Principles of Hyperspectral Microscope Imaging Techniques and Their Applications in Food Quality and Safety Detection: A Review

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques play an important role in the food industry for providing rapid, nondestructive, and chemical‐free detection method, whereas a microscope can provide detailed information about the microstructure of a food item. As an emerging imaging spectroscopy technique, hyperspectral microscope imaging (HMI) technique combines the advantages of HSI with microscopic imaging and has been gradually applied in the food industry. This review introduces the principles of different kinds of HMI techniques, such as fluorescence HMI, visible/near‐infrared HMI, Raman HMI, and infrared HMI. Moreover, detailed applications of HMI techniques are summarized, including evaluation of structures of nutrients, and detection of microorganisms and residues. On the other hand, some challenges and future trends in the applications of these techniques are also discussed. It is concluded that by integrating HSI with microscopy, HMI can not only provide both spectral and spatial information about food substances but also provide their chemical information at the molecular or cellular level. Therefore, HMI techniques have great potentials in nondestructive evaluation of structures of nutrients, and detection of microorganisms and residues for the food industry.     

A Review of Hyperspectral Imaging for Chicken Meat Safety and Quality Evaluation: Application,Hardware, and Software

Food quality and safety issues have received widespread attention around the world. Traditional analytical methods are cumbersome, time consuming, and disruptive. Consumers and businesses are in desperate need of a fast, nondestructive test to evaluate the safety and quality of food. Chicken is an important food source for the human diet and has a high consumption rate. Its quality and safety issues are especially important. The hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique combines the main characteristics of the spectroscopy technique and the imaging technique to achieve fast, nondestructive testing and demonstrates great potential for evaluating the food safety and quality of chicken. For the past few years, there have been many studies on the HSI technique for the detection and evaluation of chicken meat safety and quality. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide a detailed overview of the HSI technique for microbiological safety detection and quality attribute assessments of chicken meat. In addition, the hardware and software used in the HSI systems are also summarized and compared. Finally, some opinions on the focus of future research and its applications in the modern poultry industry are presented.     

光谱检测技术在食品安全检测中的应用

随着社会对食品安全问题的越发关注,食品安全检测技术的市场初见扩大和成熟,要求食品安全检测更为准确、广泛、快速。光谱检测技术以无损高效的优势在食品安全检测领域应用逐渐增多,其中近红外光谱检测技术、拉曼光谱检测技术、高光谱成像检测技术、X射线检测技术、荧光光谱检测技术以及太赫兹波谱检测技术尤为突出。因为产生原理和特性的不同,以上几种光谱检测技术在不同的食品安全检测领域有不同的应用,且适用范围受穿透性、准确度、检测速度、对有机物的分辨能力等性能影响。本文阐述了以上几种光谱检测技术的产生原理和特点,对当前国内外研究成果进行了总结,并对光谱检测技术在食品安全领域的应用做出展望。     

生鲜肉品质安全无损伤检测技术研究进展

生鲜肉品质安全无损检测技术是肉品品质检测的关键技术,日益受到肉制品生产加工企业的重视。本文介绍了国内外肉品无损检测技术的研究情况,包括用于肉品外部品质检测的机器视觉和图像处理技术、用于肉品内外部多品质同时检测的光谱技术、用于胴体检测分级的超声波技术和X射线技术等。研究表明,以上技术可以对胴体和肉品的品质参数进行快速无损检测,但这些研究大部分停留在实验系统的开发阶段,没有大规模用于工业生产。文中指出,为满足工业生产无损检测的要求,需要将多种检测技术、检测手段进行融合和集成,利用多种信息对肉品品质安全进行无损检测,开发出用于工业生产的在线无损检测系统。     

Food Safety Evaluation Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging: A Review

In recent years, due to the increasing consciousness of food safety and human health, much progress has been made in developing rapid and nondestructive techniques for the evaluation of food hazards, food authentication, and traceability. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and imaging techniques have gained wide acceptance in many fields because of their advantages over other analytical techniques. Following a brief introduction of NIR spectroscopy and imaging basics, this review mainly focuses on recent NIR spectroscopy and imaging applications for food safety evaluation, including (1) chemical hazards detection; (2) microbiological hazards detection; (3) physical hazards detection; (4) new technology-induced food safety concerns; and (5) food traceability. The review shows NIR spectroscopy and imaging to be effective tools that will play indispensable roles for food safety evaluation. In addition, on-line/real-time applications of these techniques promise to be a huge growth field in the near future.     

Wavelet Analysis of Signals in Agriculture and Food Quality Inspection

Food quality and safety have become the top priorities for agriculture and food processing industry due to the increasing consumer demand for high-quality healthy food. The food processing industry is currently focusing on using fast, precise, and nondestructive automated quality inspection techniques. Near-infrared spectroscopy, image processing, hyperspectral imaging, X-rays, and ultrasonic techniques have been researched and shown to have high potential for automated inspection. The biggest challenge in the automated inspection systems deals with signal pre-processing, denoising, feature extraction, and its re-synthesis for classification purposes. Several research studies have established that the technique of wavelet analysis can very well resolve these issues of signal processing in many systems used for quality inspection of agricultural and food products. The objective of this paper is to discuss the theory of wavelet analysis and review its application in signal processing and feature extraction for quality monitoring of agricultural and food products.     

拉曼光谱在粮食检测中的应用

拉曼光谱技术是一种能够实现快速、无损检测的高效检测技术,且加上拉曼光谱仪的操作简单、结果准确等特点,目前该技术已被广泛的应用于生物、医药、材料等诸多领域,在粮食品质、结构检测方面同样具有良好的应用前景。数据显示,每年受重金属污染的粮食高达1200万吨,引起了人们的担忧及重视,如何实现粮食污染的简单快速鉴别,成为人们关心的问题。在此背景下,本文就当前拉曼光谱这一无损检测技术在粮食检测领域中的应用进行了综述,以期为今后粮食的快速检测方法提供相应支持。文章介绍了拉曼光谱技术的原理、分类以及拉曼光谱仪的结构,综述了拉曼光谱技术在大米、小麦、玉米等主要粮食检测中的应用现状,并对其今后的研究发展前景进行展望。     

Application of hyperspectral imaging in food safety inspection and control: a review

Food safety is a great public concern, and outbreaks of food-borne illnesses can lead to disturbance to the society. Consequently, fast and nondestructive methods are required for sensing the safety situation of produce. As an emerging technology, hyperspectral imaging has been successfully employed in food safety inspection and control. After presenting the fundamentals of hyperspectral imaging, this paper provides a comprehensive review on its application in determination of physical, chemical, and biological contamination on food products. Additionally, other studies, including detecting meat and meat bone in feedstuffs as well as organic residue on food processing equipment, are also reported due to their close relationship with food safety control. With these applications, it can be demonstrated that miscellaneous hyperspectral imaging techniques including near-infrared hyperspectral imaging, fluorescence hyperspectral imaging, and Raman hyperspectral imaging or their combinations are powerful tools for food safety surveillance. Moreover, it is envisaged that hyperspectral imaging can be considered as an alternative technique for conventional methods in realizing inspection automation, leading to the elimination of the occurrence of food safety problems at the utmost.     

高光谱成像在食品质量评估方面的研究进展与应用(一)

近年来频发的国内食品质量与安全问题受到全社会的高度重视。因此,需要采用现代化检测技术快速、准确获取食品品质和安全信息。高光谱成像技术是一项将光谱与成像科学相结合的光学分析技术。通过同时获取食品的光谱和空间图像信息,高光谱成像技术能够快速、无损获取食品的品质信息及其空间分布,从而实现食品内外部品质信息的全方位检测,因此在食品安全检测应用领域具有巨大潜力。本文介绍了高光谱成像技术的基本原理,并综述了其在肉类品质检验方面的研究进展。     

核磁共振在食品掺假检测中的应用

食品掺假作为当今社会最热门的食品问题之一,如何更有效地检测掺假物或掺假比例对解决这一问题至关重要。核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)技术因能快速无损地得到样品的理化特性及结构等信息,在近年来受到极大的关注。本文从碘值、固体脂肪含量、弛豫特性、扩散率和特定信号等常用检测参数方面来介绍核磁共振在食用油脂、牛奶和蜂蜜等食品掺假检测中的应用。作为一种较新的掺假检测技术,核磁共振技术目前在国内食品掺假方面的应用还不广泛,相较于现有的一些食品掺假检测技术,NMR技术具有快速无损、操作方便等优点,在未来的食品掺假检测方面将会有很大的发展前景。     

光谱无损检测技术在农产品产地溯源中的研究进展

实现农产品产地溯源的无损检测,是建立农产品质量安全追溯体系的重要途径,也是保障食品安全质量、维护消费者合法权益的有效手段。相比于传统的检测方法,无损检测技术因其能实现不破坏被检样品的同时获取内外部有效信息的优点而被广泛应用于食品的产地溯源领域。本文主要概述了近红外光谱、高光谱成像、拉曼光谱三种光谱检测技术的原理及其在不同种类可食用农产品产地溯源中的最新应用现状,得出各光谱检测技术在农产品产地鉴别方面具有一定的可行性,同时对未来的研究方向作了展望,以期为农产品产地溯源的无损检测技术体系研究提供理论参考。     

光谱技术在生鲜肉品质安全快速检测的研究进展

光谱技术作为无损快速检测技术在肉品行业中得到广泛应用.该技术能实现生鲜肉快速、在线、准确、无损检测,是各类生鲜肉品质安全分析的重要技术之一.文章综述了近红外光谱、拉曼光谱、高光谱成像技术、荧光光谱等光谱技术在生鲜肉品质检测和安全评定上的重要应用和研究进展.主要包括水分、蛋白质及脂肪等影响肉类营养品质的组成成分分析,肉品食用品质如嫩度、大理石花纹、肉色及新鲜度等指标的评价,肉品加工品质如保水性并由此实行肉类分级的检测以及生鲜肉在微生物污染等安全品质的评定.同时分析各种光谱技术的现状提出存在的问题,并针对目前发展趋势展望了该技术的前景:光谱技术通过与机器视觉技术等新型无损检测技术的有机融合,将实现在线检测评价生鲜肉品质安全的目标.     

Applications of Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Food Safety Evaluation and Control: A Review of Recent Research Advances

Food safety is a critical public concern, and has drawn great attention in society. Consequently, developments of rapid, robust, and accurate methods and techniques for food safety evaluation and control are required. As a nondestructive and convenient tool, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely shown to be a promising technique for food safety inspection and control due to its huge advantages of speed, noninvasive measurement, ease of use, and minimal sample preparation requirement. This review presents the fundamentals of NIRS and focuses on recent advances in its applications, during the last 10 years of food safety control, in meat, fish and fishery products, edible oils, milk and dairy products, grains and grain products, fruits and vegetables, and others. Based upon these applications, it can be demonstrated that NIRS, combined with chemometric methods, is a powerful tool for food safety surveillance and for the elimination of the occurrence of food safety problems. Some disadvantages that need to be solved or investigated with regard to the further development of NIRS are also discussed.     

Emerging Spectroscopic and Spectral Imaging Techniques for the Rapid Detection of Microorganisms: An Overview

Microorganism contamination and foodborne disease outbreaks are of public concern worldwide. As such, the food industry requires rapid and nondestructive methods to detect microorganisms and to control food quality. However, conventional methods such as culture and colony counting, polymerase chain reaction, and immunoassay approaches are laborious, time‐consuming and require trained personnel. Therefore, the emergence of rapid analytical methods is essential. This review introduces 6 spectroscopic and spectral imaging techniques that apply infrared spectroscopy, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, and multispectral imaging for microorganism detection. Recent advances of these technologies from 2011 to 2017 are outlined. Challenges in the application of these technologies for microorganism detection in food matrices are addressed. These emerging spectroscopic and spectral imaging techniques have the potential to provide rapid and nondestructive detection of microorganisms. They should also provide complementary information to enhance the performance of conventional methods to prevent disease outbreaks and food safety problems.     

Recent Advances in De‐Noising Methods and Their Applications in Hyperspectral Image Processing for the Food Industry

There is great interest in developing hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques for rapid and nondestructive inspection of food quality, safety, and authenticity. In recent years, image quality has been constantly improved through advances in instrumentation, particularly in more powerful detectors. Nevertheless, pretreatment of data by de‐noising is a necessary step to insure clean HSI datasets for further analysis. This review first introduces the typical and commonly used de‐noising methods in HSI that correct for undesirable variations and remove noisy variables. Their advantages, disadvantages, and implementation are also discussed by giving examples of recent applications in the food industry. Finally, some advice is given for selecting the de‐noising methods that are best suited for a particular application. This review offers an overview of the most frequently applied methods and the latest progress made in HSI de‐noising in food applications. It provides systematic insight into future trends for generating high‐accuracy predictions regarding food safety and quality.     

Discrimination of Kernel Quality Characteristics for Sunflower Seeds Based on Multispectral Imaging Approach

Multispectral imaging in the visible and near-infrared (405–970 nm) regions was tested for nondestructive discrimination of insect-infested, moldy, heterochromatic, and rancidity in sunflower seeds. An excellent classification (accuracy >97 %) for intact sunflower seeds could be achieved using Fisher’s linear discriminant function based on 10 feature wavelengths that were selected from the original 19 wavelengths by Wilks’ lambda stepwise method. Intact sunflower seeds with different degree of rancidity could be precisely clustered by multispectral imaging technology combined with principal component analysis-cluster analysis (PCA-CA). Our results demonstrate the capability of multispectral imaging technology as a tool for rapid and nondestructive analysis of seed quality attributes, which enables many applications in the agriculture and food industry.     

傅里叶变换拉曼光谱在食品行业的应用

人们对于食品行业历来有着很高的关注度,食品检测、食品安全等各方面都成为了企业和社会关注的焦点问题。随着检测技术的不断发展,傅里叶变换拉曼(Fourier transform Raman, FT-Raman)光谱技术作为一种能够快速、无损、准确的光谱分析方法,已经在农业、医学、考古学等领域证明了其价值,在食品行业也得到了越来越多的应用。各种研究报告表明,除了仅通过光谱的视觉差异信息进行物质判别之外,FT-Raman光谱结合化学计量工具或与其他光谱手段进行联合分析,提供了更多可以应用在食品行业的高效检测、判别手段。本文简述了有关FT-Raman光谱技术的一些基本原理,综述了近10年(2010～2019)中FT-Raman光谱在食品行业中的应用,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Recent Applications of Spectroscopic and Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques with Chemometric Analysis for Rapid Inspection of Microbial Spoilage in Muscle Foods

Muscle food is one of the most perishable food products because of its vulnerability to microbial spoilage, which can result in critical food safety problems. Traditional techniques for detection and evaluation of microbial spoilage in muscle foods are tedious, laborious, destructive, and time‐consuming. In recent years, spectroscopic and imaging technologies have shown great potentials for the assessment of food quality and safety due to their nondestructive, noninvasive, cost‐effective, and rapid responsive nature. This review focuses on the applications of several valuable spectroscopic techniques including visible and near‐infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging for the rapid and nondestructive detection of microbial spoilage in common muscle foods such as meat, poultry, fish, and related products. Combined with chemometric analysis, such as spectral preprocessing and modeling methods, these potential technologies have been successfully developed for the determination of total viable count, aerobic plate count, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, and lactic acid bacteria loads in muscle foods. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed and some perspectives about future trends are also presented.     

Advanced synchrotron-based and globar-sourced molecular (micro) spectroscopy contributions to advances in food and feed research on molecular structure,mycotoxin determination,and molecular nutrition

ABSTRACT

Mycotoxin contamination has been a worldwide problem for food and feeds production for a long time. There is an obviously increased focus of the food and feed industry toward the reduction of mycotoxin concentration in both the raw materials and finished products. Therefore, both effective qualitative and quantitative techniques for the determination of mycotoxins are required to minimize their harmful effects. Conventional wet chemical methods usually are time-consuming, expensive, and rely on complex extraction and cleanup pretreatments. Synchrotron-based and globar-based molecular spectroscopy have shown great potential to be developed as rapid and nondestructive tools for the determination of molecular structure, molecular nutrition and mycotoxins in feed and food. This article reviews the common types of mycotoxins in feed and food, their toxicity, as well as the conventional detection methods. The principle of advanced molecular spectroscopy techniques and their application prospects for mycotoxin detection are discussed. Recent progress in food and feed research with molecular spectroscopy techniques is highlighted. This review provides a potential and insight into how to determine the structure and mycotoxins of feed and food on a molecular basis with advanced Synchrotron-based and globar-based molecular (micro) spectroscopy.     

生物传感器在食品检测领域的应用研究进展

近年来食品安全事故频繁发生,食品的安全问题被广泛关注.现阶段,谷物、蔬菜、水果等农产品的种植及采摘后的加工处理过程虽均在相对安全卫生的条件下进行,但因环境污染及使用化学药品处理,处理后的食品是否依旧安全可靠存在较大的不确定性.传统食品检测技术操作复杂、专业性强、仪器设备贵且无法实现现场操作,而生物传感器操作简单、可重复...