牡蛎蛋白活性肽的分离及生物活性研究进展

牡蛎活性肽是海洋天然产物研究的重要组成部分,现代医学研究表明,牡蛎活性肽在抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血压、降血糖等方面具有特殊的生理活性。就牡蛎蛋白质酶解法制备活性肽的分离纯化技术、牡蛎活性肽的生物活性作用等研究进展进行概述,为牡蛎活性肽的深入研究提供参考。     

谷物蛋白质制备活性肽研究进展

对近年来国内外利用谷物蛋白质制备生物活性肽的研究情况进行了综述,总结了用作制备生物活性肽的谷物种类及生物活性肽的制备、分离纯化与鉴定方法,对谷物蛋白质制备活性肽开发前景进行了展望,以期引起对谷物蛋白质制备活性肽的关注.     

酵母活性肽及其应用的研究进展

生物活性肽是一类能对人体产生有益生理作用的肽类化合物,近年来,大量的科学实验证明其来源于一些有益人体健康的食物,并且能提供超出其营养价值的特殊活性。许多体外和动物实验已经证明,生物活性肽具有抗菌、抗氧化等活性。在生物活性肽的众多来源中,酵母菌分布广泛,繁殖快,酵母细胞中,蛋白质在酶的作用下水解得到酵母活性肽,具有显著的生理功能,如抗高血压,抗菌,抗氧化以及提高免疫力等。本文对酵母活性肽的制备、分离纯化方法、吸收机制、生理功能及其应用方面进行了综述,为酵母活性肽在食品领域的应用提供一定的参考依据。     

食品蛋白来源生物活性肽

生物活性肽是蛋白质功能片段经酶解产生具有特殊生理调节功能肽段。该文主要介绍降血压肽、高F值寡肽、酪蛋白磷酸肽、免疫活性肽、清除自由基活性肽等几种国内外广泛关注生物活性肽,并在此基础上对生物活性肽开发进行展望。     

喷雾干燥法制备牡蛎肽粉的体内抗氧化活性研究

研究喷雾干燥制备牡蛎肽粉对体内抗氧化活性的影响。以新鲜葡萄牙牡蛎为原料,通过选择性复合酶解后喷雾干燥制备牡蛎肽粉,分别测定小鼠丙二醛(MDA)、蛋白质羰基、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量等指标考察牡蛎肽粉对小鼠抗氧化活性的影响。结果显示,与模型对照组相比,经过喷雾干燥后的牡蛎肽粉不同剂量组均可极显著地降低小鼠血清丙二醛含量和蛋白质羰基含量(p0.01),并显著提高超氧化物歧化酶和还原型谷胱甘肽的含量(p0.01)。结果表明喷雾干燥制备的牡蛎肽粉具有良好的体内抗氧化作用。     

食源性生物活性肽结构特征与生理活性的研究现状与趋势

食源性生物活性肽的研究是目前国际上一个活跃的研究领域.生物活性肽的化学结构信息与其特定的生物活性存在密切联系,肽分子链中氨基酸的组成及序列信息对其生理活性有着重要的影响.食源性生物活性肽主要通过生物酶解技术来制备,而定向酶解控制技术是一个难点.因多数蛋白酶特异性不强,故导致产物活性不突出.同时,蛋白酶解物体系组成复杂(含多聚肽、寡聚肽、游离氨基酸甚至小分子蛋白质),使得生物活性肽的构效关系研究成为难点.本文重点综述了降压肽、抗氧化肤、降胆固醇肽、抗血栓肤、增强记忆肽、减肥肽等几大类生物活性肽的结构特征,就各类肽的生理活性与其氨基酸组成间的联系进行归纳,并对生物活性肽相对分子质量检测技术进行探讨,在此基础上提出本领域的重点发展方向.     

乳源生物活性肽研究进展

乳蛋白是人类膳食蛋白质的重要来源之一,乳蛋白在蛋白酶的作用下生成具有不同功能的肽,因其对人体生理功能潜在的调节作用得到了广泛的研究和关注。为了更好地了解乳源生物活性肽,文章从生物功能、制备方法以及质谱技术的应用等3个方面对乳源生物活性肽的最新研究进展进行了系统的综述。首先系统分析了目前已报道的具有血管紧张素转换酶抑制活性、免疫调节活性、抗氧化活性、抗菌活性和阿片活性等功能的乳源生物活性肽的功能、来源和构效关系;对乳源生物活性肽的制备方法及其优缺点进行了比较;最后对质谱技术在乳源生物活性肽筛选、磷酸化乳源肽和糖基化乳源肽的鉴定等方面的最新应用进展进行了梳理。     

生物活性肽的功能特性

针对生物活性肽的功能特性,介绍了神经肽、抗高血压肽、抗血栓肽、抗癌多肽和抗菌多肽等生理活性肽,抗氧化肽、表面活性肽和味肽等食品感观营养肽,叙述了生物活性肽的制备途径,并对我国活性肽研究进展作了介绍.     

超高压技术在蛋白质改性和活性肽制备中的应用研究进展

生物活性肽可以从植物、动物、海洋资源中获得,其具有多种生物活性,如抗高血压、抗氧化、抗血栓、降胆固醇、降血压、抗菌、免疫调节、细胞调节、结合矿物质等。提高蛋白质向多肽的转化率一直以来是多肽研究的难点之一,超高压技术是一种适合于规模化生产的新型非热加工物理技术,近年来被广泛地应用于蛋白质工程,超高压技术的应用改善了蛋白质的结构和功能特性,提高了生物活性肽提取、生产的效率。本文重点综述超高压技术在蛋白质改性和肽制备方面的应用,概述超高压制备生物活性肽的类型、来源和生物活性,以期为深入应用超高压技术辅助蛋白质改性和活性肽制备提供参考。     

小米蛋白肽制备、分离纯化及生物活性研究进展

该文综述了国内外有关小米蛋白肽的制备、分离纯化、结构鉴定及生物活性评价等研究进展,国内外相关研究表明,小米蛋白经酶解或生物发酵制备的活性肽,具有抗氧化、抑菌、调节免疫、降血压等多种生理功效,在功能食品等领域具有较好的应用前景。同时,该文指出了目前有关小米蛋白肽的研究存在以下不足:微生物发酵法制备小米活性肽研究不够深入,如利用多菌种共同发酵制备小米活性肽等方面有待开展;小米活性肽在动物机体内的活性评价及作用机理研究不足;小米活性肽的稳定性以及风味特征等需要进一步明确。     

Meat protein based bioactive peptides and their potential functional activity: a review

Bioactive peptides are the general name for the short amino acid sequences, which could be generated from the hydrolysis of parent proteins including beef, pork, mutton, chicken, duck and various species of marine organisms. Drying, curing, ripening and fermentation are particular procedures for meat flavour and also important for the releasing of bioactive peptides from parent proteins. Once being released, the peptides would play bioactive roles beyond their nutritional values. The physiological activities of meat-derived peptides have been demonstrated to have antioxidative, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, opioid, antithrombotic and other bioactive effects. The regulation on immunological, gastrointestinal and neurological responses of those bioactive peptides supplies a vital base for the prevention of hypertension, obesity, diabetes and other metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarised the current studies on meat derived bioactive peptides along with their physiological functions to supply the overall understanding of the health benefit of bioactive peptides.     

火腿中生物活性肽的研究进展

生物活性肽是短氨基酸序列,从母体蛋白中释放后可发挥不同的生理作用,包括抗氧化、抗高血压、抗菌和其他生物活性。火腿在长期发酵过程中由于组织内源性酶和微生物的作用,使蛋白质降解产生许多小分子肽类物质,许多研究表明这些肽类物质具有生物活性。该文对火腿中生物活性肽的产生机制、功能特性、制备方法、分离纯化的研究进展进行综述,为生物活性肽进一步的开发与利用提供参考依据。     

A New Frontier in Soy Bioactive Peptides that May Prevent Age‐related Chronic Diseases

During gastrointestinal digestion or food processing of proteins, small peptides can be released and may act as regulatory compounds with hormone‐like activities. Numerous biologically active peptides (bioactive peptides) have been identified. Most bioactive peptides are derived from milk and dairy products, with the most common being angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Soybean protein and soybean derived peptides also play an important role in soybean physiological activities, particularly those related to the prevention of chronic diseases. However, the bioactive potential of soybean derived bioactive peptides is yet to be fully appreciated. After a general introduction of approaches and advances in bioactive peptides from food sources, this review focuses on bioactive peptides derived from soybean proteins and their physiological properties. Technological approaches to generate bioactive peptides, their isolation, purification, characterization, and quantification, and further application in food and drug design are also presented. Safety concerns, such as potential toxicity, allergenicity, and sensory aspect of these peptides are likewise discussed.     

鸡蛋中的生物活性蛋白质和肽

鸡蛋富含生物活性蛋白质,经酶解后也会产生多种生物活性肽,具有多种生理功能,如抑菌、抗高血压、抗氧化、促生长和增强免疫等作用。该文综述了鸡蛋中的生物活性蛋白和肽的研究进展。     

乳源性生物活性肽

乳蛋白质在体内消化和食品加工过程中均会被酶促水解而产生一些对人体具有生理调节作用的肽类物质。本文主要回顾了一些乳源性活性肽的来源、功能和氨基序列。这些肽类主要包括:抗高血压肽、类吗啡活性肽、阿片拮抗肽、抗血栓肽、矿物质元素结合肽、抗菌肽、免疫活性肽、抗HIV肽等。文章还对这些活性肽的吸收和在食品、药业上的应用潜力作了简要介绍。     

基于混合模式色谱生物活性肽的分离研究进展

生物活性肽是一类具有生理活性的小分子蛋白类物质,对其进行高效分离纯化有助于进一步发挥其生物活性和研究其构效关系。然而目前活性肽分离步骤繁琐。鉴于此,研究者开发了混合模式色谱（mixed-mode chromatography,MMC）分离技术：同时利用活性肽在亲疏水、电荷特性等方面的性质差异,通过对固定相进行多重改性,并辅以不同流动相,在分离过程中MMC可发挥多重保留机制,从而实现对特定肽段的高效分离。MMC具有固定相可控、可特异性识别和分离效率高等优点。本文梳理和总结MMC固定相以及对生物活性肽的分离研究及应用现状,以期对活性肽的高效利用提供参考。     

肉源性活性肽及其计算机分析技术研究进展

肉及其副产物中含有多种蛋白质,这些蛋白质经过酶解、微生物发酵或胃肠道消化后,产生多种有益于人体的活性肽,如降血压肽（血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽）、抗氧化肽、抗菌肽和二肽基肽酶抑制肽等。肽的生物活性逐渐被人们重视,但其提取和筛选仍然受到分离鉴定技术的限制。计算机分析技术能够很好地评估及分离鉴定蛋白质作为活性肽前体蛋白的能力,模拟酶及化学作用对蛋白质的水解,预测肽序列的活性及其化学性质。本文对肉源性活性肽进行综述,并介绍计算机分析技术在分离鉴定活性肽中的应用。     

Biofunctional Properties of Bioactive Peptides of Milk Origin

Milk proteins are currently the main source of a range of biologically active substances which are inactive within the sequence of native protein but can be released by enzymatic hydrolysis. Milk borne bioactive peptides have been found to exhibit various physiological activities such as antihypertensive, opioid, immunomodulatory antimicrobial, antioxidative, antithrombotic, and cytomodulatory. Such bioactive peptides may find use in the treatment of diarrhea, hypertension, thrombosis, dental carries, oxidative stress, mineral malabsorption, and immunodeficiency. These bioactive peptides may be used in formulation of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and natural drugs because of their health benefit effects.     

Milk biologically active components as nutraceuticals: review

Milk contains components that provide critical nutritive elements, immunological protection, and biologically active substances to both neonates and adults. Milk proteins are currently the main source of a range of biologically active peptides. Concentrates of these peptides are potential health-enhancing nutraceuticals for food and pharmaceutical applications. Several bioactive peptides may be used as nutraceuticals, for example, in the treatment of diarrhea, hypertension, thrombosis, dental diseases, as well as mineral malabsorption, and immunodeficiency. Minor whey proteins, such as lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and immunoglobulins, are considered antimicrobial proteins. Milk also contains some natural bioactive substances. These include oligosaccharides, fucosylated oligosaccharides, hormones, growth factors, mucin, gangliosides, and endogenous peptides, which are present in milk at secretion. Most of the claimed physiological properties of milk bioactive components have been carried out in vitro or in animal model systems, and these hypothesized properties remain to be proven in humans. Whether these milk bioactive components will replace drugs entirely in the immediate future is still unclear, but the increasing appreciation of "drug foods" or nutraceuticals plays a complementary rather than a substitutional role to the synthetic pharmacological drugs.