芒果原浆、芒果糖浆的研制

本文研究了以芒果为原料加工成芒果原浆、芒果糖浆的适宜加工品种、加工工艺和配方、色泽风味保持、产品评价,提出了适宜加工品种、合理工艺和操作要点、产品配方和质量标准。是一项适宜芒果产地的芒果加工技术。     

Egyptian mango by-product 1. Compositional quality of mango seed kernel

Egyptian mango seeds were collected as wastes from local fruit processing units and the kernels were separated and dried. This study was carried out on mango seed kernels to clarify their proximate composition, amino acids, phenolic compounds and the characteristics of the extracted oil including unsaponifiable matter constituents, lipid classes and fatty acid composition. Mango seed kernels contained a considerable amount of total phenolic compounds, total lipid, unsaponifiable matter, and a low amount of crude protein, but the quality of protein was good because it was rich in all essential amino acids. Eight phenolic compounds were identified; tannin and vanillin were in highest amounts. Unsaponifiable matter showed the occurrence of high amounts of squaline followed by sterols and tocopherols. Stearic acid was the main saturated fatty acid, while oleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid in all lipid classes. The fatty acid composition of total lipid and neutral lipid was similar, while phospholipid had a high amount of palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids.     

芒果酒的研制

芒果果实富含碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素A、维生素B、维生素C和钙、磷、铁等营养成分。以芒果为主要原料,经酵母菌发酵后,可酿造出优质可口,风味独特的芒果酒。     

芒果果脯的研制

以芒果为原料 ,辅以陈皮、香辛料、糖、盐等经盐腌、糖渍、干燥等工艺过程 ,制得色、香、味具佳、口感好、风味独特的果脯新产品 ,为芒果的多种加工方式探索出新途径 ,给食品工业市场增添了新产品、为生产提供某些工艺参数。     

芒果果茶的研制

以芒果为主要原料,配以奶粉、白糖等辅料经科学加工制成有益于身体健康的天然饮料。主要介绍芒果果茶的加工工艺,经正交试验确定了最佳配方。     

芒果香精的调配

分析了芒果易挥发的香气化学成分,通过青香韵,果汁香韵,酸香香韵,木香香韵,焦甜香韵,果甜香韵,牛奶香韵,玫瑰甜香韵,热带水果香韵对芒果香气进行阐述。经过精心设计的3组调香配方实验,表明2#芒果香精配方的是与成熟的芒果较为接近,它具有浓郁的,新鲜的,多汁的,甜中带青的果香,带有热带水果的特征香气,且带有浆果果香气,体香厚实,留香长,香精整体协调自然,与目标产品接近。     

芒果果醋发酵条件的试验研究

对芒果果醋发酵条件进行了研究。结果表明:芒果经预处理后,采用在37℃条件下、1∶15的复水比、含糖量8%的水溶液活化20min后接种进行酒精发酵,酒精发酵的发酵温度30℃、时间48~60h。再经醋酸发酵,发酵温度为30℃、时间72h。可制得的芒果果醋醋酸质量分数5%～7%,Vc含量≥30mg/L。可溶性固形物质量分数3.0%。同时经比较研究认为采用通气搅拌可提高总酸的质量分数(相对静置发酵),通气搅拌和分割加醪取醋可缩短发酵时间,提高转化率。     

Antimicrobial activity of mango sap

Mango is an important tropical fruit. During harvesting of the fruit, sap oozes out at the abscission zone, which is separable into an aqueous phase (AP) and a non-aqueous phase (NAP). The sap from different Indian mango varieties was tested against different fungi and bacteria to evaluate its anti-microbial activity. Fusarium moniliforme was found to be the most resistant and Penicillium spp. the most sensitive to the NAP of sap. Likewise, the NAP of sap was least effective against Escherichia coli while Bacillus cereus was most sensitive to it. The AP of sap did not show antimicrobial activity even at higher concentrations. The most effective anti-fungal activity was exhibited by mango sap from the Mallika variety, whereas sap from different varieties showed variable anti-bacterial activity. Mango sap has a typical raw mango aroma. This combined with its anti-microbial properties may make it suitable for use as a preservative and a flavoring agent in food.     

风味芒果果酒生产工艺研究

以果胶酶处理后的芒果浆为原料,经正交试验得出芒果酒的最佳发酵条件为酵母2%,起始糖度12%,温度32℃,pH4.0。发酵后的果酒再经果露酒调配并陈酿,最终可以得到色香味俱佳的风味芒果酒。     

芒果加工技术研究进展

对近年来国内外关于芒果加工技术的研究成果进行综述,主要涉及芒果饮品类、芒果干制品类、芒果皮和核的综合利用类及芒果加工新技术等方面,旨在为芒果产业与芒果加工技术的进一步结合提供理论帮助.     

Nutritive value of mango seed kernel

Seed kernels of two cultivars (Chausa and Dusheri) of mango (Mangifera indica) were analysed for chemical composition, lipid classes, fatty acid composition, amino acid profile and chemical evaluation of protein quality. The seed kernels constituted about 18% of the total fruit and had 5% protein, 6–7% crude fat, 0.19–0.44% tannins, iodine value of 34–44 and saponification number 202–213. Oleic acid (42%) and stearic acid (39%) were the principal fatty acids in the oil. The in vitro digestibility was low in these cultivars, possibly due to the presence of tannins. Sulphur-containing amino acids (methionine+cystine) and isoleucine were the limiting amino acids in Chausa and Dusheri, respectively. The essential amino acid index and protein quality index were high, thus indicating the good quality of the protein in mango seed kernel.     

Analysis of volatile compounds of mango wine

The volatile compounds of mango wine were isolated by continuous solvent extraction and analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 102 volatile constituents were identified and quantified. The mango wine accounted for about 9 mg/l of volatile compounds, which included 40 esters, 15 alcohols, 12 terpenes, 8 acids, 6 aldehydes and ketones, 4 lactones, 2 phenols, 2 furans, and 13 miscellaneous compounds. Isopentanol and 2-phenylethanol were the major constituents. A tentative study to estimate the contribution of the identified compounds to the aroma of the wine, on the basis of their odour activity values, indicated that the compounds potentially most important to mango wine included ethyl butanoate and decanal.     

Egyptian mango by-product 2: Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extract and oil from mango seed kernel

Egyptian mango seeds were collected as wastes from local fruit processing units, the kernels were separated and dried. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of mango seed kernel extract and oil were investigated. The results indicated that combination of both mango seed kernel extract and oil had optimum antioxidant potency higher than each one alone. Addition of 400 ppm methanol extract and 5% mango seed kernel oil increased the oxidative stability of sunflower oil incubated at ambient temperature as well as sunflower oil during frying. Moreover, both extract and oil improved the stability and quality characteristics of fresh and stored potato chips. On the other hand, mango seed kernel extract reduced total bacterial count, inhibited coliforms growth, showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli strain and extended the shelf-life of pasteurized cow milk. These results provide useful information on the utilization of mango seed kernel as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial in foods.     

芒果真空冷冻干燥工艺的研究

以百色象牙芒为原料,采用真空冷冻干燥的方法,对芒果干燥过程的漂烫工艺、护色工艺以及真空冷冻干燥的参数控制等问题进行研究。结果显示:沸水烫的温度为95℃,漂烫时间为45s时,漂烫效果最好;0.30mol/L×10-3苹果酸和0.20mol/L×10-3抗坏血酸的复合液,护色时间10min,复合液pH3.5,此时的护色效果最佳;干燥过程分为升华干燥阶段和解析干燥阶段,升华干燥阶段,真空度为45~55Pa,加热板温度为35℃;解析干燥阶段,真空度为45~55Pa、加热板温度为55℃,此时干燥的产品品质最优。     

芒果酒的研制

利用嗜杀葡萄酒酵母对芒果酒发酵进行试验,用一般酒用的高活性酵母做对比实验,对比结果显示：嗜杀酵母能净化发酵体系,缩短发酵周期,提高出酒率,稳定酒质,具有酒脚少,易于分离等特点。     

芒果压差预冷数学模型的建立

为了研究芒果预冷过程中的温度变化规律,建立了芒果中心温度在不同工况下的数学方程.通过对实验数据进行非线性回归分析,确定了冷风速度和模型系数之间的关系,得到了芒果温度随风速和时间变化的规律.所有方程的相关系数都在0.98以上,说明其可以很好的描述芒果预冷过程.     

Effects of benzylaminopurine on mango fruit ripening

The total and reducing sugars, organic acid and free amino acid contents of the edible portions of mango (cv. Boribo) were determined in unripe and ripe fruits, both treated and untreated with benzylaminopurine (BA).Total and reducing sugar contents were increased and organic acids and free amino acid contents were decreased after ripening in both cases. Benzylaminopurine delayed ripening and the composition of the ripe fruit was different from that of the untreated control.     

芒果醋的酿造工艺研究

以芒果为原料，经酒精发酵和醋酸发酵制得芒果果醋。添加0．15％-0．2％的果胶酶进行酶解处理，解决了芒果中含有大量果胶不利于发酵的问题；固定化酵母进行酒精发酵，缩短了澄清时间。产品风味纯正，带有蜜甜味，是一种有营养价值的保健型果醋。