改性抗菌聚乙烯醇包装薄膜的性能研究

为了开发新型的食品抗菌包装薄膜,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基膜,添加季铵盐壳聚糖,茶多酚,丙酸钙/对羟基苯甲酸乙酯几种抗菌剂制备成改性抗菌PVA薄膜。研究结果表明,加入质量分数为2%季铵盐壳聚糖,0.5%茶多酚,1.5%丙酸钙/0.5%对羟基苯甲酸乙酯均不同程度减小了PVA薄膜的断裂伸长率;加入0.5%茶多酚减小了薄膜的抗拉强度,其他抗菌剂则增大了薄膜的抗拉强度;所有抗菌剂均增加了薄膜的摩擦系数、雾度,降低了其透光率;提高了薄膜的水蒸气透过系数、溶胀率和溶解率;改变了PVA薄膜的颜色;几种抗菌剂改性PVA薄膜均对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌产生了较好的抑菌效果。经研究,改性后的PVA薄膜具有较好的包装和抑菌性能,是一种新型的功能型活性食品包装。     

MgO纳米颗粒增强壳聚糖复合薄膜及其抗菌性能研究

采用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）/碳酸镁预聚物原位合成方法制备球形氧化镁（MgO）纳米颗粒,与壳聚糖复合制备壳聚糖/MgO复合薄膜,研究其力学性能、热稳定性、阻隔性能及抗菌性能。MgO纳米颗粒添加量为5 wt%时,壳聚糖/MgO复合薄膜获得最佳的力学性能,拉伸应力及弹性模量分别较壳聚糖薄膜提高64%及50%。傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）结果表明,壳聚糖/MgO复合薄膜力学性能的提升主要是由于壳聚糖的羟基和胺基与MgO形成了氢键。此外,添加5 wt% MgO纳米颗粒后,复合薄膜的氧气透过常数降低了约18%,该薄膜在12 h内可使46%的大肠杆菌结构破坏或死亡,具有优异的抗菌效果。     

基于响应面法优化壳聚糖–卡拉胶可食性复合膜制备工艺

将壳聚糖与卡拉胶、茶多酚混合,采用流延法制备壳聚糖–卡拉胶复合膜,并对其进行性能测试。以复合膜的透光性能、机械性能和阻水性能为考察指标进行单因素实验,再以水蒸气透过率为评价指标进行响应面实验优化该复合膜制备工艺。结果表明,壳聚糖–卡拉胶可食性复合膜的最优工艺为：壳聚糖添加量1.5%、卡拉胶添加量0.4%、甘油添加量0.6%、茶多酚添加量0.6%,干燥温度50 ℃。此工艺条件下所得的复合膜厚度均匀,机械性能良好,水蒸气的透过率为1.37（10–11 g/m·s·Pa）。     

茶多酚/还原石墨烯纳米复合物增强羧甲基壳聚糖薄膜性能的研究

目的 探究茶多酚还原氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide, GO)的能力, 进一步利用茶多酚/还原氧化石墨烯(reduced graphene oxide, RGO)改善羧甲基壳聚糖薄膜的综合性能。方法 首先利用茶多酚的还原性制备出茶多酚/RGO, 通过X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffractometry, XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, FT-IR)表征验证。进一步以羧甲基壳聚糖为基材, 甘油为塑化剂, 通过流延法制备出一系列不同茶多酚/RGO含量的复合薄膜, 测试其力学性能、阻隔性能、光学性能及热稳定性等, 分析不同配比对复合薄膜性能的影响。结果 茶多酚和GO的质量比为2:1时, GO被还原的效果较好; 与纯羧甲基壳聚糖膜相比, 当茶多酚/RGO含量为2.0%时, 复合膜的拉伸强度提高了96.9%; 当茶多酚/RGO含量为1.0%时, 水蒸气透过率最低, 为7.0×10?13 [g·cm/(cm2·s·Pa)]; 随着茶多酚/RGO的添加, 复合薄膜能够阻挡50%以上的310 nm以下的紫外光透过, 表现出具有良好的抗紫外性。结论 茶多酚/石墨烯纳米复合物作为增强剂, 可以有效地改善羧甲基壳聚糖薄膜的综合性能, 为进一步拓展其在食品包装领域的应用提供了新的思路。     

ε-聚赖氨酸/海藻酸钠抗菌复合膜的制备及性能研究

为了研制新型食用抗菌包装材料,以海藻酸钠为基材、1%(质量分数)甘油为增塑剂、2%CaCl_2溶液为交联剂,ε-聚赖氨酸作为抗菌剂,制备具有抑菌性能的海藻酸钠复合膜。比较分析ε-聚赖氨酸添加量对ε-聚赖氨酸/海藻酸钠薄膜的物理特性及抗菌性能的影响。红外光谱(FT-IR)分析表明:海藻酸钠膜的羰基吸收峰由原来的1 640 cm~(-1)迁移到1 670 cm~(-1)。DSC分析表明复合膜的熔化温度由195.83℃上升为198.71℃。复合膜分子之间形成了强烈的相互作用,其力学性能明显改善。当ε-聚赖氨酸在膜基质的添加量为8%时,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到最大值30.61 MPa和30.45%。复合膜的抑菌性能随ε-聚赖氨酸浓度的增大而改善,当ε-聚赖氨酸在膜基质的添加量为8%时,薄膜抗菌能力最为显著。     

壳聚糖/纳米银制备抗菌纸及其抗菌效果研究

将纳米银和壳聚糖混合后作为抗菌剂,并采用浆内添加和表面涂布两种方法制备抗菌纸,分析壳聚糖与纳米银添加量对抗菌纸抗菌性能的影响。通过抑菌环实验来检测抗菌纸的抗菌性能;用环境扫描电子显微镜与激光显微拉曼成像光谱仪对抗菌实验后的大肠杆菌进行表征。结果表明,表面涂布壳聚糖/纳米银混合抗菌剂时,抗菌纸的抗菌性能最好,当壳聚糖添加量(相对绝干浆)为10.0%、纳米银添加量(相对于绝干浆)为0.68%时,抑菌环直径可达到25.1 mm。     

纳米Ag/纳米TiO_2/CS复合膜材料的抗大肠杆菌特性研究

以壳聚糖CS为基质,添加纳米Ag和纳米TiO_2两种抗菌剂所制备的复合膜,针对大肠杆菌的抗菌性研究。实验根据前期单因素实验结果,设计了纳米Ag/纳米TiO_2/CS复合膜材料的三个因素的3个水平的正交实验,制备了不同优化工艺参数下的纳米Ag/纳米TiO_2/CS复合膜材料。同时,对制备的复合膜进行了抗菌性实验。探讨了优化工艺参数下的最优抗菌效果的工艺参数。结果表明:抗菌性最优工艺是:壳聚糖的浓度为4%,硫酸银的浓度为0.05mol/L,二氧化钛为0.007%时,纳米Ag/纳米TiO_2/CS复合膜材料的抑菌效果最好。研究结果为壳聚糖制备成生物质复合抗菌膜提供了理论及实验参考。     

茶多酚改性胶原蛋白-壳聚糖复合膜工艺优化

以鮰鱼皮胶原蛋白与壳聚糖为原料制备可食用复合膜,用茶多酚进行改性。通过正交试验,考察茶多酚添加量、热处理温度和热处理时间对复合膜性能的影响,以期降低复合膜的水蒸气透过率和增强复合膜的机械性能。结果表明：茶多酚添加量、热处理温度、热处理时间对复合膜的性能影响显著。最佳改性条件为：茶多酚添加量2%、热处理温度80 ℃、热处理时间30 min。在此条件下,得到的复合膜拉伸强度为（29.39±0.96） MPa,断裂伸长率为（84.22±0.05）%,水蒸气透过率为（0.20±0.01） （g·mm）/（h·m2·kPa）,溶解度为（32.06±1.23）%,透光率为（82.4±1.10）%。     

茶多酚-玉米胚芽粕蛋白膜制备及性能研究

以玉米胚芽粕为原料，通过醇法提取玉胚芽粕醇溶蛋白，以丙三醇作为增塑剂，添加壳聚糖提高复合膜液分子间距离，并向其中加入茶多酚，制成复合膜。首先，通过单因素正交试验，研究4个因素对复合膜拉伸强度、水蒸气透过率以及过氧化值指标的影响，以便确定最佳成膜条件，然后，通过测DPPH对其抗氧化性进行分析。试验结果表明：在玉米胚芽粕蛋白浓度为18%、丙三醇添加量为6 g、壳聚糖添加量为0.8 g、茶多酚浓度为2%时，拉伸强度9.24 MPa,水蒸气透过率为2.17 g·mm/(m²·d·kPa),过氧化值为4.23 meq/kg,所测复合膜的各项指标最佳，且成膜效果最好。同时，由于茶多酚的加入，DPPH高达32.57%,抗氧化性明显提高。向复合膜中加入丙三醇、壳聚糖以及茶多酚，使得复合膜各方面性能优化显著，且有效提高了膜的抗氧化性。     

壳聚糖基纳米氧化锌—丁香精油抗菌复合膜对

将抗菌效果良好且不会产生耐药性的无机抗菌剂纳米氧化锌和具有广谱抗菌性、无毒健康的天然抗菌剂丁香精油加入壳聚糖—魔芋葡甘聚糖复合膜中,研究复合膜对鲜肉的保鲜效果。结果发现：添加质量分数6%纳米氧化锌和体积分数0.6%丁香精油的复合膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为99.78%,99.06%,具有强抗菌效果;红外光谱分析结果表明壳聚糖官能团和丁香精油中存在的酚反应基团之间有效地发生了键合,且扫描电镜结果表明丁香精油在一定程度上可改善纳米氧化锌的分散效果;添加纳米氧化锌和丁香精油的复合膜对鲜肉的保质期可提高6~8 d。     

抗菌性玉米醇溶蛋白/壳聚糖复合膜的制备与性质

采用分步法,先配制壳聚糖/醋酸/乙醇溶液体系,再向其中加入玉米醇溶蛋白,最后利用流延法制成玉米醇溶蛋白/壳聚糖(zein/chitosan,Z/C)复合膜,探讨壳聚糖质量分数对Z/C复合膜理化性质与抗菌特性的影响。结果表明:在壳聚糖质量分数为2%~8%范围内,混合溶液的黏度和电导率随壳聚糖质量分数变化成阶梯状变化,且壳聚糖的添加对复合膜性质有显著影响,Z/C复合膜的断后伸长率从1.00%提高到6.67%,接触角从65.97°减小到53.61°,水蒸气透过率从5.23 g·m/(m2·h·Pa)提高到9.16 g·m/(m2·h·Pa);扫描电子显微镜观察,复合后薄膜保持光滑、均一;大肠杆菌抑菌实验表明添加壳聚糖使复合膜具有较强的抗菌特性。     

细菌纤维素-茶多酚复合膜的特性及结构

采用浸泡热干法制备细菌纤维素-茶多酚复合膜,通过测定复合膜的抑菌性能、力学性能、透光率、吸水 率以及水蒸气透过率和结构的变化,确定茶多酚的最适添加质量分数和浸泡时间,探究细菌纤维素-茶多酚复合膜 的特性及结构,以期得到具有抑菌性强、柔韧性好等特点的复合膜。结果表明：茶多酚质量分数同复合膜的抑菌能 力呈正相关,茶多酚质量分数大于0.2%时。抑菌圈直径开始产生明显变化（P＜0.05）,表现出对受试菌种较强的 抑菌能力。随着茶多酚质量分数的增加,复合膜的拉伸强度、透光率、吸水率以及水蒸气透过率有所下降,断裂伸 长率和厚度逐渐增加,复合膜变得更加柔韧。从降低生产成本以及对复合膜品质影响较低的角度考虑,确定最适茶 多酚质量分数为0.2%。随着浸泡时间的延长,复合膜各项指标的变化均同茶多酚质量分数对复合膜的影响趋势相 同,但当浸泡时间超过4 h后,各项指标趋于平缓,变化不再明显（P＞0.05）;因此选择4 h为最佳浸泡时间。细菌 纤维素-茶多酚复合膜具有典型细菌纤维素的特征吸收峰,茶多酚分子存留在细菌纤维素膜内部的同时紧密地连接 在细菌纤维素上,且质地均匀。     

植物多酚-壳聚糖抑菌保鲜膜的研究进展

植物多酚作为一种天然抗菌剂,因具有良好的抗氧化和抗菌活性,在抗菌膜材料领域倍受关注。针对植物多酚-壳聚糖复合抗菌膜的研究现状,本文综述了以植物多酚为主要抑菌剂的壳聚糖保鲜膜的研究进展,并重点对植物多酚-壳聚糖抑菌保鲜膜的成膜方法、成膜机理、物理性能、抗氧化能力、抑菌性能及抑菌机理、食品应用等方面进行阐述。并对植物多酚-壳聚糖抑菌保鲜膜的研究前景进行讨论,为植物多酚-壳聚糖抑菌保鲜膜的进一步研究提供一些建议。     

Physicochemical,Microstructural, and Antibacterial Properties of β‐Chitosan and Kudzu Starch Composite Films

Abstract: This study investigated physicochemical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of β‐chitosan–kudzu starch composite films with addition of 0%, 20%, 60%, or 100% kudzu starch (w starch/w chitosan) in 1% chitosan solution. Molecular interactions between chitosan and kudzu starch and the crystal structure of the films were also determined. Adding 60% kudzu starch reduced water vapor permeability and solubility of pure β‐chitosan film by about 15% and 20%, respectively, whereas mechanical strength and flexibility of the film were increased about 50% and 25%, respectively. Micrograph showed that β‐chitosan film was totally amorphous, and the composite films generally became rougher with more starch added. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction spectra showed that the 2 film‐forming components were compatible with each other. Pure β‐chitosan film resulted in 9.5 and 11.5 log CFU/mL reduction in Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua based on plate count method, respectively. Addition of kudzu starch reduced the antibacterial activity of film, but still achieved 8.3 and 10.3 log CFU/mL reduction in E. coli and L. innocua, respectively when kudzu starch to chitosan weight ratio was 1:1. Reduced antibacterial activity might attribute to the interaction of amino groups in β‐chitosan with the hydroxyl groups in kudzu starch. This study demonstrated that kudzu starch effectively improved water barrier of β‐chitosan film, and the composite films retained strong antibacterial ability. Practical Application: One percent of β‐chitosan containing 60% kudzu starch (w/w chitosan) composite films possessed better mechanical and water barrier properties than pure β‐chitosan films, and showed strong antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The films may be used as wraps or coatings to prolong the shelf life of different foods or other similar applications.     

Effect of Molecular Weight,Acid, and Plasticizer on the Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of β‐Chitosan Based Films

Abstract: Effects of chitosan molecular weight (1815 and 366 kDa), type of acid (1% acetic, formic, and propionic acid, or 0.5% lactic acid) and plasticizer (0, 25% glycerol or sorbital w/w chitosan) on the mechanical, water barrier, and antibacterial properties of β‐chitosan films were investigated. Tensile strength (TS) of high molecular weight (Hw) films was 53% higher than that of low molecular weight (Lw) ones, acetate, and propionate films had the highest TS (43 and 40 MPa) among tested acids, and plasticizer‐reduced film TS 34%. Film elongation at break (EL) was higher in Hw films than in Lw ones, in which formate and acetate films were the highest (9% and 8%, respectively), and plasticizer increased the film EL 128%. Molecular weight of chitosan did not influence water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films. Acetate and propionate films had lower WVP than other acid types of films, and plasticizer increased film WVP about 35%. No difference was found between glycerol and sorbitol films in terms of film mechanical and water barrier properties. Lw β‐chitosan films showed significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and L. innocua. This study demonstrated that β‐chitosan films are compatible to α‐chitosan films in physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity, yet with simple sample preparation. Practical Application: β‐chitosan based edible films at molecular weight of about 300 kDa showed great antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The films have similar mechanical and water barrier properties to α‐chitosan based films at the similar molecular weight, but simple sample preparation procedures and more attractive color. The release of active chitosan fragment from the film matrix acts as an antibacterial agent, making β‐chitosan films suitable as intelligent food wraps or coatings for a wide range of food products to control moisture loss and prevent surface bacterial growth.     

茶多酚@沸石咪唑酯骨架材料/壳聚糖/海藻酸钠活性包装膜的制备及表征

本实验以海藻酸钠（sodium alginate,SA）和壳聚糖（chitosan,CS）为成膜基材,并以不同添加量（分别为0%（质量分数,后同）、1%、2.5%、5%）茶多酚（tea polyphenols,TP）@沸石咪唑酯骨架材料（zeolitic imidazolate framework-8,ZIF-8）纳米复合材料为功能性成分,通过层层组装的方式制备TP@ZIF-8/CS/SA复合膜。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、质构仪、色差仪等对复合膜的形貌、组成进行表征。结果表明,TP@ZIF-8纳米复合材料添加量为5%时改变了CS/SA复合膜的颜色,并且影响了复合膜的微观形态,还增强了复合膜的热稳定性、阻隔性能和机械性能。此外,TP@ZIF-8纳米复合材料的加入使该复合膜表现出良好的抗氧化和抑菌效果。综上,本实验制备出一种具有抗菌和抗氧化的生物可降解活性包装膜,该活性包装膜在食品保鲜领域具有良好的应用前景。     

茶多酚对普鲁兰-明胶膜理化及抗氧化、抗菌性能的影响

茶多酚因其优异的抗氧化和抗菌性能,在食品领域被广泛应用。通过制备茶多酚-普鲁兰- 明胶复合生物活性膜,研究茶多酚的质量分数(0%、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%,基于明胶和普鲁兰的总干质量)对膜理化性质及抗氧化、抗菌性能的影响。傅里叶红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜结果表明:茶多酚与普鲁兰多糖和明胶之间存在分子间相互作用,尤其当茶多酚质量分数为6%时,膜结构更加致密。理化实验结果表明:随着茶多酚质量分数的增加,复合膜的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率均先增大后减小,水蒸气透过性先减小后增大,紫外线阻隔性能增强,膜变得更暗黄;而茶多酚的添加没有显著提高复合膜的热性能。此外,复合膜对DPPH自由基的清除率最高达87.44%,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最大抑制率分别为95.73%和85.22%。同时,复合膜能实现茶多酚的缓慢释放。茶多酚-普鲁兰-明胶复合膜的制备旨在为良好生物活性包装膜的开发提供有益参考。     

聚乙烯醇/纳米纤维素/石榴皮多酚复合抗菌薄膜性能研究

目的:开发绿色抗菌抗氧化食品包装薄膜。方法:以石榴皮多酚为功能活性物质,采用共混法制备聚乙烯醇/纳米纤维素晶体/石榴皮多酚复合抗菌薄膜,并对其性能进行表征。结果:石榴皮多酚的添加影响了薄膜表面的连续性;当石榴皮多酚添加量为5倍最小抑菌浓度时,薄膜的透水气性增加了28.79%,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、疏水性及透光率分别降低了44.97%,29.37%,36.36%,22.35%,同时总酚含量为(5.92±0.17) mg/L,DPPH自由基清除率达到(13.31±0.22)%;薄膜表现出良好的抑菌性,对白色念珠菌的抑菌效果最好,其次为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌。结论:聚乙烯醇/纳米纤维素晶体/石榴皮多酚复合抗菌薄膜是一种新型活性食品包装材料。     

Microbiological,physicochemical and structural characteristics of natural salted casings treated with antibacterial agents

This study aimed to investigate the effects of antibacterial agent ultrasonic immersion on the quality of salted casings in terms of microorganism, physicochemical characters and structure characteristics. The results showed that citric acid immersion had the most significant effect as compared to that of control samples, with a reduction of 1.00, 1.65 and 1.66 log CFU g⁻¹ in Staphylococcus, Halophile and Psychrophiles compared to control samples respectively. Citric acid and tea polyphenol treatment increased the elongation at break of casings by 11.3% and 10.4%, and the most significant increase in the tensile strength of samples with chitosan oligosaccharide was 13.7%. Meanwhile, all samples were not discriminative in colour, collagen solubility, water solubility, thermal swelling and thermal shrinking rate. Furthermore, a compact and dense casing surfaces found by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images after antibacterial agent treatment. Therefore, antibacterial agent immersion has the potential to control microorganisms’ growth, improve mechanical properties and extend the application field of salted casings.