多重实时荧光PCR快速检测转基因大豆及其加工产品

本研究运用多重实时荧光聚合酶链式反应技术(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)对转基因大豆及其深加工制品进行筛选检测。通过设计大豆内源基因植物凝集素(Lectin)和常用的外源基因花椰菜花叶病毒35S启动子(CaMV35S)、根癌农杆菌胭脂碱合成酶基因终止(nos)的特异性引物和探针,反应条件和反应体系的优化,特异性、重复性和灵敏性的实验比对分析等开发建立了多重荧光定量PCR检测技术。以10%Roundup Ready转基因大豆标准品为材料,建立并优化转基因大豆的定量检测体系,对大豆中的转基因成分进行定量分析。结果表明:该方法重复性好,检测特异性强,扩增效率在90%～110%,标准曲线相关系数R2≥0. 98,确定了最低检测限为每20μL反应2. 4个拷贝。结论:由于使用多重实时荧光PCR技术,可实现一管多检的实际需要,降低试剂成本,缩短检测时间,为大豆及其深加工产品转基因成分的快速检测提供了有效方法,为促进农产品和食品进出口提供技术保障。     

多重串联式PCR基因碟片技术检测转基因大豆GTS 40-3-2

建立多重串联式PCR(MT-PCR)的基因碟片技术用于转基因大豆GTS40-3-2的检测。针对GTS 40-3-2的常见外源基因NOS终止子、CP4-EPSPS、Ca MV35S启动子和大豆内源基因Lectin设计引物,同时针对外源基因插入位点的旁临序列设计品系特异性引物。首先进行一次循环数较少(15 cycles),引物浓度较低(0.1μmol/L)的高通量多重PCR,以均匀地扩增各基因模板,同时避免引物之间的竞争,然后利用巢式荧光定量PCR检测各个基因。根据熔融曲线分析结果,灵敏度高于普通荧光定量PCR法1个数量级。该方法能够快速、高通量、准确地检测转基因大豆GTS40-3-2中的多种转基因成分,并能对该品系进行分析,重复性好,适合转基因的高通量、定量检测,可用于特异性检测转基因大豆GTS40-3-2,具有较好的应用价值。     

四重实时荧光PCR快速检测转基因玉米及其加工产品

本研究运用四重实时荧光聚合酶链式反应技术（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）对转基因玉米及其深加工制品进行筛选检测。选定花椰菜花叶病毒35S启动子（pCaMV35S）、农杆菌的胭脂碱合成酶基因终止子（tNOS）以及根癌农杆菌CP4蛋白基因和5-莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶基因（EPSPS）为外源基因,选定编码玉米淀粉合成酶异构体zSTSII-2 (zSSIIb) 基因作为玉米物种的内参照基因。设计和合成靶标基因特异性引物和多重荧光探针,经特异性、重复性、灵敏性和适用性等方法学验证建立了四重实时荧光PCR检测方法。结果表明该方法检测特异性强,重复性好,扩增效率在90%~110%,标准曲线相关系数R2≥0.99,最低检测限为每20 μL反应13个拷贝,最低定量限为每20 μL反应1.3个拷贝,其检测结果与SN/T 1204-2016标准方法检测结果一致,由于四个目标基因可以在一个反应管中进行扩增反应,且含有内源基因和外源基因,可降低试剂成本,简化操作程序,缩短检测时间,为玉米及其深加工产品转基因成分的快速检测提供参考。     

应用多重PCR技术快速筛查食品中的转基因成分

以转基因植物中常见的3种筛选调控元件、2种标记基因和1种目的基因为检测靶标,建立了能在一次PCR扩增中同时检测6种转基因成分的多重PCR检测方法。结果表明,当多重PCR体系中Ca MV35S启动子、Fa MV35S启动子、NOS终止子、bar基因、NPTII基因、CP4-EPSPS基因的检测引物浓度分别为0.2、0.2、0.3、0.3、0.2、0.2μmol/L,退火温度为60℃时扩增效果最佳,利用优化后的六重PCR方法可从转基因玉米、大豆、棉花、油菜等各类样品中精准检测出相应的转基因成分,方法的检测灵敏度可达到0.1%。该方法为食品中常见转基因成分的筛查提供了一种高效的手段,在转基因产品的检测工作中具有较高的应用价值。     

大豆加工食品中转基因成分多重PCR检测体系的建立

以大豆内源基因 (Lectin)、筛选基因 3 5S启动子 (Cauliflowermosaicvirus 3 5S ,CaMV3 5S)、Nos终止子 (Nopalinesynthase,Nos)和外源基因 (5 enolpyruvylshikimate 3 phosphatesynthase ,Ep sps)为检测对象 ,通过对PCR扩增体系中各引物终浓度及PCR扩增过程中退火温度的探讨 ,研究了不同引物终浓度配比及退火温度对转基因大豆多重PCR检测的影响 ,建立了大豆加工食品中转基因成分多重PCR检测体系。结果表明 ,当各组引物的终浓度分别为 1 0、2 0、2 0、3 0 μmol/L即引物终浓度配比为 1∶2∶2∶3 ,退火温度为 5 5 4℃时 ,所建立的多重PCR检测方法能够有效地检测出大豆中的转基因成分 ,具有特异性好 ,简便 ,快速 ,准确等优点。     

转基因"华番一号"番茄的筛选和特异性的定性、定量PCR检测方法

为给转基因植物监测提供技术支持，建立了转基因“华番一号”番茄筛选和特异性的定性、定量PCR检测方法。转基因“华番一号”的筛选PCR检测主要以转基因通用元件CaMV35S启动子和NOS终止子为目的基因片段，特异性PCR检测以转基因外源重组子的CaMV35S启动子和反义EFE基因的相邻序列为目的片段；实验同时设立番茄的LAT52基因为转基因番茄定性、定量PCR检测的内对照基因。在所建立的PCR检测体系中，定性PCR筛选和特异性检测的检测极限为68个拷贝，实时定量PCR方法的检测极限为3个拷贝；筛选定量．PCR检测的定量极限为3个拷贝，特异性定量PCR检测的定量极限为25个拷贝。最后通过对2个已知含量的转基因番茄“华番一号”混合试样的检测，证明了该体系可以有效地用于转基因番茄“华番一号”的筛选和特异性的定性、定量PCR检测。     

转基因玉米品系及转化体成分四重实时荧光PCR快速鉴定

Bt11转基因玉米品系具有抗草铵膦除草剂,鳞翅目昆虫抗性的耐除草剂抗虫玉米,MIR162和Mon89034是鳞翅目昆虫抗性的单抗虫玉米,均是国内外出入境监管主要关注的转基因玉米品系。本研究通过靶标基因筛选,转基因阳性样品采集,核酸样本制备,多重引物和荧光探针组合筛选,反应体系优化以及方法学验证等过程开发建立了四重荧光定量PCR检测技术。结果表明该技术的使用可实现一个反应管中同时检测MIR162、Bt11、Mon89034三个玉米品系的特异性基因序列和一个编码玉米淀粉合成酶异构体zSTSII-2 (zSSIIb) 玉米内源基因。通过阳性对照,阴性对照和空白对照特异性S曲线与对应的阈值大小分析可判定样品中是否含有这三个转基因玉米品系及其转化体成分。经方法学特异性检测,结果与转基因检测金标准的单实时荧光PCR结果一致;经平行样和灵敏度测试,最低检测限为18个拷贝;经标准曲线扩增分析,四个基因的扩增效率均在90%~110%范围内,扩增效果良好。该方法从DNA提取到报告结果不足3小时,可缩短检测时限,节约试剂耗材成本,操作简单易行,满足高通量特征,可为市场流通产品品系和转基因成分的实时监管和快速鉴定提供技术支撑。     

多重荧光聚合酶链反应对转基因能力验证样品的检测和验证

目的利用多重实时荧光聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)对转基因能力验证样品进行检测和验证。方法通过筛选出合适的多重引物和探针、核酸提取及多重扩增和分析方法,分别对9个转基因标准品和11个来自于中国合格评定国家认可委员会(China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment,CNAS)和食品分析水平测试计划(food analysis performance assessment scheme,FAPAS)的能力验证样品进行多重荧光PCR检测,通过SPSS统计软件比较二重、三重实时荧光PCR的循环阈值(cycle threshold,Ct)与单重实时荧光PCR结果的差异性。结果二重实时荧光PCR可同时检测Ca MV35s和NOS 2个基因,三重实时荧光PCR可同时检测Ca MV35s,NOS和NPTII 3个外源基因,各基因之间无信号的交叉干扰。经统计分析,二重和三重实时荧光PCR相对于单重实时荧光PCR的结果无显著性差异。结论建立的二重和三重实时荧光PCR技术可用于能力验证和实验室间比对实验,简单快速,节约试剂成本,且结果准确度可满足日常检测需求。     

食品中转基因成分的PCR快速检测研究

为建立食品中转基因成分的快速检测方法，针对转基因大豆、玉米、油菜的多个相对稳定的转基因元件，包括35S、NOS、EPSPS、Cry1A、NPTⅡ等基因，同时选定植物本身固有的基因：大豆Lectin、玉米IVR、油菜Napin基因作为内源参照指示基因，设计、筛选出9对引物分别组成多重PCR．结合高灵敏度的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳组成快速检测体系对转基因食品进行检测，1～2d能完成整个检测过程。经测试：该检测体系稳定可靠、灵敏准确、特异性好，且操作简便、成本低廉，是一种进行转基因食品检测的良好技术模式。     

公共引物介导的多重定量PCR技术在转基因大豆检测中的应用研究

目的 建立公共引物介导的多重定量PCR法检测我国农业农村部允许进口的6种转基因大豆(包括: MON87701、DP356043、CV-127、MON87769、MON87705、MON87708)的方法。方法 设计并筛选出针对本研究涉及的6种转基因大豆对特异性引物, 在每对特异性引物的5’端均加上一段公共引物, 形成特异性嵌合引物。以某种转基因大豆DNA为模板, 加入多引物体系以及荧光公共引物验证GeXP(gene expression platform)多重检测体系的特异性, 每种转基因大豆DNA模板浓度分别稀释为20、2、1、0.2、0.02 ng/μL, 运用GeXP多重PCR方法进行单一DNA模板灵敏度分析并优化各对特异性嵌合引物的工作浓度。结果 多重PCR检测体系扩增出特异性片段, GeXP检出的各转基因大豆片段长度MON87701、DP356043、CV-127、MON87769、MON87705和MON87708分别为140.75、184.42、274.93、308.47、467.98和517.67 bp, GeXP 多重检测体系检测敏感性可达到为1 ng/μL, 扩增产物测序结果进一步说明了引物扩增的特异性。结论 本研究建立的基于GeXP系统的多重PCR定量检测技术, 可以准确鉴别6种转基因大豆, 为转基因大豆及其他转基因产品提供了新型的检测方法。     

Detection of cauliflower mosaic virus by the polymerase chain reaction: testing of food components for false-positive 35S-promoter screening results

 Today DNA-based techniques are very common for the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food products. For fast and easy detection of GMOs, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening methods, which amplify common transgenic elements, are applied in routine analysis. These techniques do not allow differentiation between GMOs and the natural occurrence of transgenic elements, such as the 35S-promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) or the NOS-terminator of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and thus may result in false-positive detection of GMOs. In this study we evaluated three different existing 35S screening systems and report the development of two new CaMV-specific PCR systems. These PCR systems based on CaMV-specific genes allow the identification of positively screened 35S food samples as naturally virus-infected products or plants. Seven food samples tested positive in routine 35S screening analysis and negative in GMO specific systems were investigated using the new virus-specific PCR systems. In all seven samples CaMV was detected. Received: 26 April 1999 / Revised version: 28 June 1999     

大豆粉转基因成分能力验证样品的检测分析

目的 提高实验室对转基因大豆定性检测的准确性和检测人员专业技术水平, 增强实验室竞争力。方法 通过核酸蛋白仪器分析法和单重实时荧光PCR (simplex real-time fluorescence PCR)法对样品内源基因扩增的循环阈值的影响来比较2种方法, 分析2种DNA提取试剂盒的提取质量。对标准SN/T 1204-2016《植物及其加工产品中转基因成分实时荧光PCR定性检验方法》扩增反应体系中DNA模板量进行优化后, 对样品进行检测。再依据标准SN/T 1202-2010《食品中转基因植物成分定性PCR检测方法》的要求, 对样品进行检测。最后对2个标准的检测结果进行比对。结果 通过内源基因扩增循环阈值的数据确认, 更能准确反映试剂盒提取的DNA是否满足后续外源基因的分析检测要求。2种标准方法对19-N578和19-M913 2个待测样品的检测显示3种外源基因CaMV35S、NOS、CP4-EPSPS均为阴性, 19-N578和19-M913待测样品均为非转基因大豆。结论 本次能力验证获得满意评价。DNA提取质量的评估, 体系中DNA模板量的优化, 检测方法的选择和实验的质量控制都是影响能力验证结果的重要因素。     

应用依赖解旋酶DNA扩增技术检测转基因大豆

目的：基于依赖解旋酶DNA恒温扩增（helicase-dependent isothermal DNA amplification,HDA）技术,建立快速检测转基因大豆的方法。方法：采用以CaMV35S、NOS、CP4-EPSPS 3 种外源基因和内源基因Lectin（大豆凝集素基因）为目的片段设计4 对特异引物,建立反应体系,通过HDA方法对内源基因和3 种外源基因的检测特异性和灵敏度进行实验,并对结果进行同源性分析。结果：建立了转基因大豆HDA检测法,检测特异性良好,3 种外源基因的检出限为0.2%。结论：转基因大豆的HDA检测方法具有普通聚合酶链式反应的特异、灵敏等特点,并且对仪器要求更低,极适合基层实验室使用,具有广阔的应用前景。     

PCR方法对转基因食品定性检测的研究

转基因食品的检测一般基于聚合酶链式反应（PCR）方法，对35S启动子和NOS终止子进行筛选。本实验以转基因大豆、玉米（购自Fluka）为参照物，转基因含量为0％，1％，2％，5％的样品均获得正确识别。以上介绍的方法能对转基因原材料及加工成品实施高精度、高灵敏的检测。     

Innovative Application of Fluorescent Microsphere Based Assay for Multiple GMO Detection

An innovative multiple screening protocol allowing the detection of specific DNA sequences of p35S and epsps in GM soya flours simultaneously was developed. For the application of the Luminex xMAP technology, two different sets of fluorescent beads were cross-linked to the specific oligonucleotide probes previously amplified and labeled by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the presence of a biotinylated nucleotide. The detection of the amplification products bounded by the streptavidin–phycoeritrin conjugate was performed using the Luminex-100 instrument. The system allows identification of extremely low amounts of labeled targets as of 7.8 10⁻⁴ nmol of p35S antiprobe with an associated value of repeatability relative standard deviation (RSD_r) equal to 2.8. Parameters such as repeatability, reproducibility, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) were considered to evaluate the performances of the assay. The potentiality of the system described in this paper enables us to look forward to a multiple target assay that is able to simultaneously detect and eventually quantify tens of target sequences occurring within the same sample preparation. The present study describes the first application of a multitarget fluorescent microsphere-based assay for DNA genetically modified organism (GMO) detection.     

实时荧光定性聚合酶链式反应标准方法检测转基因产品的验证及应用

目的验证实验室大豆、玉米和水稻及其制品转基因检测方法,并应用于实际样品检测。方法根据GB 19495.4-2018《转基因产品检测实时荧光定性聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测方法》要求对无转基因标识的样品进行转基因成分检测。结果方法验证满意。40批次样品(大豆、玉米和水稻及其制品)中发现1批次的转基因成分检出,检出率为2.5%。结论市场中绝大部分未标示转基因成分的大豆、玉米和水稻及其制品确实未检出转基因成分,仅有极少数产品含有转基因成分,但未进行有效标识。     

Establishment of a quadruplex real-time PCR for screening of genetically modified tomatoes

With the increase in number of the genetically modified (GM) crops authorized worldwide and specific labeling legislation established by many countries, a reliable and efficient method for routine screening of raw material or processed food products needs to be developed. In this paper, a quadruplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) system is described which allows simultaneous detection of one tomato endogenous gene and three most frequently used transgenic elements in GM products: cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase terminator, and neomycin phosphotransferase II gene. The specificities of the assays are optimized and validated. In the quadruplex qPCR system, the detection ranges for all of the four genes were determined to be 8–80,000 copies per reaction. Finally, the established detection system was applied in amplification of exogenous and endogenous genes from 33 raw materials and 35 processed products samples. The results indicate that quadruplex qPCR method is feasible for screening of GM tomato products, even for some processed food. As this detection system could be easily applied to the detection of transgenic elements in other plant species, we expect it will meet the challenges of routine GM crop detection resulting from a rapid increase in the number of GM crops in the future.     

Monitoring of food products from genetically modified sources in Moscow

This paper presents results of a detection of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food from the shops of Moscow. The screening methods and event-specific assay based on the polymerase chain reaction is used. Transgenic DNA from genetically modified soybeans line 40-3-2 is detected in 17.2% samples of studied foods. Soybeans line 40-3-2 is allowed in Russian food supply.     

Validation of a method based on polymerase chain reaction for the detection of genetically modified organisms in various processed foodstuffs

A qualitative screening method was validated for the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in various processed food matrices (cooked maize grit, infant formula, biscuits, meal of acidified soybeans). The prepared food matrices contained each 0%, 2%, 100% (10% instead of 100% in the case of biscuits) of Roundup-Ready© soybeans and/or of Bt-176 maize. The method was based on the detection of the introduced DNA sequences by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of DNA. Two different detection systems were applied: one based on the 35S promoter fragment which is present in GM-soybeans and in GM-maize and one based on the nos terminator sequence which is present only in GM-soybeans. Prior to the validation study, it was demonstrated that the food matrices were homogenous and that there was no cross-contamination between GMO-containing and GMO-free samples. Some laboratories had a high portion of false positive results probably due to laboratory contamination whereas all others reported nearly always correct data for all matrices investigated. Statistical analysis showed that after exclusion of the outliers, an average of 97% correct results was obtained for non-GMO containing samples (3% false positive results) and an average of 98% correct results for GMO-containing samples (2% false negative results). The validated method was shown to be suitable for screening of GMOs in processed food matrices also when extreme physical stress was applied (e.g., heating for 45 min at 100vv°C or 10 min at 180vv°C) or when multiple components were present, as in the case of biscuit preparations.