefficients starting from geometrical properties and flow velocity. From the developed model IT analysis is performed to predict the micropump performance based on the actuation parameters and no energy loss. A single-chamber pump with geometrical dimensions equal to each of the chambers of the double-chamber pump was also developed, and the results from both models are then compared for equally applied actuation pressure and frequency. Results show that the proposed design gives a maximum flow working frequency that is about 30 per cent lower than the single chamber design, with a maximum flowrate that is 140 per cent greater than that of the single chamber. Finally, the influences of geometrical properties on flowrate, maximum flow frequency, loss coefficients, and membrane strain are examined. The results show that the nozzle/ diffuser initial width and chamber side length are the most critical dimensions of the design.     

双斜盘阀配流轴向柱塞式液压电机泵配流特性和变量原理的研究

提出一种有别于常规阀配流泵的"斜盘转动而缸体不动"而采用缸体和配流阀一起旋转的双斜盘阀配流轴向柱塞式液压电机泵。建立该泵配流机构的数学模型,研究各种结构参数和工作参数对配流特性的影响,尤其是配流阀芯所受离心力对配流特性的影响。以仿真模型和得出的单个柱塞腔的压力响应曲线和输出流量曲线为基础,研究该类型泵流量脉动和侧向力脉动的特点,得出随着泵的工作转速增加,流量脉动和侧向力脉动都增大,当柱塞数量足够多时,柱塞数量的奇偶性在影响流量脉动上没有明显的区别,偶数个柱塞比奇数个柱塞产生的侧向力脉动要大。提出一种新型的阀配流轴向柱塞泵的变量调节方式,并研究该变量方式的原理和调节特性。样机泵的试验结果表明该泵的工作原理可行,进而展望双斜盘阀配流轴向柱塞式液压电机泵的应用前景。     

微型压电泵中腔高对气泡滞留的影响规律

气泡滞留会严重地损害微型压电泵的输出性能,因此减少气泡滞留将有效地提高压电泵系统的稳定性和可靠性。泵腔作为气泡滞留的主要区域,同时是决定输出性能的重要元素,所以改变腔高将对气泡滞留产生重要的影响。本文从气泡压力降和输出压力两个方面建立数学模型,以此分析腔高对气泡滞留的影响规律,最后通过气泡滞留实验进行验证。实验结果表明,腔高为0.15mm时,压电泵具有优良的输出性能和排气泡能力,在进入120个0.02mL气泡后,压电泵仍具有稳定的输出压力(8.1kPa)和输出流量(4.2mL/min);腔高为0.05mm和0.20mm时,压电泵在进入一个气泡后即丧失了工作能力,排气泡能力差,而腔高为0mm和0.10mm时,压电泵分别进入47和70个气泡后丧失了工作能力。实验表明选取合理的腔高可以有效地减少气泡的滞留。     

Theoretical analysis and experimental verification on valve-less piezoelectric pump with hemisphere-segment bluff-body

Existing researches on no-moving part valves in valve-less piezoelectric pumps mainly concentrate on pipeline valves and chamber bottom valves, which leads to the complex structure and manufacturing process of pump channel and chamber bottom. Furthermore, position fixed valves with respect to the inlet and outlet also makes the adjustability and controllability of flow rate worse. In order to overcome these shortcomings, this paper puts forward a novel implantable structure of valve-less piezoelectric pump with hemisphere-segments in the pump chamber. Based on the theory of flow around bluff-body, the flow resistance on the spherical and round surface of hemisphere-segment is different when fluid flows through, and the macroscopic flow resistance differences thus formed are also different. A novel valve-less piezoelectric pump with hemisphere-segment bluff-body （HSBB） is presented and designed. HSBB is the no-moving part valve. By the method of volume and momentum comparison, the stress on the bluff-body in the pump chamber is analyzed. The essential reason of unidirectional fluid pumping is expounded, and the flow rate formula is obtained. To verify the theory, a prototype is produced. By using the prototype, experimental research on the relationship between flow rate, pressure difference, voltage, and frequency has been carried out, which proves the correctness of the above theory. This prototype has six hemisphere-segments in the chamber filled with water, and the effective diameter of the piezoelectric bimorph is 30mm. The experiment result shows that the flow rate can reach 0.50 mL/s at the frequency of 6 Hz and the voltage of 110 V. Besides, the pressure difference can reach 26.2 mm H20 at the frequency of 6 Hz and the voltage of 160 V. This research proposes a valve-less piezoelectric pump with hemisphere-segment bluff-body, and its validity and feasibility is verified through theoretical analysis and experiment.     

离心泵后泵腔内液体压力数值分析与验证

离心泵轴向力的大小与泵腔内压力分布密切相关,而试验测量轴向力成本较高,因此采用数值模拟展开泵腔内压力分布规律研究,并提出简便的试验测量轴向力方法显得格外必要。利用数值模拟计算,在0.6 Q_(sp)~1.2Q_(sp)工况下,研究离心泵后泵腔压力沿轴向、径向、切向分布规律,绘制后泵腔压力在0°、90°、180°、270°及压力均值沿径向分布曲线,得出后泵腔轴向力大小,推导两种近似计算泵腔轴向力公式,提出简便的试验测量泵腔轴向力方法,并将后泵腔压力模拟结果与试验结果对比,验证模拟结果的真实可靠性。结果表明:同一流量工况点,后泵腔压力沿轴向保持不变,沿径向随半径增大而增大。流量越大,后泵腔压力沿切向分布越具有轴对称性,沿径向增大越均匀。后泵腔轴向力两种公式计算结果与数值计算结果相对误差极小,后泵腔区域压力均值与其径向几何中心处压力均值大小相等。在试验测量离心泵泵腔轴向力时,只需要测量泵腔沿180°径向中心处压力值,便可近似求得泵腔区域轴向力大小。     

基于自激振荡脉冲效应的雾化喷嘴出口流道空化特性研究

喷嘴结构及射流运动参数对液体空化流动状态有重要影响。基于空化泡溃灭的雾化机理和自激振荡脉冲喷嘴出口流道空化过程,分析空化效应对自激振荡脉冲射流雾化效果的影响。依据自激振荡脉冲雾化喷嘴结构,分析射流来流速度和脉动压力对喷嘴出口流道空化效应的影响,提出利用来流雷诺数和脉动特征值表征喷嘴出口流道空化程度,并根据自激振荡脉冲喷嘴有限元分析得到喷嘴出口流道较好空化状态的来流雷诺数和喷嘴腔室长径比。研究结果表明:当来流雷诺数在2.14×10~5~3.05×10~5内逐渐增大时,自激振荡脉冲雾化喷嘴出口流道液相体积分数先减小后增大,相应的空化程度先增大后减小。雷诺数在2.44×10~5~2.75×10~5内可以使喷嘴出口流道形成较好空化效应,尤其在2.44×10~5附近时喷嘴出口流道出现最好的空化状态;脉动特征值与喷嘴出口流道处脉动压力幅值差成正比,随着自激振荡脉冲雾化喷嘴腔室长径比增大,脉动压力幅值差值先减小后增大。当喷嘴腔室长径比为0.60~0.70时,喷嘴出口流道空化状态较好。计算结果为自激振荡脉冲射流雾化喷嘴设计提供了理论依据。     

离心泵泵腔液体压力分布理论计算及验证

准确描述泵腔液体压力分布是研究叶轮盖板力的核心研究问题,也是泵研究领域中的难题。建立泵腔液体流动模型并提出基本假设,将泵腔液体流动视为轴对称二维黏性层流运动,采用数量级比较法,对泵腔液体运动的Navier-Stokes方程简化,并进行积分求得Navier-Stokes方程的近似解析解,推导出设计工况下泵腔液体压力数学模型。在该数学模型计算中,引入势扬程修正系数,解决了泵腔入口液体压力的计算问题,并给出具体确定方法。以IS80-50-315型离心泵为研究对象,在不同叶轮平衡孔直径下,对设计工况下前后泵腔液体压力进行测试和理论计算,对比分析结果表明,两者结果较为一致。还采用2个典型的泵腔液体压力测试实例,进一步验证了设计工况下泵腔液体压力数学模型的可靠性。该研究成果是对经典泵腔液体压力计算公式的补充与完善。     

Analysis and modeling of a two-phase jet pump of a thermal management system for aerospace applications

Jet pumps are devices capable of pumping fluids to a higher pressure by inducing the motion of a secondary fluid employing a high-speed primary fluid. The main components of a jet pump are a primary nozzle, secondary fluid injectors, a mixing chamber, a throat, and a diffuser. The work described in this paper models the flow of a two-phase primary fluid inducing a secondary liquid (saturated or subcooled) injected into the jet pump mixing chamber. The model is capable of accounting for phase transformations due to compression, expansion, and mixing. The model is also capable of incorporating the effects of the temperature and pressure dependency in the analysis. The approach adopted utilizes an isentropic constant-pressure mixing in the mixing chamber and at times employs iterative techniques to determine the flow conditions in the different parts of the jet pump.