水相中喹啉的辐解机理研究

利用纳秒级脉冲辐解技术对多种条件下喹啉水溶液的氧化还原机理进行了研究,并对瞬态粒子的主要吸收峰作了归属。探讨了喹啉在羟基、氢自由基、水合电子作用下所产生的瞬态粒子的生成、衰减行为。研究表明,·OH与喹啉在碱性条件下反应生成OH-加合物,速率常数为5.5×109L/mol?s?;在酸性条件下喹11啉先与氢离子反应生成喹啉阳离子,再与羟基发生加成反应,反应速率常数为7.9×109L/mol?s?;在中性条11件下和在碱性条件下反应相似,反应速率常数为7.2×109L/mol?s?;喹啉与水合电子反应生成的喹啉阴离子11自由基,其反应速率常数为7.05×109L/mol?s?;喹啉还可以与氢自由基的发生亲电加成反应。11     

2-氯酚水溶液的脉冲辐解研究

利用脉冲辐解技术对 2-氯酚水溶液在多种条件下的降解行为进行了详细研究。对瞬态光谱中的主要吸收作了归属,并考察了这些瞬态产物的生成和衰减动力学。研究表明,在不同 pH 值下,2-氯酚与?OH 的反应途径不同:中性条件下主要生成羟基加成物,其生成速率常数为 8.3×109dm3?mol-1?s-1;碱性条件下,则主要发生电子转移形成 2-氯代酚氧基,同时存在羟基加成物脱 HCl 和脱 OH-过程。?N3与 2-氯酚发生单电子氧化,形成 2-氯代酚氧基。?H 与 2-氯酚发生加成反应生成环己二烯类氢加成物,其速率常数为 2.5×109dm3 ? mol-1 ? s-1。eaq 与 2-氯酚发生电子转移,生成羟苯基和氯离子,碱性条件(pH=11)和中性条件下的速率 -常数分别为 3.5×108 dm3?mol-1?s-1和 2.2×109 dm3?mol-1?s-1。该结果有助于人们进一步了解氯酚降解的本质,从而为该类化合物的降解处理提供了理论基础。     

辐射技术用于染料废水的脱色与降解

详细阐述了染料废水辐射降解的机理、影响因素和工程应用,为后续研究和工业应用提供参考.经辐照过的染料溶液所产生的·OH、eaq-和H·具有很高的活性,可以和染料分子发生氧化和还原反应,使“-N=N-”和“-C=C-”断裂. OH为强氧化剂,可以直接氧化染料分子并将其降解.eaq-是强还原剂,可迅速脱去染料的颜色,但对脱色...     

二氟沙星在乙腈溶液中的激光光解研究

采用纳秒级激光光解瞬态研究技术,以乙腈作为溶剂,研究在355 nm激光作用下产生二氟沙星(DFX)激发三重态,并利用能量转移的实验进一步研究了二氟沙星激发三重态的性质。结果显示,萘普生和二氟沙星的二元体系在355 nm激光作用下,二氟沙星首先被激发为其激发三重态(580 nm),二氟沙星激发三重态与萘普生发生激发能转移,产生萘普生激发三重态(440 nm)。通过能量转移的方法确定了二氟沙星在乙腈溶剂中产生的激发三重态在最大吸收波长580 nm处的摩尔消光系数为8,900 dm3/mol·cm。通过改变二氟沙星的浓度测得其激发三重态在乙腈体系中的自衰变速率常数和三重态平均寿命(τ)分别为5.39×106 s-1和2.8μs。     

对-硝基苯甲酸的光解行为探讨

以对-硝基苯甲酸为模型,探索两个取代基处于对位而同时不溶于水但溶于有机溶剂的芳香族硝基类有机物的光解行为,为有效降解此类化合物提供实验方法与理论支持。通过266nm激光光解和254nm紫外光降解两种手段对对-硝基苯甲酸的光解行为进行了研究,考察了不同体系对对-硝基苯甲酸光解行为的影响,并获得了相应的ns级激光光解瞬态吸收光谱及紫外光降解效果,为其降解机理研究奠定了基础。通过实验发现,在激光光解条件下,310nm附近有激发三线态的生成;紫外光难以直接降解对-硝基苯甲酸,但UV/H2O2却可提高其降解效率,经分析,认为H2O2在紫外光作用下产生的.OH起到了关键性作用。     

甲基肼水溶液的脉冲辐解研究

利用脉冲电子束进行甲基肼水溶液的脉冲辐解研究,对其瞬态光谱中的主要吸收峰作了归属,并初步考察了这些瞬态物种的生长、衰减等行为.结果表明,·OH与甲基肼反应生成CH3·NNH2,速率常数为(2.4±0.1)×1010mol-1·L·s-1;enq-与甲基肼反应生成CH3·NHNH2自由基,速率常数为(2.7±0.2)×1...     

氯代有机污染物辐照脱氯的研究进展

本工作对电离辐射引发的典型氯代有机污染物的脱氯降解机理进行了综述,重点回顾了氯酚、多氯联苯、三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯辐照脱氯降解的研究现状.氯酚在氧化条件下与羟基自由基(·OH)反应首先形成·OH加成物,然后逐步脱氯;在还原条件下水合电子(e-aq)与氯酚直接发生选择性反应脱氯,生成苯酚和氯离子.多氯联苯在有机溶剂中的辐照降...     

X射线相衬成像用于生物碱沉淀研究的可行性

生物碱与一些特殊的试剂作用生成沉淀。这些反应可用于生物碱的检测和精制。本文分别在同步辐射装置和微聚焦X射线成像系统上用X射线相衬成像(XPCI)方法研究了三种不同类型的生物碱沉淀的结构。研究结果显示：在Hager试剂作用下,有机胺类的秋水仙碱沉淀呈针状,吡啶类的槟榔碱沉淀呈胶团状,异喹啉类的小檗碱沉淀呈花瓣状。与目测或在光学显微镜下观察到的形态有很大差别。为今后用XPCI方法研究更复杂的化学反应体系提供参考和依据。     

二甲基羟胺水溶液的脉冲辐解研究

利用脉冲电子束进行二甲基羟胺(DMHAN)水溶液的脉冲辐解研究,对其瞬态光谱中的主要吸收峰作了归属,并初步考察了这些瞬态物种的生长、衰减等行为。研究结果表明,·OH与DMHAN反应生成(CH3)2NO·自由基,测得速率常数为(4.5±0.3)×109mol-1·L·s-1;eaq-与DMHAN反应生成(CH3)2N·自由基,测得速率常数为(1.3±0.04)×109mol-1·L·s-1。     

硫辛酸清除自由基的反应动力学研究

利用脉冲辐解和激光光解瞬态吸收光谱装置，研究了硫辛酸清除活性氧自由基（ROS）的反应机理，获得涉及反应的瞬态吸收光谱和反应速率常数，测得硫辛酸清除OH，eaq，CO3^-，SO4^-，Br2^-的反应速率常数分别为7．4×10^9、1．3×10^10、9．8×10^8、2．3×10^9、2．0×10^9L·mol^-1·s^-1，并对可能的反应机理进行了探讨。结果表明，硫辛酸能有效地清除活性氧自由基，是个高效的抗氧化剂。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Characteristics of pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence and thermoluminescence for the identification of gamma irradiated poultry eggs

Pulsed photo-stimulated luminescence (PPSL) is a simple screening method that can be employed qualitatively at the spot for the detection of eggs treated with ionizing radiation.Due to the variations in the results during storage,the eggs of ostrich,duck,hen,and quail were irradiated to doses of 0,1,2,and 3 kGy.Most of the samples were incorrectly identified during storage after four months of irradiation.Thermoluminescence (TL) technique was also tried by using egg shells in order to confirm the irradiation treatment in eggs.TL glow curves were recorded between the temperatures 50℃to 400℃at the rate of 5°/s for all the control and irradiated samples.On the basis of integrated areas of first glow curves (TL1),the glow curve ratios (TL1/TL2) and the shapes of maxima of TL1, the irradiation treatment of all the eggs was confirmed.Furthermore,the presence of calcite and aragonite minerals that cause the TL signal in the egg shells were studied using X-ray diffraction spectrometry.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

正~~     

Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Non-FDG PET imaging of brain tumors

Due to relatively high uptake of glucose in the brain cortex, the use of FDG PET imaging is greatly limited in brain tumor imaging, especially for low-grade gliomas and some metastatic tumours. More and more tracers with higher specificity were developed lately for brain tumor imaging. There are 3 main types of non-FDG PET tracers： amino acid tracers, choline tracers and nucleic acid tracers. These tracers are now widely applied in many aspects of brain tumor imaging. This article summarized the general use of non-FDG PET in different aspects of brain tumor imaging.     

基于NPL-NMC系统的γ测量子系统的建模与优化

在军控核查中,核部件的质量、丰度、年龄属性需采用无损方法进行核查,NPL-NMC系统是一套利用中子多重性测量核部件质量属性的装置,为建立完善的属性测量系统,还需在NPL-NMC系统的基础上建立γ测量子系统。本文通过设计γ测量子系统在NPL-NMC系统上的布局及对中子屏蔽的优化,使系统能对铀部件的丰度、年龄属性进行测量。模拟计算结果表明,该γ测量子系统能很好地满足军控核查对铀部件丰度、年龄属性测量的要求。     

数字射线扫描成像系统MTF的测试分析

为有效实现数字射线扫描成像检测系统性能的定量分析评价,据此进行检测工艺参数的优化,对数字射线扫描成像检测系统调制传递函数(Modulation transfer function,MTF)进行了测试分析。采用刀口工具、双线型像质计、分辨率测试卡,对系统在不同焦点大小、放大倍数、运动方向的检测情况,分别进行了MTF的测试并进行了比较。结果表明,双线型像质计与分辨率测试卡的测试结果基本一致,但双线型像质计更便于对比度的定量计算;双线型像质计的对比度传递函数近似符合二次曲线,经转换得到的调制传递函数值高于刀口法的测试值,刀口法计算数值偏低的原因在于运动不平稳所带来的不利影响。分析表明,数字射线扫描成像系统性能受到多个因素的共同影响,MTF测试结果可较全面地对影响因素进行定量评价,可用于确定最佳的检测参数或找出等价的参数组合。     

Improvement of carbon fiber surface properties using electron beam irradiation

Carbon fiber-reinforced advance composites have been used for structural applications,mainly on account of their mechanical properties.The main factor for a good mechanical performance of carbon fiber-reinforced com- posite is the interfacial interaction between its components,which are carbon fiber and polymeric matrix.The aim of this study is to improve the surface properties of the carbon fiber using ionizing radiation from an electron beam to obtain better adhesion properties in the resultant composite.EB radiation was applied on the carbon fiber itself before preparing test specimens for the mechanical tests.Experimental results showed that EB irradiation improved the ten- sile strength of carbon fiber samples.The maximum value in tensile strength was reached using doses of about 250 kGy.After breakage,the morphology aspect of the tensile specimens prepared with irradiated and non-irradiated car- bon fibers were evaluated.SEM micrographs showed modifications on the carbon fiber surface.     

基于物理体模CT图像的1岁儿童体素体模构建

本文介绍了基于1岁儿童物理体模（Model 704-D）的CT图像和中国成年男性参考人体素体模(CRAM)的1岁儿童体素体模（CPP01）的构建,包括通过对物理体模扫描得到OCP01体模（基于儿童物理体模的CT图像建立的一粗略的体素体模）,进而构建和优化CPP01。该体素体模的各器官组织的质量与GBZ/T 200.2-2007所给数据的相对偏差约在5%以内,且其外部轮廓和主要器官的位置与Model 704-D相匹配。