磷酸酯型表面活性剂的物化特性研究

磷酸酯型表面活性剂作为新型添加剂已开始用于染色助剂中，研究氧乙烯型和脂肪醇型磷酸酯的表面张力、粘度特性以及在不同碱浓度下的乳液稳定性等物化指标，并与阴离子表面活性剂－十二烷基苯磺酸盐（ＡＢＳ）比较，为磷酸酯型表面活性剂的深层次开发应用奠定理论基础。     

磷酸酯型表面活性剂在染整工业中的应用

介绍了磷酸酯型表面活性剂特性、五氧化二磷与脂肪醇合成反应的一般工艺条件和不同分子结构对产品性能的影响.在染整工业中作为耐碱渗透剂、精练剂、丝光渗透剂,抗静电剂以及洗涤剂、阻燃剂已得到了广泛的使用.随着有机合成、表面化技术的进步,磷酸酯表面活性剂在染整工业中,应用必将日益扩大.     

皮革化工材料知识及典型产品介绍（8）

2.1.4 磷酸化油 含有羟基的脂肪醇,烷基酚及含有羟基的天然植物油与磷酸化试剂反应可生成磷酸化的单酯或双酯，甚至于可生成聚磷酸酯。而生成的磷酸酯都是酸性的磷酸酯，酸性磷酸酯用适当的碱中和后生成磷酸酯表面活性剂。这种表面活性剂可广泛用于工业助剂。如果控制适当的磷酸化深度（磷酸基引入的数量）和中和深度，所得到的磷酸化产品可用于皮革加脂，也可与其它中性油脂或磺化油类、硫酸化油类组成性能良好的皮革加脂剂。     

磷酸酯的合成及其在皮革加脂剂中的应用

综述了磷酸酯阴离子表面活性剂的特性、合成原理和优缺点，介绍了P2O5分散投料制备磷酸酯的新方法；比较了磷酸酯的组成分析方法，阐明了磷酸酯表面活性剂在皮革加脂中的应用前景。     

磷酸酯两性表面活性剂的合成及应用

系统介绍了磷酸酯两性表面活性剂的应用及合成 ,对磷酸酯两性表面活性剂的深入研究及拓宽其应用领域提供了有益的参考     

两性磷酸酯表面活性剂的合成与皮革加脂

详细阐述了两性磷酸酯表面活性剂（包括硅氟两性磷酸酯表面活性剂）的合成方法,且讨论了在皮革加脂中的应用前景。     

磷酸酯类表面活性剂在煮练助剂中的增效作用

磷酸酯类表面活性剂在高温、强碱作用下具有很好的润湿渗透作用，同时与其它阴、非离子表面活性剂有很好的协同作用。将磷酸酯与其它表面活性剂复配能大大增强煮练液的润湿、乳化、净洗作用。煮练后织物半成品毛效、白度均较好，而且对去除亚麻中的木质素有辅助作用。     

脂肪醇磷酸酯聚氧乙烯醚的合成北大核心

以C_(12~14)醇、五氧化二磷、环氧乙烷为原料合成了脂肪醇磷酸酯聚氧乙烯醚,采用单因素实验考察了投料比、反应温度和反应时间对其应用性能的影响,得到优化工艺条件为:在强力搅拌下,五氧化二磷分批加料,n(脂肪醇)∶n(五氧化二磷)=2.5∶1,于65℃下酯化或水解反应3 h。当脂肪醇磷酸酯末端磷羟基上引入的环氧乙烷数目为7~8时,脂肪醇磷酸酯聚醚的净洗力和渗透力达到最优。脂肪醇磷酸聚醚不仅合成工艺简单,小分子磷酸质量分数低至4.5%,应用方面净洗力达到68%,渗透力仅为13 s。     

脂肪醇磷酸酯聚氧乙烯醚的合成北大核心

以C_(12~14)醇、五氧化二磷、环氧乙烷为原料合成了脂肪醇磷酸酯聚氧乙烯醚,采用单因素实验考察了投料比、反应温度和反应时间对其应用性能的影响,得到优化工艺条件为:在强力搅拌下,五氧化二磷分批加料,n(脂肪醇)∶n(五氧化二磷)=2.5∶1,于65℃下酯化或水解反应3 h。当脂肪醇磷酸酯末端磷羟基上引入的环氧乙烷数目为7~8时,脂肪醇磷酸酯聚醚的净洗力和渗透力达到最优。脂肪醇磷酸聚醚不仅合成工艺简单,小分子磷酸质量分数低至4.5%,应用方面净洗力达到68%,渗透力仅为13 s。     

磷酸酯Gemini表面活性剂的结构与性能

通过以P2O5和POCl3为磷化剂,合成2种不同结构的磷酸酯Gemini表面活性剂,并对其结构和表面活性、润湿性、乳化性、泡沫性、抗静电性、摩擦特性之间的关系进行讨论。结果表明:磷酸酯Gemini表面活性剂具有较好的表面活性和应用性能;磷化剂为P2O5的Gemini表面活性剂,其表面张力、润湿性能、对纤维的平滑性较好,而以POCl3为磷化剂的Gemini表面活性剂的乳化性、低泡性、抗静电性、抱合性较好。     

烷基磷酸酯盐抗静电剂的合成及其性能

以长链脂肪醇和五氧化二磷（P2O5）为主要原料合成磷酸酯盐抗静电剂。利用正交试验对合成条件进行探讨,结果显示,当酯化温度为80℃,反应时间5 h,70℃下水解2h,二乙醇胺作为中和试剂时,可得到转化率高、性能稳定的产品。n（十二醇）：n（十八醇）在设定的反应条件下对产品的总体转化率影响不大,但产品的吸湿性随十八醇比例的增加而降低,耐热性随十八醇比例的增加变好,当n（十二醇）:n（十八醇）配比为2:1时,产品的抗静电性能最佳。     

无卤含磷阻燃剂对箱纸板的阻燃作用

比较了3种含磷阻燃剂(磷酸季戊四醇缩合物、磷酸季戊四醇缩合物的铵盐、磷酸氢二铵)对箱纸板的阻燃作用。实验发现,当三者用量相同时,对箱纸板的阻燃性和耐热性的作用大小为:磷酸氢二铵>磷酸季戊四醇缩合物的铵盐>磷酸季戊四醇缩合物;耐水阻燃性作用大小为:磷酸季戊四醇缩合物>磷酸季戊四醇缩合物的铵盐>磷酸氢二铵。     

磷酸根离子对固定化酵母细胞传质效果改善的研究

利用磷酸根离子对海藻酸钙凝胶有软化、破坏作用的原理,来处理用海藻酸钠-PVA混合载体包埋制得的固定化细胞颗粒,可有效降低凝胶结构的紧密程度,增强其通透性,获得较好的传质效果,通过扫描电镜对凝胶颗粒结构的袁征证实了实验效果。实验得出最好的磷酸根离子处理方式为：用0．8mol／L KH2PO4浸泡固定化细胞颗粒24h后再进行发酵生产。最后用多批次发酵实验验证了用磷酸根离子处理后的固定化酵母细胞的产酒、机械性能的稳定性。     

磷酸酯淀粉的制备

选用磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、焦磷酸钠及混合磷酸盐作酯化剂制备了木薯磷酸酯淀粉,考察了酯化剂用量、磷酸盐混合物的质量比、尿素等因素对磷酸酯淀粉的取代度和反应效率的影响.结果表明:磷酸酯淀粉的取代度随磷酸盐的用量增加而增大,磷酸盐的结构影响其作用效果.磷酸盐混合物作酯化剂的效果较纯磷酸盐好.添加适量的尿素可提高淀粉的酯化速率和磷酸盐的反应效率.磷酸酯淀粉的取代度对粘度影响不大,但其溶解度是随着取代度的增大而增大.     

新型磷酸盐在钢板表面防锈性能研究

金属防腐蚀涂层中防锈材料的性能与安全问题一直是人们讨论研究的焦点,磷酸盐作为新的替代材料,首先是它们的毒性水平远低于铬酸盐,而且在高温条件下生成的焦磷酸盐,更加的稳定且不挥发,在涂装钢材切割焊接的时候,不会产生对人体以及环境有害的气体。实验采用氧化锌、氢氧化铝、磷酸为原料,控制反应物的物质的量之比,得到澄清的磷酸二氢锌、磷酸二氢锌铝溶液,结晶得到相应的磷酸二氢盐,利用EDTA标定产品中的锌、铝的含量,分光光度法测定材料中磷的含量。将磷酸二氢盐溶于水后添加二氧化硅制成防锈涂层材料液,直接涂布于金属表面。烘干后采用盐雾试验进行测定其防锈性能,其磷酸二氢锌铝的防锈效果较好。     

新型大容量涤纶短纤维油剂的研制与应用

以高碳醇磷酸酯类表面活性剂为主体抗静电剂 ,与其它酯类、醚类非离子表面活性剂复配制得TDS-2000。不同生产规模装置的工业化应用研究结果与进口油剂对比该油剂具有优异的抗静电性 ,较高的油膜强度 ,良好的平滑与抱合性。性能评价表明 :油剂可纺性好 ,能满足生产要求 ,可替代同类进口产品使用。     

Dietary Food‐Additive Phosphate and Human Health Outcomes

Dietary intake of phosphorus is required for human health, and dietary reference intakes for phosphorus have been established. Food‐grade phosphates are used as additives to provide a wide range of technical functions in food production. Phosphates are often the most efficient ingredients to provide the required functionality in many applications, and in some cases, there are not effective and approved alternatives. However, many investigators have expressed concern about the quantities of phosphorus and food‐additive phosphate present in the diets of many populations. This paper presents the outcome of an extensive review of 110 primary research articles focused on identifying evidence that substantiates or refutes associations of total dietary phosphorus and food‐additive phosphate intake with health and disease in humans. The lack of conclusive evidence prevented the drawing of firm conclusions about the safety and possible risks of food‐additive phosphate in the general population, which is consonant with the overall assessments of authoritative institutions who have concluded that available data are insufficient to make the required determinations. Despite the inadequacy of the evidence currently available, many of the authors of the publications reviewed for this paper expressed concerns about the quantities of phosphorus and food‐additive phosphate in the diets of the populations and subpopulations they studied. At the same time, most of these authors offered only qualified conclusions and expressed themselves tentatively. In addition, authors of primary research publications, authors of review articles, and authoritative institutions have called for the conduct of further research.     

Effect of shaking procedures on the neutral ammonium citrate soluble phosphate fraction in fertiliser materials

The effect of four types of shaker, extraction time and temperature on the quantity of phosphate extracted by neutral ammonium citrate was evaluated at two research laboratories. Six unprocessed phosphate rocks, and five partially acidulated and four fully acidulated phosphate fertilisers were investigated. Compared with the more than 10-fold variation in the solubility of the two reactive phosphate rock materials, Sechura and North Carolina, that resulted from using different types of shaker, the solubility of the unreactive phosphate rock materials and the partially and fully acidulated phosphate fertilisers in citrate was influenced to a much smaller degree by the action of the shaker. Sechura was less soluble in citrate that all four unreactive phosphate rock materials when either of the two horizontal shakers were used. This is totally at odds with the documented differences in the chemical reactivity' and agronomic effectiveness of these phosphate rock materials. Not until a wrist-action shaker was used did the solubility of Sechura and North Carolina exceed that of the unreactive materials and approach that obtained with a full end-over-end shake. The neutral ammonium citrate procedure needs to include a more precise definition of the type of shaker and its speed. In laboratories where temperature-controlled extraction is not available, a 24-h shake at 20°C using an orbital or end-over-end apparatus could be an alternative to the standard 1-h extraction at 65°C.     

抗性麦芽糊精除杂脱色工艺研究

研究新生磷酸钙法对抗性麦芽糊精的脱色效果,同时考察不同操作条件对脱色效果的影响。结果表明:溶液的起始浓度,石灰乳加入后的pH,磷酸加入后的pH这三个因素能够显著影响溶液脱色的效果。起始浓度Brix=2%为宜,随着起始浓度的增加,脱色效果逐渐下降,损失率逐渐上升。石灰乳加入后pH=11以内,随着pH增加,脱色效果逐渐增加,但是损失率也逐渐上升。磷酸加入后pH控制在6.5,pH在6.5时,脱色率最高达到65%,之后随着pH上升,脱色率逐渐下降。温度对脱色效果影响不显著。阳离子表面活性剂和聚合氯化铝都能够对磷酸钙的脱色效果起到协同增效作用,阳离子表面活性剂添加量在2‰的添加量下,其和磷酸钙混合的脱色率可达到60%;聚合氯化铝添加量为2‰,其和磷酸钙混合的脱色率可达到68%。     

Stability of vitamin C derivatives in topical formulations containing lipoic acid,vitamins A and E

The stability of ascorbyl palmitate, sodium ascorbyl phosphate and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in topical formulations was investigated by direct reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography after sample dilution with a suitable buffer – organic solvent mixture. Ascorbyl palmitate, sodium ascorbyl phosphate and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are derivatives of ascorbic acid which differ in hydrolipophilic properties. They are widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. According to the results, ascorbyl esters showed significant differences: sodium ascorbyl phosphate and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are more stable derivatives of vitamin C than ascorbyl palmitate and may be easily used in cosmetic products.