商品大豆饮料胰蛋白酶抑制素活性的研究

研究测定了未经热处理的生豆奶，经现代加工的不同商标的大豆饮料，传统豆腐等样品的胰蛋白酶抑制素活性。其中生豆奶的ＴＩＡ是６６．４ｍｇ／ｇ蛋白质。巴氏灭菌后大豆饮料的ＴＩＡ是２３．７ｍｇ／ｇ蛋白质；超高温灭菌的大豆饮品，其ＴＩＡ是１３．３￣３１．６ｍｇ／ｇ蛋白质之间；两种水静压式杀菌机灭菌的大豆饮料分别为４．１ｍｇ和７．７ｍｇ／ｇ蛋白质，传统豆腐的ＴＩＡ仅为６．４ｍｇ／ｇ蛋白质，上述结果反映了某些现代     

脱脂花生蛋白酶解产物的焙烤香味研究—木瓜蛋白酶水解作用的影响

脱脂花生蛋白经木瓜蛋白酶水解后，其焙烤香味明显增强。用１％浓度木瓜瓜蛋白酶水解１５０ｍｉｎ所得的水解产物，其游离氨基酸的含量从水解的１１．２４ｍｇ／ｇ增加至７３．９４ｍｇ／ｇ，提高了６．５倍，而水溶性蛋白质和水不溶性蛋白质的含量分别下降了７．７％和６．１％，。     

发展我国的速冻马铃薯工业

０　前　言马铃薯又称土豆。它作为一种营养丰富、保健作用大、风味香美、食用方法多样的粮食作物，受到世界各国人民的广泛喜爱。每１００ｇ马铃薯中含水分７７．５ｇ，蛋白质１．７ｇ，脂肪０．３ｇ，碳水化合物１９．６ｇ，热量３６８．４５Ｊ，ＶＣ０．３ｇ，镁２４ｍｇ，钙４７ｍｇ，磷３３ｍｇ，铁０．６ｍｇ，锌０．１８ｍｇ，铜０．０８ｍｇ，锰０．５ｍｇ，硒０．４ｍｇ，硫胺素０．１ｍｇ，核黄素０．０３ｍｇ，尼克酸１．６ｍｇ，抗坏血酸４０ｍｇ［１］，它被营养学家称为“２１世纪的健康食品”。作为马铃薯的最终加工产物薯片…     

膨化即食鱼羹的研制

以粳米和鲢鱼粉为主要原料，经膨化、粉碎、筛分，调配等工序加工成即食鱼羹，成品色泽浅黄，鱼香浓郁，即食性好，营养丰富。每１００ｇ成品含有蛋白质１５．６ｇ、游离氨基酸７３７．５ｍｇ、钙３８．１９ｍｇ、磷３９０ｍｇ、铁７．６３ｍｇ。     

螺旋藻营养成分分析及其营养保健作用

作者测定了螺旋藻的营养成分，结果表明，螺旋藻含蛋白质５８．８２％，氨基酸总量５６．３５％，螺旋藻多糖１０．１２％，β－胡萝卜素３６１．２０ｍｇ／１００ｇ，ｒ－亚麻酸１．２％，维生素Ｅ７．１ｍｇ／１００ｇ，维生素Ｂ１２０．２２ｍｇ／１００ｇ，维生素Ｂ６０．４５ｍｇ／１００ｇ，铁５２．７ｍｇ／１００ｇ，锌４．１５ｍｇ／１００ｇ。并根据这些生物有效成分论述了螺旋藻的药用价值及保健功能，为螺旋藻成为未来新     

膨化即食鱼羹的研制

以粳米和鲢鱼粉为主要原料，经膨化、粉碎、筛分、调配等工序加工成即食鱼羹，成品色泽浅黄，鱼香郁，即食性好，营养丰富。每１００ｇ成品含有蛋白质１５．６ｇ、游离氨基酸７３７．５ｍｇ、钙３８．１９ｍｇ、磷３９０ｍｇ、铁７．６３ｍｇ。     

几种激素对茶愈伤组织合成茶氨酸的影响

根据生长素（ＩＡＡ），吲哚丁酸（ＩＢＡ），萘乙酸（ＮＡＡ），以及２，４－二氯苯氧乙酸（２，４－Ｄ）和６－卞艹基腺嘌呤（６－ＢＡ），激动素（ＫＴ），玉米素（ＺＴ）及三十烷醇（ＴＡ）等的不同浓度和不同组合，测定茶愈伤组织生长和茶氨酸的积累情况，以求得茶愈伤组织生长和茶氨酸积累的较佳培养条件。试验证明，以４ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ＋２ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ或３ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ＋１．５ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ＋２ｍｇ／ＬＴＡ的组合，添加于ＭＳ培养基上，茶愈伤组织生长和茶氨酸积累均良好，茶氨酸含量最高可达１７０ｍｇ／ｇ．     

赤豆软糖

赤豆软糖刘光根赤豆，又名红饭豆，为一年生豆科植物的种子，呈暗红色，状如猪肾。它不仅营养丰富，且有一定的保健作用。据分析，每１００克赤豆中含蛋白质２０．７ｇ，脂肪０．５ｇ，碳水化合物５８ｇ，粗纤维４．９克，灰分３．３ｇ，Ｃａ６．７ｍｇ，Ｐ３０５ｍｇ，Ｆ...     

短梗霉多糖发酵条件的优化研究

经正交试验确定产短梗霉多糖菌体Ａ４５的最佳发酵培养基组成的（ｇ／Ｌ），葡萄糖５０，酵母膏０．３（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４０．３，Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４２．０，ＭｇＳＯ４．５Ｈ２Ｏ０．２。并优化了发酵条件，在该条件下发酵多糖产量达３４．６ｇ／Ｌ，生物量为１６．７ｇ／Ｌ，残糖浓度８．８ｇ／Ｌ，并获得了Ａ４５的菌株的发酵动力学曲线。     

黑米冰淇淋

黑米冰淇淋李传军（陕西省镇巴鑫发食品罐头厂，镇巴，７２３６００）黑色食品风靡世界，它以自己特有的魅力倍受广大消费者的青睐。据资料，黑米每百克含蛋白质１１．４ｇ，赖安酸３１０．８ｍｇ，脂肪３ｇ，ＶＢ１０．７ｍｇ，ＶＢ２０．１６ｍｇ，钙１７ｍｇ，铁１．６...     

Quantification of Human IgE Immunoreactive Soybean Proteins in Commercial Soy Ingredients and Products

ABSTRACT:  The objective of this study was the detection and quantification of human IgE immunoreactive soybean proteins in commercially available soy ingredients and products. Optimum dilutions of primary antibody and antigens as well as detection sensitivity were determined for the implementation of a sandwich ELISA method using plasma from soy sensitive subjects (IgE ranging from 0.35 to 98.7 IU/mL). Human IgE immunoreactivity of commercial soybean ingredients showed that the plasma of subjects with strong allergic reaction to soybean presented proportionally higher immunoreactive response. Soy protein isolate and soy protein concentrate contained less immunoreactive proteins than soy flour and grits. As expected, a hypoallergenic soybean product presented the lowest IgE immunoreactivity. Hydrolyzed and fermented soy ingredients showed negligible human IgE immunoreactivity when proteins and peptides were < 20 kDa. The IgE immunoreactivity of soymilk samples ranged from 3.4 to 68.9 ng IgE/mg extracted protein. Tofu contained about 20-fold higher IgE immunoreactivity than soymilk products (median 171 ng IgE/mg extracted protein). Furthermore, soy cheese products presented twice the IgE immunoreactivity than tofu products (median 359 ng IgE/mg protein). Meat analogues presented considerably high extracted protein concentration (median 67.9 mg/g product). The findings of the current investigation demonstrate sandwich ELISA as a reliable immunochemical method with good repeatability, sensitivity, and low detection limit to quantify IgE immunoreactive proteins in soy ingredients and products. Quantitative measurement of specific IgE is likely to become an increasingly valuable tool for soybean industry to comply with food labeling for manufacturers, thus protecting soy-sensitive consumers.     

Soybean cultivars impact quality and function of soymilk and tofu

The functional properties of soymilk and tofu prepared from Benning and Danbaekkong soy cultivars were identified. The protein content in soymilk was significantly higher for Danbaekkong, at 46.4 g kg^?1, than for Benning at 42.0 g kg^?1. The 11S/7S globulin ratios of Danbaekkong and Benning were estimated at 0.93 and 0.38, respectively. Soymilk from Danbaekkong was more non‐Newtonian (n = 0.69) than soymilk from Benning (n = 0.84). Tofu prepared from Danbaekkong was significantly harder, chewier and gummier than tofu from Benning. Differences in protein content, protein ratio, viscosity, textural properties and color of soymilk can be applied as indicators of quality and functionality in soy foods such as tofu. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of a low-fat tofu produced using supercritical CO2 extracted soy flour

The potential of supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO₂) extracted soy flour was evaluated as a raw material for functional foods. The fat content in SC-CO₂ soy flour was reduced from 19.5% to 7.1%, which influenced some textural and sensory properties of soymilk and tofu. The viscosity of low-fat soymilk decreased from 50 to 40 cp. Low-fat tofu had a higher yield of 69.7%, compared to a yield of 60.8% for full-fat soymilk. The two types of tofu had similar flavor and texture intensity sensory scores, although low-fat tofu had a reduced score for roasted, nutty flavor than full-fat tofu. The pH of a low-fat tofu immersion solution during 30 days of storage was lower than for a full-fat tofu solution, particularly during the first 6 days. A low-fat tofu that is similar to full-fat tofu can be prepared using SC-CO₂ extracted soy flour.     

Content composition and antioxidant activity of isoflavones in commercial and homemade soymilk and tofu

BACKGROUND: Isoflavones, found in soymilk and tofu, are one of the phytochemicals in soy‐based products that may promote good health. Homemade tofu and various homemade soymilk samples were made using different soaking, grinding, and cooking methods. The homemade samples were compared to commercial tofu and soymilk for total isoflavone content and composition as well as their antioxidant capacity. All samples were freeze‐dried and extracted with a 58% acetonitrile solution which was subsequently used to determine the isoflavone content by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of extracts was determined using a modified 2,2‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) method and total antioxidant capacity was reported as ascorbic acid equivalents. RESULTS: The total isoflavone, aglycone, and antioxidant levels were significantly higher in homemade soymilk and tofu (1571 µg) than in commercial samples. Homemade soymilk made by the extended boiling method yielded the highest total isoflavone (2567 µg) and glucoside (1525 µg) content. A strong positive correlation was observed between the total isoflavone, aglycone conjugates, and genistein series concentration and antioxidant capacity of soymilk. CONCLUSION: Increased moist heating time yielded the highest concentration of total isoflavones as well as aglycone conjugates and the genistein series. Increasing the duration of boiling can increase the isoflavone content of both homemade and commercial soymilk and tofu. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

紫薯保健豆腐的工艺研究

以黄豆和紫薯为主要原料,通过传统豆腐工艺加工制作新型豆腐.通过单因素与多因素正交试验,确定紫薯豆腐的最佳配方工艺条件.结果表明:温度对产品感官品质的影响最大,其次是豆浆和紫薯汁比例、石膏量、黄豆和紫薯水的添加量;最后确定了最佳的工艺配方:黄豆500 g,紫薯250 g,分别加入水1000mL制备豆浆汁与紫薯汁,豆浆与紫薯汁比例为6:1,石膏量为3.5 g,温度为100℃.产品感官性状良好,不仅含有独特的紫薯营养功能,还为开发新品种豆腐提供了理论参考.     

Analysis of Lunasin in Commercial and Pilot Plant Produced Soybean Products and an Improved Method of Lunasin Purification

Abstract: Lunasin is a bioactive peptide present in soybean. It is important to quantify lunasin concentration in soy products to assess its potential impact as functional food. The objectives of this study were to analyze lunasin in commercial soymilk products and implement an efficient method to isolate and purify it from defatted soybean flour. Defatted soybean flour was suspended in water, and the extract was loaded in a pre‐equilibrated diethylaminoethyl column and bound proteins eluted using a step gradient of salt. Most lunasin was eluted from the column at 0.2 to 0.4M NaCl as quantified by immunoassays and purified using ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration techniques. Lunasin purity was ≥90% and a standard curve was used to quantify its concentration in soymilk products. Concentration of lunasin in soy products, including organic soymilk, soy protein shakes, and soy infant formulas, ranged from 1.78 to 9.26 mg lunasin/100 g product. The concentration per serving ranged from 1.59 ± 0.01 to 22.23 ± 0.74 mg lunasin with variability depending on brand and size per serving. Steam‐ground‐cooked soy had the highest concentration of lunasin (22.23 ± 0.74 mg/serving), similar to some commercial products. Ground‐cooked soymilk contained roughly half the concentration of lunasin (14.39 ± 1.4 mg/serving). Soy infant formulas that used soy protein isolate revealed lower concentrations of lunasin (P < 0.05). It was concluded that all soymilk products analyzed contained lunasin, and a more efficient method to isolate lunasin with higher purity was developed. Practical Application: Soy foods have shown to play a role in cardiovascular health prevention. The quantification of lunasin in commercially available soy products can add to the already existing health claim for soy foods and encourage consumers to include soy products in their diets.     

Effect of components extracted from okara on the physicochemical properties of soymilk and tofu texture

ABSTRACT:  The physicochemical properties of soymilk and the texture of tofu were compared with regard to 2 kinds of soymilk, one of which was prepared by squeezing homogenates before heating and the other was prepared by squeezing after heating raw soymilk with okara, residue of soymilk production. Relative particulate protein content and viscosity were higher and pH was lower in the soymilk prepared by the latter method, in which liberated lipid bodies were decreased and more lipids were precipitated with protein after centrifugation, suggesting a change in the interaction between proteins and lipids. A difference in the distribution of proteins and lipids was also implied by analysis with a laser particle size analyzer. The breaking stress of tofu made with 0.30% glucono-delta-lactone increased in accordance with an increase in particulate protein. The calcium and magnesium contents increased in soymilk prepared by squeezing after heating with okara. Viscosity was slightly increased and pH decreased by adding calcium to the soymilk, but the particulate protein content and breaking stress of tofu did not increase significantly. To examine the effect of macromolecules, okara was extracted by boiling and dialyzed. Viscosity and particulate protein content in soymilk increased as the dialyzed extracts of the okara were added. The breaking stress of tofu was increased by adding the dialyzed extracts but excessive amounts of the extracts resulted in softer tofu. Spectra of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and electrophoresis-separated patterns of proteins indicated that the dialyzed extracts contained mainly polysaccharides and the Basic 7S globulin protein.     

Comparison of Two Small-Scale Processing Methods for Testing Silken Tofu Quality

In developing a simple, reliable, small-scale method to assess silken tofu quality in our soybean improvement program, we examined two processing methods and two coagulants, glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) or nigari (magnesium chloride) in two experiments. Silken tofu was prepared from a commercial soybean variety (expt 1) or seven soybean varieties (V1–V7) which were grown and harvested together (expt 2). The soybeans were soaked overnight (the soak method, with 55 g soybeans) or ground dry first (the dry method, with 60 g soybeans) before processing. The quality of the silken tofu was evaluated and compared among varieties and coagulant-processing methods and their interactions. Moisture and protein content in soymilk and soybean seeds, soymilk yield and protein and solid recovery in soymilk were determined. Compared with the dry method, the soak method allowed faster soymilk extraction, produced soymilk with lower solid and higher protein content and firmer silken tofu with either GDL or nigari as coagulant. Depending on whether nigari or GDL was used as coagulant, the soak method also produced silken tofu with the highest or the lowest water loss which correlated strongly and negatively with tofu hardness (r?=??0.93***). Differences were detected among varieties for the key quality attributes. Taken together, the soak method with GDL as coagulant would be the preferred combination to use to assess tofu quality.     

超微粉碎技术在豆腐加工中的研究进展

在豆腐的制备过程中,豆浆的制取方式十分重要,直接影响豆腐的凝胶强度、弹性、内聚性和口感。超微粉碎技术作为一种新兴的制浆技术,不仅能减小豆浆的粒径、赋予产品细腻的口感、改善原料的加工性能,还能在一定程度上避免豆渣中所含营养成分的流失,在豆浆及豆腐的制备过程中使用越来约普遍。本文综述了干法超微粉碎制浆技术和超声波、胶体磨、高压均质、超高压均质等湿法超微粉碎制浆技术的研究与应用现状,比较了各种制浆技术的优、缺点,并对今后豆腐制浆技术的研究方向进行了展望,旨在为加快研究"营养、高效"的豆腐制浆技术提供参考。     

Stability of soybean seed composition and its effect on soymilk and tofu yield and quality

Soymilk was made from 10 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines grown at three locations for 2 years, using an 18:1 water/soy protein ratio. Tofu was made with either glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) or calcium sulphate dihydrate (CS). Genotype and year effects were substantially greater than location effects on soybean protein content and seed composition; soymilk and tofu yield, solids levels, and pH; and tofu colour, hardness, and firmness. Genotype by location and genotype by year interaction effects were minor relative to the genotype and year effects. Yield of soymilk, GDL tofu, and CS tofu, which averaged 7.39 l, 6.29 kg, and 6.15 kg per kg soybeans, respectively, were all positively correlated with seed protein and stachyose, and negatively correlated with seed oil, free sugar, sucrose and remainder content. Seed protein was positively correlated with tofu hardness and firmness, while seed oil, free sugar, sucrose, and remainder content were generally negatively correlated with tofu quality parameters. Results of stepwise regression analysis showed that seed protein was the major determinant of soymilk yield and solids content, while soymilk yield was, in turn, the major factor determining GDL tofu yield. Procedures used in making soymilk and tofu play a major role in determining which seed component has a major effect on soymilk and tofu yield and quality.