HPLC测定水产品中孔雀石绿、亚甲基蓝、结晶紫及其代谢物的残留量

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱分析水产品中孔雀石绿及其代谢物(隐色孔雀石绿)、亚甲基蓝及其代谢物(天青A、天青B、天青C)、结晶紫及其代谢物(隐色结晶紫)。样品用乙酸铵缓冲液和乙腈提取,二氯甲烷初步净化后,再经MCAX固相萃取柱净化,以乙腈和0.125mol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,经MG C18柱分离后紫外检测器检测。孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿、结晶紫、隐色结晶紫、天青B的定量限均为2.0μg/kg,亚甲基蓝、天青A、天青C的定量限均为5.0μg/kg。孔雀石绿及其代谢物和结晶紫及其代谢物、天青B添加2～40μg/kg,亚甲基蓝、天青A、天青C添加5～80μg/kg水平时,平均添加回收率大于70%,相对标准偏差小于15%。     

双柱在线净化快速测定鱼肉中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物

建立鱼肉中的孔雀石绿、结晶紫及隐色代谢物的双柱在线净化(阳离子净化柱MCX一维净化,反相C8净化柱二维净化)-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。采用酸性乙腈提取样品,提取液直接上机分析,双柱在线净化系统净化,高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定。结果表明,鱼肉中孔雀石绿、结晶紫、隐色孔雀石绿、隐色结晶紫空白鱼肉3个不同水平的添加回收率(n=6)为76.8%～109.4%,相对标准偏差为2.0%～14.1%,4种药物定量限为0.5μg/kg。     

深圳市淡水鱼类中孔雀石绿及结晶紫残留状况的调查分析

目的调查分析深圳市市售水产品鱼类中孔雀石绿及其代谢物、结晶紫及其代谢物的残留情况。方法样品依据GB/T 19857-2005经超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)测定样品中的孔雀石绿、隐性孔雀石绿、结晶紫、隐性结晶紫。结果 300份鱼类样品孔雀石绿及其代谢物的检出率为1.67%(5/300)、结晶紫及其代谢物的检出率为23.67%(71/300);500份鱼养殖水样品中结晶紫及其代谢物的检出率为0.6%(3/500),孔雀石绿及其代谢物无检出。不同种类养殖鱼间比较,鲈鱼、生鱼、黄骨鱼的检出率均在36%以上。结论深圳市在售鱼类中存在孔雀石绿/结晶紫及其代谢物检出率高而暂养水检出率低的情况,因此鱼类运输、批发零售环节添加孔雀石绿/结晶紫的可能性较小,养殖环节的滥用值得关注。     

高分子印记固相萃取-液相色谱质谱法测定水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫、亮绿及其代谢产物

目的建立一种高分子印记固相萃取-液相色谱质谱联用(MISPE-HPLC/MS2)测定水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫、亮绿及其代谢产物的检测方法。方法样品经乙腈提取后,经中性氧化铝柱和高分子印记固相萃取柱净化,Waters Atlantis T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,3μm)分离,乙腈和0.1%甲酸水等度洗脱,采用选择反应监测(SRM)模式进行正离子扫描,内标法定量。结果待测化合物在0.2～10μg/L范围内有很好的相关性,相关系数大于0.99,加标水平为1、2、4μg/kg,孔雀石绿、结晶紫和亮绿的平均回收率分别为93.2%～105.9%、92.7%～107.5%和60.6%～94.4%,相对标准偏差均小于12.5%,孔雀石绿、结晶紫和亮绿的检出限分别为0.02、0.03、0.03μg/kg,定量限分别为0.07、0.10、0.10μg/kg。结论本方法前处理净化效果更好、灵敏度更高,同时采用稳定性同位素稀释技术及基质匹配标准曲线,将基质抑制效应降低到最低,适用于大批量鱼类产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫和亮绿的检测。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定水产品中的孔雀石绿和结晶紫

目的建立高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测水产品中孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿、结晶紫、隐色结晶紫残留量的方法。方法待检水产品经乙腈提取,中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化, 0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤后用高效液相色谱串联质谱进行检测。结果 4种化合物在0～100.0ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999,检出限均可达到0.25μg/kg,回收率为85%～110%,相对标准偏差均小于10%。结论本方法使用试剂少、步骤简单,适用于大批量水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的检测。     

广州市水产品鱼类中孔雀石绿及结晶紫残留状况分析

目的了解广州市市售水产品鱼类中孔雀石绿及结晶紫的残留情况,为监管部门提供参考依据,为广大消费者提供消费指导。方法按GB/T 19857—2005《水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的测定》对所采集的鱼类样品中孔雀石绿及结晶紫的残留情况进行检测。结果检测的120份鱼类样品中孔雀石绿及其代谢物的检出率为6.67%(8/120)、结晶紫及其代谢物的检出率为0.83%(1/120),两者在淡水鱼中的检出率为8.91%(9/101),近海鱼中的检出率为0%(0/19)。不同种类养殖鱼间比较,桂花鱼的检出率最高,达40%(2/5)。结论广州市市售鱼类中存在孔雀石绿及其代谢物和结晶紫及其代谢物残留的情况,值得关注。     

水中孔雀石绿、结晶紫残留量的同时测定

建立固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中孔雀石绿、结晶紫的残留量。以硼氢化钾溶液将孔雀石绿、结晶紫还原为隐色孔雀石绿、隐色结晶紫,乙腈/二氯甲烷提取残留物,提取液依次通过酸性氧化铝柱/PRS柱净化、洗脱。结果表明:该方法能很好的除去水中的干扰物,方法回收率在84%～93%,隐色孔雀石绿的最低检出限为0.96μg/L,隐色结晶紫的最低检出限为1.02μg/L,适合于水中孔雀石绿、结晶紫的分析测定,具有良好的实验室应用前景。     

超高效液相色谱法快速测定水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫的含量

目的建立超高效液相色谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)测定水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫的含量。方法样品经加酸性氧化铝净化、乙腈旋涡振荡、硼氢化钾还原,超声提取,提取液真空浓缩近干后用乙腈溶解残渣。残渣液过串联酸性氧化铝AL-A柱和丙磺酸PRS柱,净化过程中在移除AL-A柱后,用3 mL水淋洗PRS柱,最后用乙酸铵和乙腈(1:1,V:V)洗脱,过滤供UPLC测定。结果孔雀石绿和结晶紫在0.5~500μg/L浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系。GB/T 20361-2006经改进后,回收率和重复性均满足国标方法的要求。结论该方法简便、准确、高效,适用于水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的快速检测。     

水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留检测技术的研究进展

三苯甲烷类染料孔雀石绿和结晶紫因具有抗菌等活性,常被违法用于水产养殖业。但孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢产物隐性孔雀石绿、隐性结晶紫均具有致癌性,所以水产品中这4种碱性染料的残留检测是食品安全分析的重要问题之一。本文就孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物的化学性质、危害性、使用状况、现有的前处理方法和仪器分析方法等进行了综述。由于水产品基质复杂,样品前处理尤为重要。基于固相萃取技术、Qu ECh ERS技术的高效液相色谱法、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法等方法,适合于水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫及其代谢物的快速同时检测,在实际检测中得到广泛应用。同位素稀释质谱法和混合模式色谱法等新型检测技术与新型净化材料将是检测孔雀石绿和结晶紫的发展新方向。     

一种高效检测水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的方法

提供了一种高效检测水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的方法。待检水产品以目标化合物相应的同位素为内标,经乙腈提取,中性氧化铝柱净化,孔径0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤后用高效液相色谱质谱联用仪检测。结果表明,对不同水产品进行结果验证,4种待测物(孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿、结晶紫、隐色结晶紫)的回收率为85%~120%,检出限均可达到0.5μg/kg,标准曲线相关系数0.999以上。与现有检测方法相比,该方法使用试剂少、步骤简单,适用于水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫的大批量检测。     

Modelling the long-term feed-to-fillet transfer of leuco crystal violet and leuco malachite green in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Leuco crystal violet (LCV) and leuco malachite green (LMG) are the main metabolites of two dyes that are forbidden for use in food production, but can be present at low background concentration in novel Atlantic salmon feed ingredients such as processed animal proteins (animal by-product [ABP]). In this study, the potential transfer of dietary LCV or LMG to the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon was investigated. The uptake and elimination rate kinetics were determined in seawater-adapted Atlantic salmon (initial weight 587 ± 148 g) fed two levels of either LCV- or LMG-enriched diets (~500 and 4000 µg kg^?1, respectively) for 40 days, followed by a 90-day depuration period with feeding on control diets (<0.15 μg kg^?1 LCV and LMG). A three-compartmental model was developed, based on a fillet fat, fillet muscle and a central body compartment comprising all other tissues. Model calibrations showed a good fit with measured values during overall uptake and elimination period; however, the model poorly predicted the short-term (days) peak measured values at the end of the exposure period. The model was used to simulate the long-term (>16 months) LCV and LMG feed-to-fillet transfer in Atlantic salmon under realistic farming conditions such as the seasonal fluctuations in feed intake, growth and fillet fat deposition. The model predictions gave highest expected LCV and LMG fillet concentrations of approximately 0.12 and 0.45 μg kg^?1, depending on the dietary levels of ABP and background level of LCV and LMG contamination. These levels are under the reference point for action of 2 µg kg^?1 for the sum of MG and LMG that EFSA assessed as adequate to protect public health. However, for LCV, the predicted highest levels exceed the analytical decision limit (CCα) of 0.15 µg kg^?1 for the method used in this paper.     

Use of Standing Gold Nanorods for Detection of Malachite Green and Crystal Violet in Fish by SERS

With growing consumption of aquaculture products, there is increasing demand on rapid and sensitive techniques that can detect prohibited substances in the seafood products. This study aimed to develop a novel surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method coupled with simplified extraction protocol and novel gold nanorod (AuNR) substrates to detect banned aquaculture substances (malachite green [MG] and crystal violet [CV]) and their mixture (1:1) in aqueous solution and fish samples. Multivariate statistical tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were used in data analysis. PCA results demonstrate that SERS can distinguish MG, CV and their mixture (1:1) in aqueous solution and in fish samples. The detection limit of SERS coupled with standing AuNR substrates is 1 ppb for both MG and CV in fish samples. A good linear relationship between the actual concentration and predicted concentration of analytes based on PLSR models with R² values from 0.87 to 0.99 were obtained, indicating satisfactory quantification results of this method. These results demonstrate that the SERS method coupled with AuNR substrates can be used for rapid and accurate detection of MG and CV in fish samples.     

4种烹饪方式对草鱼肉中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物消减的影响

目的探讨煮、蒸、炸和微波等4种烹饪方式对草鱼肉中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物消减的影响。方法在空白草鱼肉中添加孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿、结晶紫和隐色结晶紫后,分别用4种方式烹饪,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱测定药物的含量。结果结果表明:经过炸、微波、煮和蒸等烹饪方法处理后,鱼肉中的药物浓度分别降低了79.8%～93.7%、69.4%～91.2%、72.0%～86.2%和69.6%～77.8%。相同的烹饪方式,原药的消减速度均高于代谢物,药物的消减速率顺序为:炸微波煮蒸。结论高温加热能促进孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢产物的消减。     

Determination of malachite green and crystal violet in processed fish products

This paper presents analysis of malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) residues in processed fish products. Samples were homogenized and extracted with ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile. The extracted residues were partitioned into dichloromethane, in situ oxidized to chromic forms with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, and cleaned up on neutral alumina and propylsulfonic acid cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. MG and CV were determined at 618 and 588 nm using HPLC with a visible detector (LC–VIS) and confirmed by LC–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS). The recoveries were as follows: MG (74.8–83.8%), LMG (80.0–88.4%), CV (68.6–73.9%), and LCV (85.5–90.0%). The method modified in this study has been evaluated by application in-house to a survey of 253 processed fish products. As a result of monitoring, MG and CV were positive in one shrimp and one eel sample, respectively. Our results showed that regular monitoring of these antibiotic residues is recommended for protection of public health.     

养殖水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢产物的前处理方法研究

根据SN/T 1768-2006、GB/T 19857-2005、GB/T 20361-2006标准,比较适合以上标准的3种水产品前处理方法,即:固相萃取法、旋转蒸发法、氮气吹干法.采用液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS)检测水产品中孔雀石绿(MG)、结晶紫(CV)含量.以3种前处理方法所得回收率为指标,确定固相萃取法为适合的方法.换用不同的固相萃取小柱,对固相萃取法进行优化,以获得最大回收率.结果表明固相萃取小柱LH的最佳回收率超过88％,该固相小柱的重复使用回收率损失仅3％.该方法简便、快速、灵敏,适于水产品中孔雀石绿及其代谢物隐色孔雀石绿,结晶紫及其代谢物隐色结晶紫残留量的检测.