超混沌同步的非线性控制法

用李雅普诺夫函数法与尝试法相结合的方法，构造了１组典型的非线性反馈函数，实现了２个超混沌Ｒｏｓｓｌｅｒ系统的同步。     

混沌系统的滑模变结构观测器同步

将滑模变结构观测器方法用于混沌系统的同步，该方法不需要计算Lyapunov指数。该观测器摒弃了对系统的参数变化适应性不强的传统的利用反馈矩阵进行极点配置的线性反馈，采用了对系统参数摄动鲁棒性更好的变结构控制，其对混沌系统的噪声和参数失配鲁棒性更强。该同步策略被用于熟知的Roessler混沌系统和超混沌Roessler系统，仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

实现混沌同步的非线性变量反馈控制法

应用非线性变量反馈控制法，通过李雅普诺夫函数方法和尝试法，分别构造了一些非线性反馈函数，并用以实现了对Ｒｏｓｓｌｅｒ系统和改进的Ｌｏｒｅｎｚ系统的混沌同步。２种方法起着相互补充的作用。     

复数Lorenz-Haken系统中的超混沌同步及其控制(英文)

以描写失谐单模激光特性的复数Lorenz-Haken系统及其高阶级联系统作为第一个典型例子,首先实现了存在驱动-响应关系类型的超混沌同步,并采用间歇正比于所有系统主变量反馈控制法,实现了超混沌的有效稳定控制。引入的思想方法及概念可以拓广到其他超混沌系统的同步及其控制。指出了混沌同步、超混沌同步及其控制可能的实际应用前景,诸如在激光、等离子体、电子学、密码学、通讯、化学和生物系统等领域中的可能应用潜力。     

26 半导体激光器的混沌反控制与自适应控制

在实际工程中，将一个稳定周期系统驱动到另一个周期态去，必须用足够大的外力才能实现，这就要消耗足够大的能量。混沌反控制则可使系统处于混沌状态，然后获得混沌系统的吸引子具有无穷多的周期态，就可用极小的代价来实现混沌控制，从而达到所需要的稳定周期态。这样，不仅不必回避系统出现的混沌运动，而且在可能条件下人为地将系统首先引导到混沌状态下，然后对这种混沌系统施加某种混沌控制方法，使系统在无穷多规则态的态库中进行自由选择和自由转换，实现目标轨道的灵活选择，这正是混沌控制较其他控制最为显著的优点之一。     

33 外腔反馈式半导体激光器的混沌化与混沌控制

本工作首先通过增加外腔反馈式半导体激光器的激光反馈时间，使系统达到混沌化，然后采用滑模变结构控制方法实现了这种激光器的混沌控制所需的周期态。这种将混沌反控制与混沌控制相结合的方法具有明显的优点，可使系统既能很快地获得稳定的输出激光，又能根据工程需要实现激光输出功率强度的灵活调整，提高了能量转换效率。理论分析和数值计算结果表明，控制结果具有很强的稳定性和鲁棒性，这对改善实际激光系统稳态输出特性，有较好的参考价值。     

实现混沌同步的非线性变量反馈控制方法

应用非线性变量反馈控制法，通过李雅普诺夫函数方法和尝试法，分别构造了一些非线性反馈函数，并用以实现了对Ｒｏｓｓｌｅｒ系统和改进的Ｌｏｒｅｎｚ系统混沌同步，２种方法起着相互补充的作用。     

基于最终吸引子自适应模糊方法的混沌系统控制

对一类未知模型的混沌系统提出一种基于输入－输出线性化的最终吸引子自适应模糊控制方案。由于引入具有快速收敛和稳定性的最终吸引子概念，使该控制方法能更有效、更快速地控制强非线性的混沌系统。证明了所设计的控制器是全局稳定的，并用它控制了两类混沌系统，仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性和快速性。     

网格权重窗方法及其在煤浆系统研究中的应用

本文介绍了权重窗方法的基本原理，以及如何在一个新的ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ程序ＭｃＭｅｓｈ／ｖ．１．０中重新实现这一方法，并给出了ＭｃＭｅｓｈ／ｖ１．０用于煤浆系统研究得到的部分计算结果。     

用FIR滤波器—PPSV实现混沌和超混沌控制

利用数字ＦＩＲ滤波器和正比于系统变量的脉冲反馈法的级联控制非线性连续系统中的混沌和超混沌。以实数Ｌｏｒｅｎｚ系统和复数洛仑兹－哈肯系统为例进行了数值研究。结果表明：ＦＲＩ－ＰＰＳＶ级联控制法比仅用ＦＩＲ滤波法或ＰＰＳＶ法更能有效地控制非线性连续系统中的混沌和超混沌,且抗噪性能ＰＰＳＶ法有显著提高。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.