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利用气质联用仪及红外光谱仪分析甲酯型生物柴油的组成与结构,采用高频往复试验机法(HFRR)考察蓖麻籽油生物柴油、菜籽油生物柴油及玉米油生物柴油对超低硫柴油润滑性的改善作用,并用测量显微镜分析试验球及试验片的磨斑形貌。结果表明:蓖麻籽油生物柴油组成特殊,主要为蓖麻油酸甲酯,与其他几种甲酯型生物柴油相比,除了含有酯基和双键官能团外,还含有羟基官能团;蓖麻籽油生物柴油对超低硫柴油润滑性的改善效果最佳,适宜添加量为0. 5%;菜籽油生物柴油及玉米油生物柴油的添加量需达到0. 7%才能使超低硫柴油润滑性磨斑直径降到460μm以下,满足GB 19147—2016标准要求;当蓖麻籽油生物柴油、菜籽油生物柴油及玉米油生物柴油添加量在0. 3%~1. 0%范围时,随着甲酯型生物柴油添加量的不断增大,润滑性磨斑直径、表面划痕及深度不断减小,平均摩擦系数降低,平均成膜率不断增大。 相似文献
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生物轻油中酚类提取物对生物柴油氧化安定性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以竹废料微波裂解制备的生物轻油为原料,采用酸碱-有机溶剂萃取法制酚类提取物作为生物柴油抗氧化剂.结果表明,酸碱-有机溶剂萃取法可以有效地将生物轻油中的酚类抗氧化物质提取出来,且生物轻油中的酚类提取物对生物柴油显示出良好的抗氧化性和油溶性,0.1%的添加量就可以使生物柴油的氧化安定性达到EN 14112-2003标准.通过与TBHQ、BHT、BHA、抗坏血酸抗氧化性对比实验显示,从生物轻油中提取的酚类物质对生物柴油具有不逊于传统化学合成的油脂抗氧化剂的抗氧化效果. 相似文献
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文冠果油制备生物柴油的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
为了研究文冠果油作为生物柴油原料的可行性,分析了文冠果油的理化指标和脂肪酸组成,并以文冠果油为原料通过酯交换法制备生物柴油,测定了生物柴油质量指标.结果表明,文冠果油的酸值、碘值(Ⅰ)、皂化值(KOH)、密度(20℃)分别为0.3%、113 g/100 g、176 mg/g、0.893 g/cm3;文冠果油由13种脂肪酸组成,其中C16~C18含量超过75%;所制备的生物柴油质量(除90%回收温度稍高2℃外)符合<柴油机燃料调合用生物柴油(BD100)>标准.文冠果油适合用于制备生物柴油. 相似文献
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我国石油资源紧缺,研究开发生物柴油是当务之急。结合我国情况介绍了几种可用于生产生物柴油的原料,并针对不同的原料,提出了几种可供使用的生产工艺。用泔水油、地沟油和油厂下脚料等原料生产生物柴油工艺成熟、经济合算,值得推广。为适应我国生物柴油的研究与生产,建议加快制定我国生物柴油的相关标准。 相似文献
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生物柴油的低温流动性能、点火与燃烧性能、润滑性能等液体燃料特性对其商业化推广应用及快速发展具有十分重要的意义。以16种生物柴油和0~#柴油为研究对象,对其液体燃料特性参数进行了试验研究。结果表明:16种生物柴油比0~#柴油的密度高2.86%~11.69%,亚麻籽油生物柴油和蓖麻籽油生物柴油的密度不符合我国生物柴油国家标准;16种生物柴油运动黏度均符合我国生物柴油国家标准,且均高于0~#柴油;花生油生物柴油和棕榈油生物柴油冷滤点高于0~#柴油,其余生物柴油均低于0~#柴油;16种生物柴油十六烷值均大于0~#柴油,热值均低于0~#柴油,葵花籽油生物柴油、菜籽油生物柴油和玉米油生物柴油十六烷值不符合我国生物柴油国家标准;16种生物柴油中除棕榈油生物柴油馏程低于0~#柴油外,其余均高于0~#柴油,且亚麻籽油生物柴油和蓖麻籽油生物柴油馏程不符合我国生物柴油国家标准;16种生物柴油中蓖麻籽油生物柴油残炭含量和灰分含量不符合我国生物柴油国家标准,大豆油生物柴油、棉籽油生物柴油、橡胶籽油生物柴油和蓖麻籽油生物柴油机械杂质含量不符合我国生物柴油国家标准;16种生物柴油的磨斑直径均低于0~#柴油,且差别不大。 相似文献
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以市售的劣质食用油为原料、KOH为催化剂酯交换反应制备生物柴油,研究了反应条件温度、时间、醇油物质的量之比和KOH的用量对生物柴油得率的影响。结果表明:随着温度的增加,生物柴油得率先增加后降低,反应温度为65℃时,得率最高,达92.6%;反应1.5 h后,生物柴油得率达89.2%,继续延长反应时间,得率增加缓慢;醇油物质的量之比对得率的增加影响较小,过大还会降低得率;KOH用量为0.8%,生物柴油得率最高,可达92.9%,继续增加KOH用量,得率降低。通过单因素实验和正交实验分析,得出了制备生物柴油的最佳条件:反应温度65℃、反应时间2 h、醇油物质的量之比为6:1、KOH用量为0.8%。 相似文献
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为探讨生物柴油应用于船舶柴油机的可行性,将餐厨废弃油脂生物柴油与柴油混合,在船舶柴油机上进行试验,测试其对船舶柴油机性能、排放特性和燃烧特性的影响。结果表明:生物柴油混合物的高黏度以及低热值会降低有效热效率,并导致燃油消耗率略有升高;由于生物柴油的高含氧量促进完全燃烧,相比于柴油,燃烧生物柴油混合物后,一氧化碳排放量最高下降17%,二氧化碳排放量最高下降5.1%,二氧化硫排放量最高下降41%,碳烟排放量最高下降36%;生物柴油过快的燃烧速率提高了气缸内的燃烧温度,以及高含氧量促进了氮氧化物的排放;生物柴油混合物燃烧时的缸内压力与柴油非常接近。餐厨废弃油脂生物柴油对船舶柴油机的性能、燃烧特性和排放特性均具有较好的表现,可以作为柴油的替代燃料用于船舶柴油机。 相似文献
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以大豆生物柴油为原料,通过Rancimat酸败法测定大豆生物柴油氧化稳定性,研究了大豆生物柴油的不饱和度、制备过程和存储过程中相关因素对大豆生物柴油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明:大豆生物柴油不饱和度越低,其氧化稳定性越好;大豆生物柴油中水分残留量和甲醇残留量越高,其氧化稳定性越差,甘油残留量对大豆生物柴油氧化稳定性的影响较小,因此大豆生物柴油中水分残留量应低于0.05%,甲醇残留量应低于0.2%;大豆生物柴油的氧化诱导期随温度的升高而迅速缩短,且随空气流量增加呈线性下降,金属离子对大豆生物柴油氧化降解起催化作用,光照和通风导致大豆生物柴油极易氧化,因此大豆生物柴油应在避光不通风条件下,低温存储在含金属离子少的碳钢容器中。 相似文献
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生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能差是阻碍生物柴油发展的重要原因之一。为了加强生物柴油行业规范化,促进生物柴油产业健康发展,综述了生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的影响因素和评价方法,并根据不同影响因素提出了建议。生物柴油中饱和脂肪酸甲酯、脂肪酸甘油酯、游离甘油、甾醇糖苷均会影响生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能。可通过调变生物柴油分子结构,添加流动性改进剂和冷冻分离饱和脂肪酸甲酯等方法,减少饱和脂肪酸甲酯对生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的负面影响。ASTM D7501是评价生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能的有效方法。在ASTM D7501基础上,制定的适用于我国生物柴油低温过滤阻塞性能评价的试验方法,对于促进我国生物柴油产品品质提升具有现实意义。 相似文献
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Hydrogen and ethanol production from glycerol-containing wastes discharged after biodiesel manufacturing process 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Ito T Nakashimada Y Senba K Matsui T Nishio N 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2005,100(3):260-265
H2 and ethanol production from glycerol-containing wastes discharged after a manufacturing process for biodiesel fuel (biodiesel wastes) using Enterobacter aerogenes HU-101 was evaluated. The biodiesel wastes should be diluted with a synthetic medium to increase the rate of glycerol utilization and the addition of yeast extract and tryptone to the synthetic medium accelerated the production of H2 and ethanol. The yields of H2 and ethanol decreased with an increase in the concentrations of biodiesel wastes and commercially available glycerol (pure glycerol). Furthermore, the rates of H2 and ethanol production from biodiesel wastes were much lower than those at the same concentration of pure glycerol, partially due to a high salt content in the wastes. In continuous culture with a packed-bed reactor using self-immobilized cells, the maximum rate of H2 production from pure glycerol was 80 mmol/l/h yielding ethanol at 0.8 mol/mol-glycerol, while that from biodiesel wastes was only 30 mmol/l/h. However, using porous ceramics as a support material to fix cells in the reactor, the maximum H2 production rate from biodiesel wastes reached 63 mmol/l/h obtaining an ethanol yield of 0.85 mol/mol-glycerol. 相似文献
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Cardone M Prati MV Rocco V Seggiani M Senatore A Vitoloi S 《Environmental science & technology》2002,36(21):4656-4662
A comparison of the performance of Brassica carinata oil-derived biodiesel with a commercial rapeseed oil-derived biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel is discussed as regards engine performance and regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions. B. carinata is an oil crop that can be cultivated in coastal areas of central-southern Italy, where it is more difficult to achieve the productivity potentials of Brassica napus (by far the most common rapeseed cultivated in continental Europe). Experimental tests were carried out on a turbocharged direct injection passenger car diesel engine fueled with 100% biodiesel. The unregulated exhaust emissions were characterized by determining the SOOT and soluble organic fraction content in the particulate matter, together with analysis of the content and speciation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which are potentially carcinogenic, and of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones) that act as ozone precursors. B. carinata and commercial biodiesel behaved similarly as far as engine performance and regulated and unregulated emissions were concerned. When compared with petroleum diesel fuel, the engine test bench analysis did not show any appreciable variation of output engine torque values, while there was a significant difference in specific fuel consumption data at the lowest loads for the biofuels and petroleum diesel fuel. The biofuels were observed to produce higher levels of NOx concentrations and lower levels of PM with respect to the diesel fuel. The engine heat release analysis conducted shows that there is a potential for increased thermal NOx generation when firing biodiesel with no prior modification to the injection timing. It seems that, for both the biofuels, this behavior is caused by an advanced combustion evolution, which is particularly apparent at the higher loads. When compared with petroleum diesel fuel, biodiesel emissions contain less SOOT, and a greater fraction of the particulate was soluble. The analysis and speciation of the soluble organic fraction of biodiesel particulate suggest that the carcinogenic potential of the biodiesel emissions is probably lower than that of petroleum diesel. Its better adaptivity and productivity in clay and sandy-type soils and in semiarid temperate climate and the fact that the performance of its derived biodiesel is quite similar to commercial biodiesel make B. carinata a promising oil crop that could offer the possibility of exploiting the Mediterranean marginal areas for energetic purposes. 相似文献