河南省预包装食品营养标签标示现况调查

目的了解河南省预包装食品营养标签、营养声称、营养成分功能声称的标示状况。方法采集预包装食品标签图片,建立数据库进行数据录入,依据国标判定其正确和规范性,用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学分析。结果共调查9类1 031份预包装食品,标示营养标签的有970份,标示率为94.08%;进行营养声称的有49份,营养声称率为4.75%,声称频次较高的营养素是钙、铁、锌、膳食纤维、维生素。结论河南省预包装食品大部分都能按照《预包装食品营养标签通则》要求标示营养标签,但标示准确度和规范性还不够。有关部门应继续加强营养标签的监管和宣教工作。     

基于国际经验完善我国食品声称管理的建议

随着经济社会的快速发展以及科学技术水平的不断提升,广大人民群众的生活日益改善,对营养健康的需求不断增强。现阶段,我国主要通过食品标签向消费者提供食品营养信息和特性,然而由于食品声称相关管理制度尚待完善,不规范声称的现象时有发生,严重影响了群众对我国食品安全的满意度和信任感。本文系统梳理了国际食品法典委员会和部分国家、地区关于食品声称管理的具体要求,并与我国食品声称现行管理制度进行比较分析。在此基础上结合我国国情,提出对我国食品声称管理的建议。     

食物健康声称——PASSCLAIM的确证标准

食品、食品成分与机体健康的关系最终体现在食品标签与健康声称的联系上.为了确保食物声称的科学性和正确性,健康声称必须进行科学的评估和确证,因此对欧洲PASSCLAIM评价食品声称的科学依据以及评估标准进行了介绍,以期为我国的食物健康声称管理提供借鉴.     

食物健康声称——PASSCLAIM的确证标准

食品、食品成分与机体健康的关系最终体现在食品标签与健康声称的联系上。为了确保食物声称的科学性和正确性,健康声称必须进行科学的评估和确证,因此对欧洲PASSCLAIM评价食品声称的科学依据以及评估标准进行了介绍,以期为我国的食物健康声称管理提供借鉴。     

抗性淀粉的健康声称

摘要:健康声称是对食物或食物成分与健康之间关系的说明,分为营养素功能声称、强化功能声称、降低疾病危险性声称、结构功能声称、中国式保健功能声称,我国目前健康声称只有营养素功能声称和中国式保健功能声称两种。2011年欧盟食品安全管理局颁布与抗性淀粉(高直链玉米淀粉RS2)有关的强化功能声称有三个,分别为降低餐后血糖反应、有助于消化和有助于结肠内物质代谢,而我国还没有展开抗性淀粉健康声称的相关研究。本文就四种类型抗性淀粉的生理功能进行综述,并对潜在的健康声称进行探讨,旨在为其今后的研究提供参考。     

食品健康声称的现状与展望

健康声称是对食物或食物成分与健康之间关系的说明,分为营养素功能声称、其他功能声称和降低疾病危险性声称。对国际组织及有关国家健康声称的法规标准状况,健康声称的要求,健康声称的影响以及未来的发展趋势进行综述。     

食用油营养研究进展与健康声称管理现状

随着人们消费观念的变化与食用油种类的增加,食用油的营养价值受到越来越多的关注。本文综述了食用油营养成分研究进展,包括脂肪酸类营养成分和微量营养成分,以及中国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰、日本等国家和地区的食用油健康声称管理法规标准现状,综合分析影响食用油健康声称的因素。建议我国应加强食品标签声称规范标准体系建设,立足食品与健康的综合关系,全面考量食品整体营养价值,这对消费者合理选择食用油以及提高健康意识具有重要意义。     

日本健康相关食品的分类与管理

在国家大健康战略背景下,我国保健食品产业将面临巨大的发展机遇,目前正在调整保健食品管理的相关政策与法规,而日本有相对成熟、先进的食品管理体系,值得我国借鉴与参考。因此,本文介绍了日本在推进健康相关食品分类发展方面的进展与措施,重点介绍健康辅助食品、特定保健用食品、营养素功能食品、功能性标识食品等健康相关食品及健康声称的管理,为今后我国在健康与健康声称食品的分类管理、保健食品健康声称的分类审批与管理等方面制定和完善相关政策与法规提供参考,更好地推进我国保健食品产业的持续稳定发展。     

营养素补充剂广告宣传现状调查及其健康相关信息分析

目的:了解营养素补充剂广告宣传与传达健康相关信息的现况。方法:在对健康相关信息进行人群调查的基础上,对SFDA网站上2009年营养素补充剂广告的健康相关信息提炼、评分,并对健康相关信息进行人群调查,进行描述性统计分析。结果:营养素补充剂广告得分以3-4分的广告数量最多,占总数的43.86%;广告数量较多的以维生素C、维生素E和钙为活性物质的营养素补充剂广告评分的平均分分别为4.94、4.61和4.61;健康相关信息出现在广告中的频率居前4位的依次是"功效成分"、"剂型"、"适宜人群"和"营养素功能声称或健康声称"。结论:营养素补充剂广告宣传所传达的健康相关信息的整体水平有待进一步提高。     

澳大利亚营养、健康声称和管理对我国相关工作的启示

从健康声称定义与分类、法律依据、管理模式等方面,系统介绍了澳大利亚营养、健康声称及相关管理情况,并通过与我国营养、健康声称及相关管理特点进行分析比较,尝试获得对我国食品标签声称的启示并提出政策性建议,以期为相关主管部门及有关标准研究者提供借鉴与参考。     

Nutrition and Health Claims as Marketing Tools

European regulations mandate that only substantiated and approved statements can be used as nutrition- and health-related claims in food marketing. A thorough understanding of consumer perceptions of these approved claims is needed to assess their impact on both the purchase intention of functional foods and the development of innovative functional food concepts. In this paper, a conceptual framework on the European consumers’ perception of nutrition and health claims on these functional foods is proposed. Through a literature review, common independent variables are structured, and an analysis of these variables shows that nutrition and health claims are mostly only perceived positive by specific target consumers (who need the product, accept the ingredient, understand the benefit, and trust the brand). These consumers indicate that the products with substantiated and approved claims help them in reaching overall health goals. This increased expectation in functional efficacy may mediate an increase in repurchase intent, overall liking, and the amount consumers are willing to spend. Other consumers, however, may have adverse reactions towards nutrition and health claims on functional foods. Implications for the consumer and the industry are discussed.     

Opportunities for product innovation using authorised European Union health claims

For authorisation of a health claim in Europe, applicants must follow the procedures in the legislation and in the guidelines for submission of a dossier, as well as the guidance in the European Food Safety Authority's opinions on the scientific requirements for health claims. In addition to the authorised functional benefits of the vitamins and minerals, certain foods and food constituents offer beneficial physiological effects that extend beyond traditionally accepted nutritional effects. The elucidation of these effects is becoming more important, as reflected by the increasing amount of nutrition research and number of product innovations. Provided that they are scientifically substantiated, health claims linked to food and food supplement products can help consumers make well‐informed food choices. The present review focuses on scientific substantiation and consumer understanding of health claims, and it aims to help those involved in academic research, food product development and consumer education about food and health.     

The influence of health claims and nutritional composition on consumers’ yoghurt preferences

The use of health claims on foods with a poor nutritional composition could pose a risk of misleading some groups of consumers in their food choices. This study aimed to explore the influence of the use of claims on consumers’ preferences for yoghurts with a different nutritional composition and the influence of more and less familiar claims on food choices. The study was conducted on 371 consumers using conjoint methodology and further cluster analysis. Fruit yoghurt was used as a base product. We investigated the impact of the following product attributes on consumers’ preferences: presence/absence of a probiotic and fat metabolism claim; sugar content; and fat content. The results suggest that, while consumers generally consider the nutritional composition of yoghurt to be more important than the tested claims, some groups of consumers are more sensitive to the use of health-related statements. We observed the consumers’ generally positive preference for a familiar probiotic claim, and their negative preference for a non-familiar fat metabolism claim. Overall, these results indicate that some groups of consumers are more sensitive to the use of health-related communications and are therefore more exposed to the risk of being misled if the composition of the yoghurt they buy is in fact less favourable. It would be beneficial if nutrient profiles were introduced to limit the use of claims on foods.     

Assessing Herbal Products with Health Claims

Herbs, herbal extracts, or phytochemicals are broadly used as foods, drugs, and as traditional medicines. These are well regulated in Europe, with thorough controls on both safety and efficacy or validity of health claims. However, the distinction between medicines and foods with health claims is not always clear. In addition, there are several cases of herbal products that claim benefits that are not scientifically demonstrated. This review details the European Union (EU) legislative framework that regulates the approval and marketing of herbal products bearing health claims as well as the scientific evidence that is needed to support such claims. To illustrate the latter, we focus on phytoecdysteroid (PE)-containing preparations, generally sold to sportsmen and bodybuilders. We review the limited published scientific evidence that supports claims for these products in humans. In addition, we model the in silico binding between different PEs and human nuclear receptors and discuss the implications of these putative bindings in terms of the mechanism of action of this family of compounds. We call for additional research to validate the safety and health-promoting properties of PEs and other herbal compounds, for the benefit of all consumers.     

The role of time constraints in consumer understanding of health claims

The growing market for healthy foods has contributed to increased interest in communicating the health-related benefits of food products. Health claims are becoming an increasingly used instrument to communicate such benefits. In the European Union, consumer understanding of health claims was set as condition for use in order to protect consumers against misleading claims. However, consumer understanding has received little attention compared to consumer perceptions of claims. Consumers only have limited time in a normal shopping situation, which can impact the meanings they attach to claims. This study’s aim was to examine the effect of time constraints on consumer understanding of health claims and the potential link between understanding and intention to buy. A survey conducted among respondents in Denmark (N = 1483) used a time constraint manipulation and varied the health claim shown to respondents when assessing consumer understanding. The results showed that consumers’ objective understanding is lower under time constraint. Specific inferences were associated with increased intention to buy. Implications for public policy and food industry are discussed.     

Dissecting qualified health claims: evidence from experimental studies

This paper reviews recent consumer studies evaluating comprehension of a novel form of food labeling, qualified health claims, now permitted by FDA. The joint goals of qualified health claims are to encourage firms to make accurate, science-based claims about the health benefits of their products while helping consumers prevent disease and improve their health through sound dietary decisions using enhanced nutrition information. This paper examines whether consumers can differentiate between multiple levels of health claims and determines if a front label visual aid helps consumer understanding. Results of experimental consumer attitude studies are presented which suggest that people do not perceive significant differences between the three levels of qualified claims and traditional (unqualified or SSA) health claims. An additional experiment suggests that a visual aid (report card) may be an important device to help consumers distinguish between the levels of health claims. However, thought-listing data suggests that consumers use the report card to draw inferences about overall product quality rather than the strength of scientific evidence supporting the health claim. Implications of these findings for the future regulatory oversight and marketing of functional food products are discussed.     

Comparison of requirements for using health claims on foods in the European Union,the USA,Canada, and Australia/New Zealand

Nutrition is recognized as one of the leading factors influencing the growing incidence of noncommunicable diseases. Despite society experiencing a global rise in obesity, specific populations remain at risk of nutrient deficiencies. The food industry can use health claims to inform consumers about the health benefits of foods through labeling and the broader promotion of specific food products. As health claims are carefully regulated in many countries, their use is limited due to considerable investments required to fulfill the regulatory requirement. Although health claims represent a driving force for innovation in the food industry, the risk of misleading of consumers need to be avoided. The health claim scientific substantiation process must be efficient and transparent in order to meet the needs of companies in the global market, but should be based on strong scientific evidence and plausible mechanisms of actions, to ensure highest level of consumer protection. The objective of this review is to compare the possibilities for using health claims on foods in the European Union, the USA, Canada, and Australia and New Zealand. In particular, we focused on differences in the classification of claims, on the scientific substantiation processes and requirements for health claims use on foods in the selected regions. Reduction of disease risk (RDR) claims are associated with relatively similar procedures and conditions for use, whereas several notable differences were identified for other types of claims. In all cases, RDR claims must be approved prior their introduction to the market, and only a few such claims have been authorized. Much greater differences were observed concerning other types of claims.     

Some like it healthy: Can socio-demographic characteristics serve as predictors for a healthy food choice?

Authorising new health claims in Europe will favour the diffusion on the market of a greater number of foods with health claims. This scenario presents new opportunities to promote healthy food choices and launches new challenges to define strategies aimed at promoting products on the market. The literature suggests that our understanding of consumers’ sensitivity to health claims is still fragmented and should be further investigated. Our objective is to study the relationship between choice behaviour, attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics in order to evaluate the effectiveness of consumer characteristics in predicting consumers’ choice of products with health claims. Towards this end, we have conducted a choice experiment for extra-virgin olive oil on a sample of Danish (n = 1024) and Italian (n = 1000) consumers. Applying the latent class approach has enabled us to identify a niche of individuals sensitive of health claims and to characterise them with respect to the rest of the population. The results supply insights for the development of more targeted health promotion campaigns, as well as for actions in food marketing.     

Are Front of Pack Claims Indicators of Nutrition Quality? Evidence from 2 Product Categories

American grocery shoppers face an array of front of pack (FOP) nutrition and health claims when making food selections. Such systems have been categorized as summary or nutrient specific. Either type should help consumers make judgments about the nutrition quality of a product. This research tests if the type or quantity of FOP claims are indeed good indicators of objective nutrition quality. Claim and nutrition information from more than 2200 breakfast cereals and prepared meals launched between 2006 and 2010 were analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression models. Results suggest that no type or number of front of pack claims could distinguish “healthy” foods. However, some types and frequencies of FOP claims were significant predictors of higher or lower levels of certain key nutrients. Given the complex and crowded label environment in which these FOP claims reside, one may be concerned that such cues are not closely related to objective measures of nutrition quality.