起重机轨道测量激光光斑中心识别与定位算法

在轨道测量装置中,激光光斑中心检测算法的精度和速度直接影响轨道测量效果,传统的中心算法如灰度质心法、Hough变换等在检测精度或速度上存在不足。文中提出了一种基于高斯积分曲线拟合的光斑中心定位算法,在光斑降噪、特征增强的图像预处理基础上,插值拟合光斑灰度曲面,进行边缘计算、追踪及细化,得到光斑的像素级边缘点,计算其法向等距线及高斯积分拟合点,并通过贝塞尔曲面拟合其对应灰度值,再采用高斯积分曲线拟合得到亚像素级边缘点,对亚像素边缘点进行圆拟合方法最终确定光斑中心点。与灰度质心法、Hough变换椭圆中心法相比,此算法的拟合精度较高,抗干扰性好,达到了实验室环境下轨道测量的精度要求。     

基于高斯积分曲面拟合的亚像素边缘定位算法

针对现有亚像素边缘定位算法存在精度不高、计算复杂的问题,提出一种基于高斯积分曲面拟合的亚像素边缘定位算法。根据单边阶跃状边缘特征,构建边缘法截线的高斯积分模型,在确定边缘过渡带的基础上,将拟合曲面区域内的像素点信息转化为边缘曲线的活动坐标,并对转化后的像素点坐标与灰度值按照高斯积分模型进行拟合,准确定位图像的亚像素边缘。采用所述视觉测量系统,用量块直线边缘进行实验,并与传统高斯曲面拟合亚像素边缘定位算法比较,证明基于高斯积分曲面拟合的亚像素边缘定位算法具有较高的定位精度,一等量块的直线度误差在1μm以内,计算速度提高一倍。采用该算法确定亚像素边缘时,可通过修正高斯积分模型的均值,有效补偿光源强度造成的误差。本算法可以应用于齿轮等高精度机械零件的测量。     

基于高斯分布的星像点精确模拟及质心计算

为提高星敏感器仿真系统的精度,提出了基于高斯规律的模拟星像点的灰度扩散方法和高斯质心提取算法.按照二维高斯分布规律置灰度值来模拟星像点像素,对称中心是映射坐标而不是取整的中心像素坐标,以便准确模拟实际星像点散焦及像差导致的灰度扩散.高斯质心提取亚像素定位过程包括像素粗定位和偏差精定位两个步骤,基于高斯规律建立了一个分段函数实现偏差精定位.在星像点噪声为N(0, 1.22)的仿真条件下,整个偏差区间[-0.5,0.5)pixel内高斯质心定位标准差为0.007 pixel,远小于灰度重心法的0.041 pixel和加权灰度重心法的0.026 pixel,而3种方法对模拟星图的处理结果一致.仿真实验表明:模拟星像点高斯灰度扩散法是合理准确的,而高斯质心提取算法简单精确,精度高于传统灰度重心法.     

基于高斯曲面拟合的亚像素边缘检测算法

提出了一种基于高斯曲面拟合的亚像素边缘检测算法.该算法首先使用传统Canny算子进行边缘像素级的粗定位,再以粗定位边缘像素为中心取5x5窗口获取梯度幅值,对其进行高斯曲面拟合,在梯度方向上寻找局部极值点,从而达到边缘亚像素级的精细定位的效果.文中介绍了算法的理论依据,给出推导过程,并用螺旋测微器的标准间隙进行实例分析,...     

基于非极大值抑制的圆目标亚像素中心定位

圆形目标在基于图像的测量系统中应用广泛,针对圆目标中心的高定位精度和快速提取的要求,提出了一种基于非极大值抑制的亚像素中心定位方法.该方法利用Sobel算子进行边缘检测,通过改进非极大值抑制方法获取连续细化的边缘,实现了像素级边缘定位,采用Zernike正交矩对边缘点进行亚像素级定位,并用最小二乘法进行二次拟合来获取精确的标志点的中心坐标.仿真图像和实测图像的实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和准确性,其定位精度可以达到0.02像素,通过测试算法的运行时间,证明该算法具有很好的实时性.     

改进canny算子的亚像素定位算法

为了提高亚像素边缘定位精度,减小定位误差,提出了一种改进的canny边缘检测算子用来检测图像的像素级边缘,之后基于改进的canny算子粗定位的边缘点,采用高斯拟合亚像素方法找出图像的亚像素边缘点位置。针对微小的圆形零件进行图像采集及图像处理,通过matlab实验仿真将该方法与传统的canny算子相比较,发现误定位明显减少,在保留边缘信息的同时有效的提高了边缘定位的精度,得到更准确的圆心位置及半径长度。结果表明是一种有效的边缘检测定位算法,具有一定的实用意义。     

基于视觉图像的二次曲线特征参数精密测量方法

为了满足视觉检测中对二次曲线参数(圆或椭圆)高精度测量要求,提出了一种基于视觉图像的二次曲线特征参数精密测量方法.该方法利用变结构元广义形态学边缘检测算法对图像中的二次曲线进行初始边缘定位,充分提取图像边缘细节信息的同时抑制图像噪声的影响.在亚像素图像处理中,基于Zernike矩边缘检测算法计算出的边缘参数,提出了对二次曲线特征进行亚像素边缘定位的边缘检测算法,建立了曲线边缘点与边缘参数之间的映射关系.利用检测出的二次曲线亚像素边缘点数据,通过定义的数据点分布优化的参数拟合算法,可以计算出二次曲线的特征参数.实验结果表明:该方法稳定性好且实时性强,定位不确定度优于0.03像素,可实现二次曲线特征参数的精密测量.     

视觉测量中椭圆特征亚像素提取方法的研究

椭圆是视觉测量中重要的基元特征。建立了三级灰度图像边缘模型的空间矩算子,利用LOG算子定位速度快的特点,确定图像像素级边缘,然后在包含边缘点的邻域内利用空间矩进行边缘的亚像素定位,由随机Hough变换提取椭圆边缘像素点,最后采用基于最小二乘原理的椭圆拟合边缘提取方法,得到亚像素级被检测椭圆。对像面椭圆亚像素提取算法的有效性和精度进行了实验研究,实验结果表明提出的基于空间矩亚像素边缘定位算法与像面椭圆亚像素提取算法具有较高的精度和稳定性。     

图像测量中快速边缘亚像素定位研究

研究了一种图像测量中边缘点的快速亚像素定位的方法,采用先阈值分割再边缘提取进行粗定位,确定边缘点的像素级精度位置和边缘的方向,沿边缘点的边缘方向拓展像素,得到一定长度的灰度值向量,对向量进行处理实现边缘的亚像素定位。分别采用三次多项式拟合法、二次曲线拟合法和灰度矩法三种亚像素定位算法进行了理论分析和实验对比,结果表明,灰度矩算法具有较短的运行时间和较高的定位精度。     

基于改进Zernike矩的小模数齿轮亚像素边缘检测

针对传统Zernike矩亚像素边缘检测算法中奇数尺寸模板卷积的不对称性,在分析卷积不对称性和卷积窗口中心局限性对检测精度影响的基础上,提出一种改进的Zernike矩亚像素边缘检测算法。算法采用像素级边缘检测算子进行初定位,获取像素级边缘点;利用小尺寸奇数模板求解Zernike矩进行二级初定位,获取亚像素级边缘点;分析二级初定位边缘点所在区间;根据所在区间,选取偶数模板或者奇数模板求解Zernike矩进行精定位,获取更精确的亚像素级边缘点。为了验证算法的有效性,分别对模拟图像和实际图像进行亚像素边缘检测实验。根据齿轮的边缘特性,通过最小二乘拟合法评价算法对齿轮图像的检测效果。实验结果表明,该算法具有绝对定位精度高、抗噪性能强、曝光敏感度好的优点。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...