植物油脱色研究进展

脱色是油脂精炼的一个主要环节。脱色的目的在于去除色素、微量金属、皂粒、胶质、残留农药和其它的杂质。本文介绍了几种常见的脱色方法：吸附脱色、化学脱色、酶法脱色及特殊法脱色。并探讨了吸附脱色对油脂性能的影响。     

印染废水的脱色处理

染色废水脱色,按其作用原理和技术特征分为吸附脱色、薄膜脱色、氧化—还原脱色、凝集脱色及其他脱色技术等处理方法,本文分别对各脱色处理方法的效果和发展趋势作了评述。     

玉米油脱色条件对生育酚含量影响研究

通过对脱色温度、脱色时间、脱色白土用量3个因素进行单因素及正交实验,研究脱色条件对玉米油生育酚含量的影响。结果表明:对生育酚含量影响的因素依次为脱色时间>脱色白土用量>脱色温度,当脱色时间为20 min,脱色白土用量为2.5%,脱色温度为105℃时,生育酚损失最少,损失率为9.3%,此时脱色油的色泽为Y35R3.2,色泽达到二级油标准。     

响应面法优化青海胡麻籽油脱色工艺

采用吸附脱色法对青海胡麻籽油进行脱色,并以波长665nm下脱色率为指标,分别研究了脱色温度、脱色时间、吸附剂添加量三个因素对胡麻籽油脱色效果的影响。在单因素基础上进行三因素三水平响应面优化设计。结果表明,胡麻籽油脱色工艺的优化条件为:脱色温度为71℃、脱色时间为23 min、吸附剂用量为4.3%,脱色率达到77.59%。     

响应面优化冷榨胡萝卜籽油吸附脱色工艺

本实验通过单因素和响应面法,研究了不同活性白土添加量、脱色时间和脱色温度对冷榨胡萝卜籽油脱色率的影响。研究表明:冷榨胡萝卜籽油吸附脱色的最佳工艺条件为活性白土添加量4%、脱色时间33 min、脱色温度62℃,在此条件下脱色率为68.33%,与理论脱色率68.49%接近,脱色后油脂澄清透亮,脱色效果良好。     

猪油脱色工艺的研究

对猪油脱色工艺的研究表明,干法炼制的猪油采用常规脱色工艺不能达到有效的脱色.采用二次碱炼,脱色工艺有较好的脱色效果;稀碱溶液洗涤可用于低酸值干法炼制猪油的辅助脱色;高温磷酸脱色对于干法炼制的猪油脱色效果最好,但操作条件较难把握.     

响应面法优化生物柴油的氧化脱色工艺

脱色环节是生物柴油精炼的一个重要部分。以废动植物油制备的生物柴油为脱色对象,通过氧化脱色研究了脱色剂种类、脱色剂用量、脱色温度、脱色时间、搅拌速度对生物柴油脱色率的影响。以脱色率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用中心组合试验设计及响应面法优化了生物柴油的脱色工艺。结果表明:过氧化苯甲酰的脱色效果最好,在脱色温度80.8℃、脱色时间45 min、过氧化苯甲酰用量为生物柴油质量的32.1%、搅拌速度200 r/min条件下,生物柴油脱色率达到45.31%。     

紫果西番莲果皮可溶性膳食纤维的脱色工艺研究

以脱色率、多糖保留率和蛋白脱除率为指标,通过静态吸附脱色试验,考察几种常见脱色剂和大孔树脂对西番莲果皮可溶性膳食纤维的脱色效果。结果表明常见脱色剂中双氧水氧化法脱色效果最佳,可快速的吸附色素物质,脱色1 h后,脱色率达60%以上。硅胶、硅藻土、颗粒活性炭、粉末活性炭4种脱色剂对西番莲果皮SDF脱色效果不明显,脱色率不高于20%。5种大孔树脂对西番莲果皮SDF的脱色效果差异较大,阴离子树脂D301R的脱色作用最为明显,4 h后脱色率达到稳定,此时的脱色率为60.65%,另外四种树脂的脱色效果较差。在综合考虑脱色率,多糖保留率,蛋白脱除率的基础上,大孔树脂普遍高于常规脱色剂的脱色评价指数(≤50%)。大孔树脂中,阴离子树脂D301R脱色效果最好。     

菜籽油复合脱色剂脱色工艺优化及其品质分析

运用紫外可见光分光光度计对油脂进行全波长扫描后,确定油脂脱色率测定波长。以537和612 nm波长下脱色率为指标,分别研究复合脱色剂脱色工艺中的脱色剂用量、脱色剂配比、脱色温度、脱色时间和搅拌速率5个单因素对脱色效果的影响,在单因素基础上,选取脱色剂用量、脱色温度和脱色时间,进行三因素三水平响应面法进行试验优化,并进行方差分析和模型拟合,在脱色剂用量3.4%、脱色温度100℃、脱色时间27 min时,脱色油复合脱色率达97.02%。对脱色油的基本理化指标进行测定后,分析可知,复合脱色剂脱色油酸价和磷含量明显低于活性白土脱色油,而前者维生素E含量、甾醇含量、脱色率和色泽等指标则高于后者,且后者油脂品质可达到国标一级菜籽油水平。     

基于模糊数学的造纸废水脱色效果评价方法

传统评价方法评价脱色技术单一,与造纸废水实际脱色率一致性低,提出基于模糊数学的造纸废水脱色效果评价方法。确定造纸废水脱色效果评价指标体系,采用模糊数学算法,构建造纸废水脱色效果评价模型,评价造纸废水脱色率、染料去除率和综合脱色效果。实验结果:评价不同脱色技术对造纸废水脱色率,研究方法评价结果较两组传统方法,与造纸废水实际脱色率,具有较高的一致性。     

原糖溶液电解脱色的研究

阐述了原糖溶液电解脱色过程的机理,并对电解原糖浆脱色进行了实验研究,考察电解时间、电流密度、温度、锤度等因素对原糖浆脱色的影响。结果表明,电解对原糖溶液具有显著的脱色效果,对40築x的原糖溶液脱色率可以达到90%以上。     

DSA电极反应脱色混合汁及其相关变化研究

阐述混合汁电解脱色过程机理，并对DSA电极电解混合汁脱色进行实验研究，考察电流密度、电解时间、温度、极间距、初始pH值等因素对混合汁脱色影响。结果表明，电解对混合汁具有显著脱色效果，一定条件下对16．5°Bx的混合汁脱色率可以达到70％以上。     

电化学法在食品工业的研究进展

电解对染料废水脱色效果明显,对食品农产品加工储藏中有害菌具有杀菌抑菌作用,在食品工业上是一个很有潜力的新技术。基于电解脱色杀菌过程机理的特点,对电化学脱色杀菌的研究进展情况进行介绍。     

水溶性染料的光催化还原法脱色

研究了水溶性染料在含硫和硼还原剂的作用下进行光催化还原法脱色。利用273型可见分光光度计测定其吸光度并计算脱色率。实验发现，光照可以提高染料的脱色率，加速反应的进行。染料的降解符合一级反应，光照条件下染料的反应速率常数明显大于无光照条件下的，并且其半衰期越小脱色率越高。     

Optimization of culture medium composition for manganese peroxidase and tyrosinase production during Reactive Black 5 decolourization by the yeast Trichosporon akiyoshidainum

Decolourization and degradation of the diazo dye Reactive Black 5 was carried out by the yeast Trichosporon akiyoshidainum. A nine-factor Plackett-Burman design was employed for the study and optimization of the decolourization process and production of manganese peroxidase (MnP) and tyrosinase activities. In the present study, 26 individual experiments were conducted and three responses were evaluated. Raising yeast extract concentration significantly enhanced decolourization and MnP production. Carbon and nitrogen sources, glucose and (NH4)2 SO4, showed no significant effect on any response over the concentration range tested. Other culture medium components, such as CaCl2 or MgSO4, could be excluded from the medium formula, as they had no effect on the evaluated responses. Metal ions (Fe, Cu and Mn) showed different effects on decolourization and enzymatic activities. Addition of copper significantly enhanced MnP activity and decreased dye decolourization. On the contrary, iron had a positive effect on decolourization and no effect on enzyme production. Oddly, increasing manganese concentration had a positive effect on tyrosinase production without affecting decolourization or MnP activity. These results strongly suggest that dye decolourization should be regarded as a complex multi-enzymatic process, where optimal medium composition should arise as a compromise between those optimal for each implied enzyme production.     

光照法青豆油脱色工艺的探讨与研究

以青豆毛油为原料,脱色率和色度值为指标,探讨A、B、C 3个不同波段的紫外灯和高压汞灯对青豆油脱色效果的影响,同时对影响光照脱色工艺的光照强度、光照时间、光照距离3个主要因素进行单因素试验及正交试验,得出该工艺的主要影响因素最佳操作条件。经过试验,选择高压汞灯为光源,光照强度为450 W、光照时间18 h、光照距离2 cm。该条件下得到的青豆油最大脱色率为96.81%。罗维朋黄色值为32、红色值为3.0,符合国家对二级大豆油色泽的规定。     

Biotransformation of malachite green by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 463

In recent years, use of microbial biomass for decolourization of textile industry wastewater is becoming a promising alternative in which some bacteria and fungi are used to replace present treatment processes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 463 decolourized the triphenylmethane dyes (malachite green, cotton blue, methyl violet and crystal violet) by biosorption, showing different decolourization patterns. However, malachite green decolourized by biosorption at the initial stage and further biodegradation occurred, about 85% in plain distilled water within 7 h, and about 95.5% in 5% glucose medium within 4 h, under aerobic conditions and at room temperature. Decolourization of malachite green depends on various conditions, such as concentration of dye, concentration of cells, composition of medium and agitation. HPLC, UV-VIS, FTIR and TLC analysis of samples extracted with ethyl acetate from decolourized culture flasks confirmed the biodegradation of malachite green into several metabolites. A study of the enzymes responsible for the biodegradation of malachite green in the control and cells obtained after decolourization showed the activities of laccase, lignin peroxidase, NADH-DCIP reductase, malachite green reductase and aminopyrine N-demethylase in control cells. A significant increase in the activities of NADH-DCIP reductase and MG reductase was observed in the cells obtained after decolourization, indicating a major involvement of reductases in malachite green degradation.     

树脂法同时脱除虫草粗多糖中色素与蛋白质

引入综合吸附效应指数反映树脂的脱色、脱蛋白以及多糖保留能力,并以该效应指数评价了8种树脂对虫草粗多糖的脱色、脱蛋白效果。结果表明,D113树脂具有理想的脱色、脱蛋白效果。在优化的静态吸附工艺条件下,D113脱色率可达79.5%±1.7%,脱蛋白率达82.2%±1.7%,多糖保留率达75.0%±1.8%。对D113树脂的动态吸附性能研究表明,流速为1.5BV/h,树脂床径高比为1∶15,树脂处理量为8.4mg/mL时,D113脱色率为85.1%±1.9%,脱蛋白率为85.0%±2.0%,多糖保留率为80.2%±2.2%。50%乙醇盐酸溶液以12BV/h流速洗脱1h后,树脂再生性能良好。     

榨季糖浆气浮工艺中使用壳聚糖絮凝剂的探讨

本文对榨季粗糖浆气浮工艺中使用壳聚糖絮凝剂进行了探讨,确定了最佳工艺条件。结果表明,壳聚糖的清净效果良好。     

碱法制浆中段废水的脱色处理

通过采用脱色絮凝剂JFD—01和PAC对中段废水进行处理,使处理后的废水色度和CODCr值都达到了新标准的排放要求。