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为实现青稞酒糟的高值化利用,该研究在提取青稞酒糟蛋白基础上,以DPPH自由基清除率和还原力为指标优化了青稞酒糟蛋白酶解液的制备工艺,并对该酶解液的体外抗氧化活性和细胞保护作用进行了探究。结果表明:青稞水酒糟和青稞白酒糟均含有丰富的蛋白质,含量分别为31.46 g/100 g和18.47 g/100 g;超声纤维素酶法辅助碱提酸沉法对青稞水酒糟的蛋白提取率高达76.10%(m/m),白酒糟的为29.88%;碱性蛋白酶最适合用于青稞水酒糟蛋白的酶解,其最佳酶解条件为:料液比1:60(m/V),超声时间15 min,酶添加3.7%(m/m)及酶解时间3.5 h,此条件下制得的青稞水酒糟蛋白酶解液的DPPH自由基清除率高达95.02%;不同浓度的青稞水酒糟蛋白酶解液对HepG2细胞活力没有负面影响;随着青稞水酒糟蛋白酶解液浓度的升高,对经H2O2 诱导的细胞内ROS逐渐降低,酶解液浓度为5.0 mg/mL(m/V)时可使受损细胞内的ROS比损伤组低约50%。该研究成果可为青稞水酒糟蛋白酶解液的制备及其在保健食品、化妆品中的高值化利用提供参考。 相似文献
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白酒酒糟发酵后饲喂产蛋鸡效果试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
青海省地处青藏高原,盛产青稞,这里的居民素有豪饮的习俗,因而以青稞为原料的酿酒业十分发达。据统计,每年约有25万t的白酒酒糟出厂,其资源十分丰富。酒糟经发酵后,蛋白质含量提高,适口性好,而价格低,是一种可利用的丰富的蛋白质资源。目前,酒厂酒糟大多被农... 相似文献
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以青稞酒糟为原料,通过单因素和响应面分析对碱法提取β-葡聚糖的工艺进行优化研究。利用傅里叶红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)和高效排阻色谱-示差折射光检测器-多角度激光散射仪(high performance exclusion chromatography-differential refraction light detector-multi-angle laser scatterer, HPSEC-RID-MALLS)联用测定提取物中β-葡聚糖的结构和分子量,并对其加工特性及流变特性进行分析。结果显示最优提取条件为青稞酒糟与水以1:11料液比,pH 8.5条件下,80℃,600 rpm搅拌,提取β-葡聚糖3.5 h,β-葡聚糖提取率为16.29%。傅里叶红外光谱检测结果表明,提取样品中具有β-葡聚糖特征吸收峰,含有一定量蛋白质。提取物中β-葡聚糖重均分子量为7.84×104。提取物在高温和中性偏碱性条件下稳定,并呈现出良好的流变学特性。本试验提供了一种青稞酒糟中提取β-葡聚糖的方法,为青稞酒糟的综合加工、资源消耗降低及增值化利用提供新思路。 相似文献
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《中国食品添加剂》2020,(2):172-177
通过查阅青稞β-葡聚糖国内外相关文献,从其结构特性、保健功能、提取工艺、食品应用等方面进行整理与总结,主要介绍了青稞β-葡聚糖的多聚体结构、凝胶特性和流变特性,预防结肠癌、降低胆固醇等生理作用,水提取等提取工艺,以及现已开发的青稞类面食、饮品、食物赋形剂等产品。结果发现青稞β-葡聚糖的提取分离工艺已日渐完善,为进一步将其开发成其他产品提供了技术支持;再结合其多样的保健功能及理化性质,各类青稞β-葡聚糖产品已在市场上不断涌现,并且逐渐被青睐绿色健康产品的消费者所选择,因此其在食品工业,尤其在保健食品市场上具有良好的发展势头。最后本文展望了青稞β-葡聚糖的市场前景与研究发展方向,为青稞β-葡聚糖相关保健品的开发提供依据和借鉴。 相似文献
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以青稞粉为原料,采用挤压改性方法加工青稞预糊化粉,研究改性前后青稞粉的品质变化,不同配比青稞预糊化粉的粉质特性及改性操作条件对青稞面条品质特性的影响规律,为青稞面条产品的研发提供实践基础。结果表明,改性处理后,青稞内部形成细致多孔的海绵体,大分子营养物质被降解,淀粉稳定性增强;面条蒸煮损失率与淀粉的糊化程度间具有相关性。在适宜加工条件下制备的青稞预糊化粉,可以制作出青稞含量达60%,煮熟增重率为77.0%,蒸煮损失率为12.0%的青稞面条产品。 相似文献
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为促进中国青稞产业的发展,开发高附加值青稞产品。以萌动青稞为原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验进行萌动青稞米酒的制备及工艺优化,并分析其营养组成和香气成分。以感官评价为基础,通过测定酒精度、糖度和酸度,得到萌动青稞米酒的最佳制备工艺:甜酒曲添加量0.8%,培养时间60 h,培养温度28℃。相比于青稞米酒,萌动青稞米酒中总酚、黄酮和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量明显高,蛋白质、膳食纤维、β-葡聚糖和淀粉含量低。萌动青稞米酒中检测出102种挥发性化合物,以醛类、醇类、酯类物质化合物为主。试验结果丰富了青稞产品种类,对青稞新型饮品的开发具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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Dried distillers grains produced from a mix of 65% barley and 35% corn were evaluated in digestion and lactation experiments. Dried barley distillers grains had 56% NDF, 29% CP, 3% amino acid N, 2.5% NDIN (55% of total N), and 1.8% ADIN (39% of total N). Wet barley distillers grains had 38% NDF, 27% CP, 2.7% amino acid N, .5% NDIN (12% of total N), and .8% ADIN (19% of total N). Digestibility of DM and N was similar among lactating dairy cows fed diets containing approximately 25% corn silage DM, 15% alfalfa silage DM, 15% alfalfa hay DM, plus varying amounts of a corn-barley concentrate mix and supplemental CP from soybean meal, barley distillers grains, or from 1:1 mixture of soybean meal and barley distillers grains. Digestibility of ADIN, NDF, and ADF increased with increasing amounts of barley distillers grains in the diet. Similar diets were fed to 60 Holstein cows for 84 d in a lactation experiment. Source of supplemental protein did not affect milk production (22.5 kg/d), FCM (20.4 kg/d), milk fat percent (3.6%), or DM intake (19.0 kg/d). Milk protein percent was decreased by feeding barley distillers grains. It was concluded that barley distillers grains were an acceptable protein source for dairy cows and that ADIN and NDF might not be appropriate measures of the nutritional value of this product. 相似文献
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D.J. Schingoethe K.F. Kalscheur A.R. Hippen A.D. Garcia 《Journal of dairy science》2009,92(12):5802-5813
Distillers grains with solubles (DGS) is the major coproduct of ethanol production, usually made from corn, which is fed to dairy cattle. It is a good protein (crude protein, CP) source (>30% CP) high in ruminally undegradable protein (∼55% of CP) and is a good energy source (net energy for lactation of approximately 2.25 Mcal/kg of dry matter). The intermediate fat concentration (10% of dry matter) and readily digestible fiber (∼39% neutral detergent fiber) contribute to the high energy content in DGS. Performance was usually similar when animals were fed wet or dried products, although some research results tended to favor the wet products. Diets can contain DGS as partial replacement for both concentrates and forages, but DGS usually replaces concentrates. Adequate effective fiber was needed to avoid milk fat depression when DGS replaced forages in lactating cow diets. Nutritionally balanced diets can be formulated that contain 20% or more of the diet dry matter as DGS. Such diets supported similar or higher milk production compared with when cows were fed traditional feeds. Although DGS can constitute more than 30% of diet dry matter, gut fill may limit dry matter intake and production in diets with more than 20% wet DGS and that also contain other moist feeds. The fiber in DGS, which often replaces high-starch feeds, does not eliminate acidosis but minimizes its problems. Distillers solubles, which are often blended with distillers grains to provide DGS, can be fed separately as condensed corn distillers solubles. Other distillers coproducts besides DGS such as high-protein distillers grains, corn germ, corn bran, and low-fat distillers grains are becoming available. 相似文献
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Forty-five energy balances were completed with 12 multiparous, lactating Holstein cows in a study designed to determine the energy content of wet corn distillers grains. Treatments were applied in a repeated switchback design and consisted of total mixed diets containing 31.4% corn silage, 18.4% alfalfa hay, and either 30.7% rolled corn and 16.7% soybean meal or 17.0% rolled corn and 31.2% wet corn distillers grains (dry matter basis). Replacement of corn and soybean meal with wet corn distillers grains reduced dry matter intake 10.9% but did not affect milk production. Neither digestible nor metabolizable energy were affected by diet composition. Heat and milk energy output did not differ by diet, but body energy retained was 2.8 Mcal/d less in cows fed the wet corn distillers grains diet. Multiple regression estimates of maintenance metabolizable energy requirement and partial efficiencies of metabolizable energy used for lactation and body energy deposition did not differ by diet. Pooled estimates were 136.2, 0.66, and 0.85, kcal of metabolizable energy/ body weight0.75 per day, respectively. Calculated by difference, wet corn distillers grains was estimated to contain 4.09, 3.36, and 2.27 Mcal/kg of dry matter as digestible, metabolizable, and lactational net energy, respectively. These energy estimates were 7 to 11% and 10 to 15%, respectively, greater than those reported for dried corn distillers grains by the 1989 and 2001 dairy NRC publications. 相似文献
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Twelve lactating Holstein cows were utilized in a repeated switchback design to evaluate milk production and milk fat composition responses to wet corn distillers grains. Total mixed diets consisted of 31.4% corn silage, 18.4% alfalfa hay, and either 50.2% of a concentrate mix that contained mostly corn and soybean meal or 19.4% of a concentrate mix that contained mostly corn and 31.2% wet corn distillers grains. The first 4 wk of each 6-wk period were for adaptation to diets; data were collected during wk 5 and 6 of each period. Although dry matter intake (22.1 vs. 19.7 kg/d) was lower when cows were fed the wet corn distillers grains diet, milk production (30.7 vs. 30.8 kg/d) was similar for cows fed both diets. Milk fat (3.60 vs. 3.85%) was slightly higher, and protein (3.06 vs. 2.84%) was lower, when cows were fed the wet corn distillers grains diet. Milk fat from cows fed wet corn distillers grains contained lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids and higher concentrations of long-chain and unsaturated fatty acids. The feeding of wet corn distillers grains increased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat without changing milk production. 相似文献
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Fifty-four multiparous Holstein cows were used to compare the influence of intake on digestibility of three diets. All diets contained a 50:50 ratio (dry basis) of ammoniated corn silage and concentrate. The control concentrates consisted of corn, oats, and soybean meal. The two test concentrates contained either 43.8% soyhulls or 71.6% corn distillers dried grains with solubles. Each diet was fed at three intakes. Dry cows were fed one times maintenance intake, cows producing 10 to 20 kg milk daily were fed at twice maintenance, and cows producing 27 to 49 kg daily were fed ad libitum (four times maintenance). Digestibilities of DM for the control, distillers grains, and soyhull diets, respectively, were: for dry cows, 84.1, 66.6, and 78.8%; for medium producers, 76.6, 53.8, and 74.2% and for high producers, 60.5, 44.3, and 62.8%. At ad libitum intake, the DM, NDF, ADF, and CP digestibilities were lower for control than for the soyhulls diet. Discounts per unit of maintenance of 9.3, 11.2, and 6.8% were obtained for the control, distillers grains, and soyhull diets. These results confirm the generally accepted concept of energy discounts for grain-soybean meal diets, but discounts were higher than reported previously. Compared with the control diet soyhulls appears to lower, and distillers grains increase, the discount. 相似文献
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Corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has high feed value due to its nutritive contents. The ratio of wet distillers grains (WDG) and condensed distillers solubles (CDS) added during the production process determines the chemical composition of DDGS. Effect of changing this ratio on water sorption behaviour of DDGS, at different temperature, was studied. Five mathematical models were evaluated to explain the sorption behaviour of DDGS. Prediction of sorption isotherm from chemical composition using a four-component model was also investigated. DDGS followed a BET Type III isotherm with higher equilibrium moisture content at increasing relative humidity. Difference in the sorption isotherm curves of DDGS samples reduced as equilibrium relative humidity increased. Equilibrium moisture content of DDGS samples reduced with lowering of CDS quantity added during production process. Modified Halsey equation was found suitable for mathematically explaining the sorption behaviour of DDGS. Binding energy of water molecule with DDGS increased with lowering of CDS level. Sorption behaviour of DDGS can be predicted from the chemical composition of protein, sugar, minerals, starch, fibre and glycerol. Increase in CDS level increased the percent relative deviation of predicted values calculated using the modified four-component model and might be due to the interaction between the chemical compounds present in the samples. 相似文献
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New fractionation and fermentation technologies in the ethanol industry have resulted in the production of different forms of distillers grains (DG). Such products are reduced-fat, high-protein, and “modified” wet feeds. Characterization of protein fractions of these co-products and other commonly used feedstuffs is important for the formulation of dairy cattle diets. In situ and in vitro techniques were conducted to compare crude protein (CP) availability in 4 DG products with commonly used soybean proteins. Soybean protein products included solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM; 44% CP), expeller soybean meal (ESBM), and extruded soybeans (ES). The DG products were conventional distillers dried grains with solubles, reduced-fat distillers dried grains with solubles (RFDGS), high-protein distillers dried grains, and modified wet distillers grains with solubles (MWDGS). Nylon bags containing 5 g of each feed were incubated in the rumen of 3 cannulated lactating cows for 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. The rapidly degradable CP fraction varied from 8.1 to 37.2% for SBM and MWDGS, respectively. The slowly degradable CP fraction was greatest for SBM, ES, and high-protein distillers dried grains (88.0% ± 3.7), followed by ESBM, distillers dried grains with solubles, and RFDGS (76.8 ± 4.1%). The MWDGS had the lowest slowly degradable CP fraction (61.1%). The rate of degradation of the slowly degradable CP fraction ranged from 11.8 for SBM to 2.7%/h for RFDGS. Rumen-undegradable protein varied widely (32.3 to 60.4%), with RFDGS having the greatest and SBM the lowest concentrations. Intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegradable protein (IDP) was estimated by pepsin-pancreatin digestion of ruminally preincubated (16 h) samples. The IDP was greatest for SBM, ESBM, and ES (97.7% ± 0.75), whereas IDP of DG products was 92.4% ± 0.87. Similarly, total digestible protein was greatest (99.0%) for soybean products, whereas DG products had a total digestible protein of 96.0%. Intestinal digestibility of most AA in DG products exceeded 92% and was slightly lower than for soybean products, except for Lys, where the digestibility was 84.6% for DG compared with 97.3% for soybean products. Absorbable Lys was lower for DG (7.0 g/kg of CP) compared with ESBM and ES (average of 23.8 g/kg of CP). Dried DG, ESBM, and ES provided more absorbable AA compared with SBM and MWDGS. These results suggest that the AA availability from DG products is comparable with that from soybean products. 相似文献