杏的无硫护色工艺研究

研究杏的无硫护色工艺.结果表明:杏片的厚度、护色工艺影响护色效果.将4mm-5mm杏片浸泡于0.3%a-环状糊精 0.2%葡萄糖酸锌复合液中.热烫2mim.经此处理的杏片仍保持杏原有的橙黄色,具有良好的感官效果.为了防止破碎的杏浆料的褐变,采用90℃下热烫2min以钝化多酶氧化酶(PPO),防止有酶参与的酶促褐变.     

人工干制树上干杏的防褐变研究

为有效解决树上干杏人工干制过程中的褐变问题,优化树上干杏的护色干制工艺条件,以色度、感官评分为响应值,选择热烫温度、热烫时间及护色剂VC浓度为实验因子,进行响应面分析。得到最优护色参数:热烫温度95.6℃,热烫时间4.62 min,护色剂VC浓度1.63%。实验结果表明树上干杏护色干制工艺合理可行,能有效抑制干制过程中的褐变。     

纸形油菜加工中非硫护色工艺研究

纸形油菜在加工中很易发生酶促褐变,通过热烫与Vc、柠檬酸、乙酸锌组合护色的L9(34)正交实验,以褐变度为指标,对油菜护色工艺进行了研究.实验结果表明:在100℃热烫2min后,再在褐变抑制剂组合0.10% VC、0.2%柠檬酸、0.02%乙酸锌中浸泡1h,取得了良好的护色效果.     

香芋发酵饮料的工艺研究

通过对乳酸菌发酵香芋浆工艺的初步研究,探讨了香芋的护色,香芋浆的糊化、糖化、发酵等工艺过程.实验结果表明,去皮香芋用0.1％柠檬酸溶液护色效果明显;用沸水热烫5 min即可有效钝化酶,防止褐变;糊化时间为60min,还原糖含量有明显增加;香芋浆最佳糖化工艺条件:糖化时间4h、糖化酶用量为1g香芋/50U酶,糖化pH值为...     

栗仁褐变规律及控制方法的研究

板栗的栗仁加工过程中褐变发生与栗仁的单宁含量有一定的相关性。经测定,板栗各部位的单宁含量不同,缝合线处高于表面和栗仁心部。单宁含量越高,褐变越容易发生。加工过程中的水质、温度、时间、ｐＨ 等都会影响栗仁的褐变,其中水质、ｐＨ影响最大。采用去离子水、降低ｐＨ可以防止褐变的发生。过氧化物酶能够促进褐变反应的发生,用热烫可以杀死酶的活性,抑制褐变的发生。热烫栗仁４ｍ ｉｎ可以将酶全部杀死,不再发生由过氧化物酶而引起的褐变现象。不同的护色液可以减轻或防止褐变的发生,在试验用的６ 种护色液中,含有ＥＤＴＡ、明矾和ＮａＨＳＯ３ 的混合护色液效果最佳     

马铃薯全粉加工过程中防褐变的研究

马铃薯全粉在加工过程中容易发生褐变,为防止褐变现象,考察物理和化学方法对褐变的抑制情况.结果表明,去皮后的护色效果要优于未去皮的马铃薯;马铃薯切片在5 mm～8 mm时,浸泡于浓度为0.8%的VC液中10 min护色效果最好.     

压差膨化苹果脆片的无硫护色研究

针对压差膨化前处理中苹果的酶促褐变进行了无硫护色研究,通过单因素试验、正交试验研究了不同护色剂及其组合对苹果片的护色效果的影响。试验结果表明柠檬酸、氯化钠、抗坏血酸对苹果片护色效果影响较显著,试验中最佳的复配护色剂组合为:柠檬酸0.4%、抗坏血酸0.04%、氯化钠1.0%;护色温度是25℃,时间20 min,使用该方法护色的苹果片能很好抑制膨化前的酶促褐变。     

果蔬前处理过程护色工艺研究及浅析

以4种极易褐变的代表性新鲜果蔬原料开展护色工艺研究,通过不同热烫参数及碱液浓度试验,结果表明:樱桃最佳护色工艺沸水热烫2 min;蓝莓65℃热水烫漂5 min;0.5%NaHCO3沸液1 min烫漂处理为黄瓜、菠菜最佳护绿工艺参数,浸泡时间3 h可充分去除热表面残留的碱液。     

适宜的护色处理对切分杏热风干燥过程中颜色的影响

为了提高切分杏干制品的品质,对切分后鲜杏进行护色工艺的研究。以赛买提切分杏为研究对象,采用热风烘干工艺,研究护色过程中不同的护色工艺对烘干后的切分杏颜色的影响。以柠檬酸、D-异抗坏血酸钠、氯化钠、亚硫酸钠、热烫等工艺对切分、去核后的的果肉进行护色,并用正交实验法优化护色处理的工艺条件。结果表明:采用热烫和复合护色剂协同作用,最终得到最佳的护色工艺为热烫时间为4 min,亚硫酸钠为0.06%,D-异抗坏血酸钠0.2%。经验证这种复合护色技术处理切分杏△E值为22.09,能很好地保持杏子原有的色泽,为改善切分杏的品质提供技术依据。     

水芹护色技术研究

通过PB试验和最陡爬坡试验设计对水芹护色效果影响因素进行筛选,最终确定护色剂复合比例、护色剂浓度、热烫时间三因素为重要影响因素。进一步运用响应面试验设计对护色工艺条件优化,结果表明:护色剂复合(异VC钠∶碳酸氢钠比例)为5∶2.62、护色剂浓度0.36%、热烫时间1.40 min时,水芹褐变程度最小,护色效果最佳。     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.