冷冻面团加工技术与中国传统食品现代化

安琪酵母公司率先将冷冻技术应用到发酵面点的制作工艺中,应用前沿的酵母技术和独特的改良剂配方解决普通冷冻生坯的生产难题,取得了卓越的成绩。阐述了冷冻面团加工技术应用于中国传统食品工业的现状、工艺特点和冷冻酵母、冷冻面团添加剂在冷冻技术中的关键地位;分析了冷冻面团加工技术在中国传统食品工业的应用发展前景。     

影响冷冻面团因素及其品质改良研究进展

冷冻面团技术作为一种面制品加工工艺,具有防止产品老化,便于冷藏和运输等优势,因此在国内外得到广泛应用。然而,在冷冻面团生产和贮藏过程中存在一系列问题,例如：面筋结构完整性丧失、酵母细胞失活以及淀粉结构被破坏等,这些都导致了面制品品质的劣变。本文综述了影响冷冻面团品质的主要因素,总结了提高冷冻面团品质特性的有效方法,改良剂的添加不仅可以提高酵母的耐冻性,而且可以保持面团的流变学特性。基因工程技术修饰可以提高酵母的耐冻性和发酵能力。通过优化冷冻和储存条件,确保酵母的活性和面团的网络结构,使冰晶造成的冻害最小化。此外,新型冷冻技术的应用如超声波辅助冷冻可以在加速冷冻过程的同时生成均匀的冰晶,从而保护面团的网络结构。以期为改善冷冻面团品质以及为开发新型的冷冻面团技术提供理论依据。     

冷冻面团面包工艺的研究进展

叙述了耐低温面包酵母的耐冻机理和决定冷冻面团质量的因素。冷冻面团的稳定性与酵母质量、面团配方、冷冻前发酵工艺和冻融速率等有关,筛选耐低温酵母菌种是冷冻面团面包的关键因素;海藻糖含量、酵母的培养条件和冻融条件在酵母的耐冻机制中起着重要的作用。     

南方馒头冷冻面团生产技术研究

该试验开展了南方馒头冷冻面团生产技术的研究,重点探讨了加糖量、酵母添加量、发酵温度和发酵时间等因素对冷冻面团生产的南方馒头的感官评分、硬度、比容等品质指标的影响,并采取响应面法建立了上述工艺参数对冷冻面团生产的南方馒头品质影响的数学模型。结果表明,南方馒头冷冻面团生产的最佳发酵工艺为：发酵温度35 ℃,加糖量8.2%,酵母添加量1.0%,发酵时间41 min。在此最佳条件下,冷冻面团生产的南方馒头感官评分达79.7分,硬度805.26 g,比容2.98 mL/g。     

文献导读

<正>冷冻面团法生产面包的关键工艺讨论冷冻面团法在烘焙食品领域中的应用越来越广泛,但也面临着一些技术难题。本文阐述了冷冻面团法生产面包的关键工艺,包括冷冻条件、酵母发酵活力的保持以及解冻工艺条件等。冷冻时降温速率不宜过快或过慢,在-5℃/min时制作的面包品质较好,为了确保酵母的存活率,冷冻温度不宜低于-50℃;冷冻保护剂的加入可以有效防止冷冻过程中酵母的死亡,有利于保持其发酵活力,也可以通过生物工程的途径提高酵母的耐冻力;解冻是冷冻的逆过程,同样要使面团快速地通过最大冰晶生成区,解冻时间     

冷冻面团馒头品质变化及改良的研究进展

冷冻面团技术能解决馒头货架期短、淀粉老化等问题,对实现主食产业化有积极影响,但距离工业化生产还有一定距离。该文从酵母活力、面团结构及面团特性三方面分析了冷冻面团馒头在冷冻过程中的质量变化;从原料、工艺和品质改良剂等方面综述了改善冷冻面团馒头品质的方法;并对未来发展和研究方向提出建议。     

冷冻面团法生产面包的关键工艺讨论

冷冻面团法在烘焙食品领域中的应用越来越广泛,但也面临着一些技术难题。本文详细阐述了冷冻面团法生产面包的关键工艺,包括冷冻条件、酵母发酵活力的保持以及解冻工艺条件等。     

冷冻面团中酵母的抗冻性及抗冻酵母的研究进展

随着烘焙工业中冷冻面团技术的引进和迅速发展．酵母的抗冻性作为冷冻面团的一个主要影响因素,也应引起关注。文章综述了对冷冻面团中酵母抗冻性的研究进展,从物理和生物学的角度分析了温度变化对酵母抗冻性的影响,冷冻过程中介质中和细胞内部冰晶的形成是造成细胞损伤的主要物理因素。探讨了抗冻酵母的选育和培育方法,如调整培养条件选育抗冻酵母、生物技术培育抗冻酵母等。总之,要想得到真正的抗冻酵母,就要从酵母冷冻过程中的变化和抗冻机理研究,为抗冻酵母的工业生产提供理论指导。     

影响冷冻面团的因素及其品质改良研究进展

冷冻面团技术因具有延长货架期、防止老化、便于冷藏和运输等优越性,在国内外食品工业得到了广泛的应用。然而,冷冻面团的生产和储存也会面临诸多困难,例如酵母活性降低、面筋结构破坏和冰晶形成等,这些都会破坏冷冻面团的质量。本文概括总结了影响冷冻面团品质因素的作用机理及研究现状,并总结了提高酵母耐冻性、改善面筋结构和面团特性的有效方法。添加改良剂可以减小由于冻藏或冻融循环致使面筋网络破坏的程度,添加谷氨酰胺转氨酶可改善冷冻面团的粘弹性与面筋网络结构,还可明显增加冷冻面团面包的比容,减小面包芯的硬度。选用优质酵母可提高酵母在冷冻期间的发酵力,改善冷冻面制品的风味和口感,其中高产胞外多糖的乳酸菌可以有效改善冷冻馒头面团品质。冷冻面团技术推动了我国馒头、包子、饺子、月饼等中式面食制品快速发展,具有一定的发展潜力。     

响应面法优化酵母冷冻面团馒头生产工艺

为了确定酵母冷冻面团馒头的最佳生产工艺,选取酵母添加量、加水量、发酵温度、发酵时间进行试验。在单因素的基础上,进行Box-Behnken中心组合研究,建立了对酵母冷冻面团馒头感官总分影响的数学模型,确定了酵母冷冻面团馒头的最佳生产工艺。结果表明,各因素对酵母冷冻面团馒头感官总分的影响顺序为:发酵温度酵母添加量发酵时间加水量。最佳工艺条件为:酵母添加量1.2 g、加水量51.2 m L、发酵温度35.7℃、发酵时间43.7 min,在此条件下预期的酵母冷冻面团馒头感官总分是76.8分,实际感官评价得分为76分。     

专用油脂对冷冻面团焙烤品质的影响

将以棕榈油和大豆油为原料制备的专用油脂应用于冷冻面团中,研究专用油脂对冷冻面团流变学特性影响及对冷冻面团焙烤面包品质的影响。结果表明：添加专用油脂制备的冷冻面团面包比容大、纹理细腻、口感柔和、品质良好;专用油脂可以有效地提高冷冻面团的筋力和延伸性,并能延缓冷冻面团因冻藏导致的焙烤品质下降,对延缓面包老化效果良好;确定专用油脂在冷冻面团中的添加量为配方中面粉质量的6%。     

萌发玉米粉在冷冻面团中的应用研究

本实验研究了影响冷冻面团中酵母发酵活力的因素,确定酵母菌的发酵活力随着冷冻时间的延长而降低,在萌发玉米粉添加量10%以下,酵母菌的发酵活力随着添加量的增加而增加,超过10%后,酵母的发酵活力逐渐下降。以比容为指标,冷冻面团的最佳配方为:萌发玉米粉添加量10%,酵母菌2%,食盐0.4%,水65%,以弹性为指标,冷冻面团的最佳配方为:萌发玉米粉添加量5%,酵母添加量为3%,盐添加量为1.2%,水添加量为60%。与普通冷冻面团相比,萌发玉米粉使冷冻面团面包品质得到改善。     

Improving freeze tolerance of yeast and dough properties for enhancing frozen dough quality - A review of effective methods

BackgroundFrozen dough technology could effectively extend the shelf life of bread to ensure the freshness, which is widely used and gradually replace the traditional bread production. However, during the production and storage of frozen dough, a series of problems could take place, such as inhibition of yeast activity, damage of the structure of the dough, leading to the deterioration of dough quality.Scope and approachThis review summarizes the factors that affect the final quality of frozen dough, including yeast activity, dough structure and dough properties. Some effective methods for improving freeze tolerance of yeast, dough structure and dough properties are discussed, including addition of various additives, use of genetic engineering technique, optimization of freezing and storage conditions, and employment of novel freezing technology.Key findings and conclusionsThe addition of additives can not only improve the freeze tolerance of yeast but also maintain the rheological and thermophysical properties of dough. Through the modification of gene, freeze tolerance and fermentation ability of yeast can be improved. Optimizing freezing and storage conditions ensures the activity of yeast as well as dough network structure so that freezing damage due to ice crystals can be minimized. In addition, novel freezing technology such as ultrasound-assisted freezing can simultaneously accelerate the freezing process as well as generate fine and uniform ice crystals, thus protecting dough network structure.     

木聚糖酶对冷冻面团和馒头品质的影响

本实验研究了木聚糖酶对冻藏1d、7d、14d的冷冻面团和馒头品质特性的影响;并采用差示量热扫描仪(DSC)测定了冷冻面团的可冻结水(冰)含量,讨论了木聚糖酶改善冷冻面团品质的热力学机制。研究结果表明,随着冻藏时间的延长,面团的发酵力、酵母存活率、馒头比容、抗老化能力均呈现一定的下降趋势;在相同的冻藏时间下,木聚糖酶对面团的发酵特性和馒头品质改善作用明显;木聚糖酶含量为80mg.kg_-1时,可冻结水(冰)含量最低;添加木聚糖酶后,冰晶颗粒更加细小均匀。这说明适量的木聚糖酶能够有效地降解水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖,使更多的水分保留在面筋网络结构中,从而抑制低温面筋网络结构和酵母细胞的破坏作用,改善馒头品质。     

冷冻面团馒头研究进展

冷冻面团是通过速冻、冷藏方式对面团进行贮藏、运输处理的一种面团,这种冷冻面团推动了我国馒头、包子等中式面食制品快速发展,具有一定的发展潜力。本文介绍了冷冻面团馒头的生产工艺,总结了冷冻面团馒头品质的影响因素,探讨了目前我国改良剂对冷冻面团品质的改良效果,为提高冷冻面团馒头品质提供参考依据。     

Effects of green tea extract on the quality of bread made from unfrozen and frozen dough processes

Two different green tea extracts (GTE‐A and ‐B) as a rich source of tea catechins were incorporated into a no‐time bread‐making process, where bread made from the unfrozen and frozen dough processes was compared by specific volume and texture profile. GTE‐A and ‐B both exhibited significant effects on bread volume and firmness, but to a different extent. GTE‐A with higher content of tea catechins (73%) at a level of 1.5 g kg^?1 flour was found to lead to a significant reduction in bread volume in unfrozen dough process and an increment in firmness during storage for 4 days at ambient temperature (22 °C). GTE‐B, with a lower content of catechins (60%), had relatively mild effects on the bread quality. Significantly negative effects were evident starting at a higher level of 5.0 g kg^?1 flour in unfrozen dough process. Frozen storage showed more predominant deteriorating effects than the GTEs over a period of 9 weeks frozen storage at ?20 °C. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

冻藏对面团中面筋蛋白分子结构及功能特性影响的研究进展

冷冻面团具有降低生产成本、提高产品质量和方便消费者优点,可用于加工生产面包、蛋糕和馒头等面制品。面团品质劣变是导致冷冻面团货架期缩短的主要原因,而冷冻面团品质下降的主要诱因是小麦面筋蛋白的品质劣变。本文综述了冷冻面团中面筋蛋白的分子组成、空间结构及功能特性等的变化,并对冷冻面团的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

γ-聚谷氨酸对全麦冷冻面团烘焙特性的影响

将γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)添加至全麦冷冻面团中,通过全麦粉持水率、酵母存活率研究γ-PGA的保水性和抗冻活性;以面包比容和质构等作为评价指标,研究γ-PGA对冷冻面团制作的全麦面包烘焙品质的影响。结果表明,添加γ-PGA可提高冷冻全麦面团的酵母存活率和发酵高度,增大全麦面包比容,减小面包硬度,促进面包芯中形成大气孔;贮藏3 d后,添加γ-PGA的全麦面包硬度和老化率显著降低(P<0.05),且γ-PGA的最佳添加量为1%。     

Bread quality of frozen dough substituted with modified tapioca starches

Rheological properties of dough and bread quality of frozen dough-bread containing 18.4% of hydroxypropylated (HTS), acetylated (ATS), and phosphorylated cross-linked (PTS) tapioca starch with different degrees of modification and 1.6% of dried powdered gluten were compared to the same amount of native tapioca starch (NTS) or wheat flour-bread. Doughs substituted with native or modified tapioca starches had the same mixing tolerance as 100% wheat flour. The dough was frozen and stored for 1 week at −18°C, and thawed (one freeze-cycle). The amount of freezable water in the dough substituted with native or modified tapioca starches was not significantly different from that of wheat flour. Frozen dough-bread substituted with highly modified HTS (degree of substitution; DS 0.09–0.11) retarded bread staling, while lowly modified HTS (DS 0.06–0.07) or ATS (DS 0.02–0.04), and PTS (0.004–0.020% phosphoryl content) substitution fastened bread staling as compared with frozen dough-bread baked from wheat flour. The breadcrumbs containing HTS and ATS felt tacky, whereas the bread containing PTS was dry feel. HTS and ATS swelled and collapsed easily during heating, while PTS was difficult to swell and disperse as compared with NTS, therefore the gelatinization properties seemed to affect the texture of bread. Breadcrumb containing HTS showed small firmness during storage, and highly modified HTS-h (DS 0.1) was the smallest. This means highly hydroxypropylated tapioca starch significantly retards bread staling. Staling properties and texture of frozen dough-bread with various tapioca starches were the same as conventional bread baked with the same amount of tapioca starches. These results suggest that a one freeze–thaw cycle and a 1-week frozen period do not change characteristics of starch, gelatinization and retrogradation properties as compared with the conventional method, and the highly modified HTS-h is prominent anti-staling food-stuff in frozen dough.