纤维素生物质综合利用,促进造纸业转型升级

造纸行业因为资源、环境等问题正面临着严峻的挑战,而生物炼制模式可以充分利用制浆厂的纤维原料,不仅生产传统的纸浆产品,还可以多元化生产纤维材料、化学品和生物质能源等高附加值产品,提高植物纤维原料的利用率,减少造纸厂废弃物的排放量。文章介绍了笔者最近几年在木质纤维生物炼制领域的原料预处理分离,纤维素、半纤维素及木质素综合利用等方面的最新研究进展,并对在制浆造纸厂实行纤维素生物质综合利用的可行性和发展前景进行了展望,以为困境中的造纸行业转型升级提供借鉴。     

木素的生物降解及酶的作用

木素的降解是木质纤维原料利用的重要处理环节。在制浆过程中，木素在一定的温度、压力和PH值下发生降解，放生产纸浆的同时也带来了能量消耗高、污染状况严重的问题。为了在降低能源消耗、控制环境污染的前提下持续地发展制浆造纸工业，制浆造纸工作者不断地进行着探索和努力。生物技术由于节省能耗、减轻污染以及独特的反应适应性等特点，近年来引起了制浆造纸工作者的兴趣和重视。制浆造纸工业的基本原料是木材和禾本科植物茎秆，化学法制浆是这些纤维原料的化学处理过程，制浆废液也是其在化学作用下的降解产物，而自然界中最重要的生…     

制浆造纸废水深度处理新技术与应用进展

目前制浆造纸废水中大部分发色的木素衍生物都难于被降解脱色,排出废水的色度和COD较高。因此,必须对制浆造纸废水进行深度处理,进一步降低出水的COD和色度,提高出水质量,以达到《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544—2008)的排放要求。文章着重介绍了国内外制浆造纸废水深度处理的最新技术,尤其对磁化预处理技术、生物酶深度处理技术、生物基因工程技术、复合仿生物酶技术、新型光催化氧化技术和组合技术的研发与应用进展进行了总结和分析。     

国内造纸期刊题录(摘录)

原料与备料竹浆产业与生态环境影响研究辉朝贸等西南造纸2003,1:4略论广西发展造纸工业的原料对策曹邦威西南造纸2003,1:11二次纤维的角质化损伤研究邵素英等上海造纸2003,1:16关注人造纤维工业发展加速国产高纯度漂白阔叶木浆的开发李晓东上海造纸2003,1:19江苏省造纸工业原料结构调整规划思路江苏省经济贸易委员会江苏造纸2003,1:2木素的研究与应用前景黄文荣等江苏造纸2003,1:19制浆生物酶用于废旧报纸脱墨的研究张久政等造纸科学与技术2003,1:14废纸脱墨技术与废纸脱墨剂的应用陆伟上海造纸2003,1:2麦草氧碱法制浆性能的研究童国林等上…     

非木材纤维制浆环保问题有新解

第四届国际非木材纤维浆造纸会议以“为在非木材纤维和二次纤维制浆造纸方面实现清洁生产和质量第一而努力”为主题,目的是促进我国造纸工业健康发展,解决非木材纤维制浆造纸的环保问题,吸取国外的先进技术,特别是在废纸回收方面的新技术。随着森林资源的日益匮乏,非木材纤维成为较重要造纸原料。但是,非木材原料制浆造纸存在诸多的技术和环保问题。这次会议上与会代表就麦草、芦苇、麻类以及二次纤维原料在制浆造纸中的技术难点和制浆造纸过程控制污染的发生和处理措施,探寻了许多新工艺、新技术,提出的非木材纤维和二次纤维的联合…     

国内造纸期刊题录(摘录)

原料与备料关于林纸一体化工程实施问题曹朴芳中华纸业2003,2:12广东省造纸工业发展及其原料结构调整的思路詹怀宇等中华纸业2003,2:22Metso化学制浆新技术──ChipWay木片制备技术TapaniHavu中华纸业2003,2:34废纸的再生与脱墨技术的现状及发展张效林等西南造纸2003,2:16重庆市造纸工业原料结构调整规划米庆元西南造纸2003,2:45化学纤维在特殊功能纸方面的开发应用万洪安等西南造纸2003,2:48玄武岩纤维/植物纤维复合材料及其性能的影响因素研究胡琳娜等造纸科学与技术2003,2:16制浆生产阔叶木化学浆与化学机械浆性能的对比研究孔凡功等国…     

国外废纸回用情况

随着造纸工业的发展,对纤维原料的需要量也日益增加。由于国外大多数国家以木材为主,而树木成材时间长,所以普遍存在着纤维原料缺乏的问题。为了解决原料困难,除了提高制浆得率、扩大森林复种面积、大量种植速生材、充分利用枝丫材及铇花锯末制浆、利用一年生植物纤维造纸以及用合成纤维造纸等途径外,对于废纸的回用问题,亦越来越为造纸界所重视。     

中国化学机械法制浆的生产现状、存在问题及发展趋势

化学机械法制浆具有原料适应性广、纸浆得率高、流程紧凑、设备投资省等优点,在中国得到了迅速发展。本文回顾了改革开放以来,中国化学机械法制浆生产的发展历程。在总结经验的基础上,指出了生产中存在的问题,对相关问题进行了分析并提出解决的技术建议,为相关装备制造和化学机械法制浆企业生产提供参考。随着国家废纸限制进口政策的实施,造纸工业纤维原料缺口增大,非木纤维原料高得率制浆技术将迎来一个新的发展机遇。     

开发造纸木材原料资源的积极探索

中国造纸学会于2000年7月在福建南平市召开了“加快发展木材制浆造纸研讨会”,出席会议的有关领导部门及企业代表与专家学者共同研讨了一个重要课题,即加快发展木材制浆造纸问题,探讨中国造纸工业纤维原料现代化的道路。近代世界造纸工业发展的历史经验表明：为了加速我国造纸工业的现代化进程,使中国不但是世界纸张的消费大国,而且是纸张生产的大国与强国,必须使造纸纤维原料现代化,即向以木材为主要原料的方向转移。近十几年来,纸、林两业的有识之士不断为此调研、呼吁,不少浆纸企业为扩大木材原料资源,付出了巨大努力并投入了…     

现阶段我国麦草原料制浆造纸生产状况解析

通过总结和分析国内4家麦草制浆造纸生产企业技术经济指标和原料、资源消耗等基础数据,了解我国麦草制浆造纸工业生产现状,结合国家“十二五”制浆造纸工业发展规划以及GB3544—2008标准等现行政策、法规所提出的具体要求,对现阶段我国麦草原料制浆造纸生产所面临的新形势、新问题提出具体分析,为相关企业以及管理部门确立今后麦草制浆造纸技术发展路线提供参考。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.