替代进口稳定剂的冷轧堆练漂试验与生产

冷轧堆练漂工艺应用初期，常用助剂都是从国外进口，国内缺少可利用的配套助剂。试验与生产表明，选用SD－P稳定剂和适当的配方，在漂白反应中既有一定的活性，又能使H2O2有较好的稳定性。产品有较高的白度和较好的适染性能，经济效益和劳动保护都较好。     

紫皮甘蔗色素的提取及理化性质的研究

从甘蔗中提取食用色素，并对甘蔗色素的提取方法和基本性质进行研究。该色素的理化性质表明色素的最大吸收波长为535nm，在PH3—11都能稳定存在，有较好的耐热性，但不耐光照，Mg^2 、Ca^2 、S^2 等离子对该色素无不良影响，且耐氧化能力一般。但色素有较好的耐还原能力。Vc等食品添加剂溶液的加入会使色素增色。     

桃花红色素的提取工艺及稳定性研究

研究桃花红色素的提取工艺和稳定性。实验表明，该色素易溶于水、乙醇等极性较强的溶剂；在酸性条件下，色泽稳定且对K^＋、Mg^2＋、Al^2＋、Ca^2＋,Cu^2＋等离子均有较好的稳定性；对蔗糖、味精等的稳定性较好，但对阳光、热、氧化剂、还原剂和高浓度加碘食盐的稳定性一般。     

羧酸类高分子聚合物在活性染料染色皂洗中的应用

马来酸酐，丙烯酸共聚物（MA-AA）有较好的抗再沾污性能，聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）具有较强的螯合Ca^2＋,Mg^2＋的能力，将这2种羧酸类聚合物进行复配，形成了一种既有较好净洗能力，又有较强抗沾色能力的皂洗剂，且易生物降解，是一种环保型的纺织助剂．     

葡萄籽中原花青素的稳定性研究

研究了原花青素在不同条件下的稳定性，结果表明：原花青素光稳定性较差；低pH值稳定性较好；热稳定性较好，但在60℃以上温度时原花青素会受到一定影响；添加剂Vc、亚硫酸氢钠可提高葡萄籽原花青素的稳定性；Fe^2＋和Sn^2＋对原花青素有明显的破坏作用，Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋、Mn^2＋影响较小，Al^3＋、Zn^2＋、Na^＋、Mg^2＋影响较大。     

羊毛生物酶低温染色工艺研究

通过研究蛋白酶羊毛低温染色的协同促染剂，得出在pH值为弱酸性条件下，选用对羊毛鳞片有较好乳化作用的表面活性剂OP-10和对诺和LanL酶有较好激活作用的激活剂MgSO4，可以使酶的用量降低为2％，降低了生产成本，使羊毛弱酸性生物低温染色工艺实现工业化成为可能。     

施氮量对烤烟产量和品质的影响

通过在福建三明和南平的田间试验研究了施氮量对烤烟产量和品质的影响。结果表明，不同施氮量对烟株农艺性状、烟叶产量、产值、化学成分、外观品质和评吸质量均有显影响。株高、茎围、最大叶面积、单叶重和产量随施氮量的增加而上升，产值、均价和上等烟比例在适宜的施氮量下表现较好。不同部位烟叶烟碱含量随施氮量增加显提高，还原糖含量和还原糖／烟碱比值降低。综合烟叶内在化学分析、外观品质和评吸结果，三明试验点以施N76．5kg／hm^2和102kg／hm^2处理较好，而南平试验点则以施N102kg／hm^2和127．5kg／hm^2较好。     

高效氧漂非硅型稳定剂的研制及应用

采用高分子电解质和有机复合物制成络合吸附型非硅氧漂稳定剂，对Cu^2 、Ca^2 等金属离子有很强的吸附能力且有阻垢作用，从室温分解率和高温分解率测试数据可知，该稳定剂有较好的稳定作用，其白度、毛效、手感、棉籽壳去除情况均优于其它产品，且成本较低，适用于退煮漂一步法，退浆率较高。     

2，4-二甲基苯胺和2，6-二甲基苯胺的鉴别

为了使2，4-二甲基苯胺和2，6-二甲基苯胺的实现分离，采用气相色谱一质谱联用方法，通过改进色谱条件，使其实现了较好的分离；试验结果表明，采用气一质联用方法可以使2，4-二甲基苯胺和2，6-二甲基苯胺实现较好的分离，而且有效可行。     

扛板归红色素的提取及稳定性研究

研究了扛板归红色素的提取条件和稳定性，结果表明，用料液比1：50、pH1的95％乙醇作为提取剂，在60℃恒温浸提10min，提取效率较好。扛板归红色素属色素苷类色素，水溶性好，对热（60℃以内）的耐受性强，光照能加快色素降解。pH值对色素影响明显。金属离子Na^＋、Ca^2＋、Al^3＋、Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋对色素色泽无影响，而Fe^3＋、Pb^2＋有不良影响。色素的抗氧化能力较差，而耐还原性能较好。蔗糖、葡葡糖和盐等添加剂对色素无影响。     

Flavonoids and C13-norisoprenoids in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz: relationships between grape and wine composition,wine colour and wine sensory properties

Background and Aims: This study investigated flavonoid composition and C₁₃-norisoprenoids (β-damascenone and β-ionone) in Shiraz grapes and wines, their relationships and links to wine sensory properties. Methods and Results: Differences in the grape berry flavonoid profile were created by exposing bunches to varying levels of sunlight intensity through canopy manipulation. Grapes were harvested at similar maturity and three replicate wines were made for each treatment in both vintages. Grapes produced under shaded canopy conditions had reduced anthocyanins and skin tannins, but little effect on seed tannins was observed. Pigmented polymers and tannins in wines were related to berry flavonoid composition (anthocyanins, skin and seed tannins, and their ratios). In grapes and wines, no significant effects were observed in response to canopy manipulation for two hydrolytically released C₁₃-norisoprenoids, β-damascenone and β-ionone. Relationships were established for wine flavonoid composition, wine colour density, sensory perception of the astringency-related mouth-feel attributes and a quality scale. A positive relationship between wine quality score and hydrolytically released β-damascenone in both berries and wines was found, but not for free β-damascenone or any quantified forms of β-ionone. Conclusion: Higher concentrations of anthocyanins and skin tannins in berries, coupled with a lower concentration of seed tannins were associated with higher wine quality. The ratio anthocyanins*skin tannins/seed tannins is proposed as an indicator of wine flavonoid composition, wine colour and wine quality. Excessive canopy shade was detrimental to berry and wine composition and intensified sensory detection of ‘straw’ and ‘herbaceous’ characters in the wines. Significance of the Study: This study increases the understanding of the balance and composition of flavonoid compounds and C₁₃-norisoprenoids in berries and their relationship with wine composition and wine sensory properties, but also highlights the importance of a canopy microclimate assessment.     

Outfitting Textiles,Fashion + Architecture: The Convergence + Interplay of Construction + Engineering for the Human Form

Links between textiles, fashion, and architecture are examined in terms of their visual aesthetics and methods of realization. Both garments and buildings touch our everyday lives and can be seen as similar types of “outfits.” Pragmatic and expressive they provide protection and shelter while also reflecting taste and identity. As ever-new textiles and technologies are emerging, these are infiltrating both the world of fashion and that of architecture. Fashion references architecture, and architecture references fashion in human scale/proportions and harmony/balance of forms, while the correct choice of textile is crucial to their realization. Fashion is traditionally seen as being ephemeral and temporal and architecture as monumental and permanent but these notions are rapidly changing. Fashion is slowing down to embrace issues of sustainability, timelessness, and longevity while architecture is speeding up to take on aspects of flexibility, mobility, and change. It is proposed that the future will move towards a convergence that includes the bespoke where new textiles and technologies enable “outfits” to be made for wearing and for living in that are intimate and individual—tailored to suit and responsive to need.     

Physicochemical,milling and cooking quality of rice as affected by sowing and transplanting dates

The physicochemical, milling and cooking characteristics of three commercial varieties of paddy viz. Jaya, PR 106 and Pb. Basmati no. 1 as affected by different dates of sowing nursery and transplanting, were investigated. Grain yield was adversely affected with late sowing and transplanting dates. Significant differences were recorded on the yield of head rice and brokens in the three varieties grown under different sowing and transplanting dates. The effect of normal and late dates of sowing on 1000-kernel weight and grain dimensions was significant for both paddy and milled rice. Protein content of rice was not affected by sowing dates but late transplantings resulted in higher values. Free fatty acids in rice and bran were significantly increased with late sowing and transplanting dates, however, the amylose content decreased under these situations. Late transplanting dates decreased the minimum cooking time but increased the solid losses in gruel. The late transplantings deteriorated the organoleptic properties of cooked rice and had higher values for clearing and spreading.     

Rapid and accurate determination of d- and l-lactate,lactose and galactose by enzymatic reactions coupled to formation of a fluorochromophore: Applications in food quality control

A fluorometric-coupled reaction for the accurate and rapid determination d- and l-lactate and lactose, galactose in foods is presented. The method was found useful for an accurate determination of these metabolites in heterogeneous, opaque and colourful foods without pretreatments. Example for the determination of lactose, galactose, d- and l-lactate in milk, and yogurts and d- and l-lactate in milk, wine and beer is provided. Unexpectedly, we found that the composition of some commercial bio-yogurts produced in Israel is not consistent with the classical definition of yogurts. Thus, this method offers rapid and accurate methodology, which should be particularly valuable in food quality control.     

Chemistry,Technology, and Nutraceutical Functions of Cumin (cuminum cyminum L): An Overview

Cumin is a seed spice belonging to the family umbelliferae. Cumin and value added products from cumin are used in food flavoring and perfumery. Cumin contains volatile oil (3–4%), cuminaldehyde, the major active principle, which is present to an extent of 45–50%. Cumin and value added products from cumin, viz., cumin oil and oleoresin are exported. Cumin powder forms the main component of many spice mixes and curry powders. Cuminaldehyde is an important phytochemical and possesses many health benefits. Alcohol and water extract of cumin are reported to possess many nutraceutical properties like antiallergic, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and hypoglycemic. Cumin and value added products from cumin can be a good source of nutraceuticals with many biological activities. Incorporation of cumin into food products will have the benefits of a flavorant and nutraceutical at the same time. In the present review, the chemistry, processing, and biological activities of cumin and its components are discussed.     

Lipid analysis—a 20th century success?

Lipid analysis, providing an understanding of chemistry and structure, begins in Continental Europe during the 18th century. However, it necessarily takes until the mid 20th century before methodology develops sufficiently for the production of fast accurate and quantitative data. Up to 1922 analytical methodology relies on good observation and painstaking care, but only achieves bulk properties. Key early workers are Tachen and Scheele, followed by the great Chevreul, while Pelouze and Berthelot later added to his work. Thus by 1900 we had knowledge of the basic structure and composition of fat, enabling Lewkowitsch to publish manuals of data and simple analytical methodology in 1901 and 1922. Hilditch, in the UK from 1925 to 1952, much improved analytical methods and knowledge, leading to publication of the major work, The Chemical Constitution of Natural Fats. In 1951 Martin and James published the key development of gas chromatography. It led to rapid advancement of knowledge in structure, chemistry and biochemistry of lipid. Parallel and future develoments in thin layer and high performance liquid chromatography complemented this. Other developments, in particular NMR and mass spectrometry, have created an exciting completion to the success of 20th century lipid analysis. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

赤霞珠葡萄生长发育过程中内源激素的变化及其与果实成熟的关系

为研究赤霞珠葡萄果实发育过程中不同组织(果皮、果肉和种子)内源激素的含量变化及其与果实成熟的关系,用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定果实发育过程中果皮、果肉以及种子中脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、生长素(indole acetic acid,IAA)、赤霉素(gibberellin A_3,GA_3)、茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)和水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)的含量。结果发现,在葡萄果实生长发育过程中,葡萄果皮和果皮中ABA含量呈双S型变化,花后20 d左右,ABA含量较高,随着果实膨大开始下降,随后开始上升,至转色中期达到最大值,随着果实的成熟缓慢下降;果皮、果肉和种子中GA_3含量均是从果实膨大期开始上升,膨大后期下降,随后在转色初期又开始上升,随后下降;JA含量的变化与GA_3类似;果皮和果肉中IAA含量首先略微下降,在果实快速生长期迅速上升,并达到峰值,随着果实进入转色期,含量逐渐下降并保持稳定,果实膨大期之前,种子中IAA含量较高,随着果实膨大降低,并维持在较低水平,SA含量的变化与IAA类似。结论:ABA、GA_3、JA含量与赤霞珠果实成熟有关,IAA、GA_3、SA、JA含量与赤霞珠果实生长有关。     

Cadmium, mercury, iron, copper, manganese and zinc in the liver and kidney of the Icelandic lamb

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of cadmium, mercury, iron, copper, manganese and zinc in lamb liver and kidney from six areas in Iceland and to compare the results against aerial deposition data for the same elements obtained using moss as an indicator organism. The total number of samples was 96 for each organ. Cadmium was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry, mercury by coldvapour atomic absorption, and iron, copper, manganese and zinc by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry. Analysis of variance determined significance differences among means for areas, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to study correlation among trace elements in liver and kidney. The mean fresh weight concentrations in lamb liver and kidney respectively were 0.045 and 0.058mg kg -1 for cadmium, 0.009 and 0.012mgkg -1 for mercury, 141 and 52.7mgkg -1 for iron, 28.1 and 2.89mgkg -1 for copper, 4.01 and 1.13mgkg -1 for manganese and 48.7 and 25.2mgkg -1 for zinc. Concentrations of cadmium, mercury and copper in the liver and kidney of the Icelandic lamb were low compared with data from other countries. Iron concentrations in the organs, however, were high. No sample exceeded 46% of the proposed maximum level for cadmium in organs for human consumption in the EC. Cadmium, mercury, iron and copper in the liver and kidney differed significantly between areas. Deposition of cadmium and copper in moss was not a useful indicator in the evaluation of the susceptibility of the Icelandic lamb to accumulation of cadmium and cop per. However, iron levels in Icelandic lamb liver showed the same pattern as results for iron from the moss study. The cadmium and mercury levels of organs from lambs grazing in the vicinity of Mount Hekla a few months after its eruption did not indicate a significant contamination from volcanic activity.     

窖泥微生物总DNA的提取纯化研究

窖泥是产生白酒中香味物质的功能菌的生长繁殖载体，白酒中的呈香呈味物质主要是由窖泥微生态中的己酸菌、丁酸菌、甲烷菌等代谢产生和酯化生化反应生成。从窖泥中提取微生物总DNA，经纯化、PCR扩增等处理分析，可跟踪检测不同时期、不同轮次发酵后窖泥中的各菌种、菌群的变化，对养窖护窖、发酵过程控制、提高发酵糟醅质量和酒质等生产都具有指导意义。     

Bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe, and heme iron content in unaged and aged meat of Hereford and Braford steers fed pasture

The content and the bioaccessibility of Se, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe were determined in unaged and aged meat (14days) from the Psoas major (PM), Gluteus medius (GM) and Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of Hereford (H) and Braford breed (B) steers fed pasture. Furthermore, the content of heme-Fe was determined in the same muscles. The H had a lower content of Cu and a higher content of Fe. Also, H had more heme-Fe than B. The bioaccessibility in unaged meat for Se, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe ranged between 75 and 91%, 30 and 45%, 40 and 68%, 55 and 95%, and 60 and 70%, respectively. After aging, the bioaccessibility for the same minerals ranged between 58 and 80%, 30 and 48%, 40 and 58%, 75 and 95%, and 59 and 70%, respectively. Aging affected negatively the Se content and its bioaccessibility, in the two breeds. Also, the heme-Fe content was negatively affected by aging in all muscles and breeds.