131I治疗青少年和儿童Graves''''病的临床应用

对^131I治疗儿童和青少年Graves’病的疗效和副作用以及^131I的剂量对治疗Graves’病的影响进行了论述。50多年的医疗实践证明，^131I治疗儿童和青少年Graves’病是安全、有效的，并应该作为首选的治疗方法。     

~(131)I治疗青少年甲亢的疗效观察

采用131I治疗了117例青少年甲亢患者,并进行了一定时间的追踪随访,以探讨131I治疗青少年甲亢的可行性。结果显示,在117例患者中,一次治愈76例(占65.0%),好转28例(23.9%),甲减13例(占11.0%),总有效率为88.9%。14岁以下年龄段的患者使用的活度明显低于14岁以上患者组(15～18岁),但两者的治愈率及甲减发生率均无区别;分次治疗可以提高甲亢的治愈率但对甲减发生率无明显影响。因此,131I可以用于治疗青少年甲亢,但在用药剂量上应视年龄给药。     

131I治疗Graves病的最适剂量探讨

131I治疗弥漫性甲状腺肿并机能亢进症(Grves病)的应用已日渐广泛,但如何控制131I治疗剂量,以求甲亢得到治愈而尽量少发生近期永久性甲低,则是不断深入研究的问题.就131I最适治疗剂量曾提出新的二步计算模式[1],本研究则对此进行深入探讨.     

131I治疗青少年甲亢的疗效观察

采用^131I治疗了117例青少年甲亢患者，并进行了一定时间的追踪随访，以探讨^131I治疗青少年甲亢的可行性。结果显示，在117例患者中，一次治愈76例(占65．0％)，好转28例(23．9％)，甲减13例(占11．0％)，总有效率为88．9％。14岁以下年龄段的患者使用的活度明显低于14岁以上患者组(15～18岁)，但两者的治愈率及甲减发生率均无区别；分次治疗可以提高甲亢的治愈率但对甲减发生率无明显影响。因此，^131I可以用于治疗青少年甲亢，但在用药剂量上应视年龄给药。     

碳酸锂在131I治疗Graves病中的应用

简要评述了碳酸锂对甲状腺摄碘率、甲状腺体积、甲状腺激素等的影响以及临床应用的适用范围.锂离子可以增加131I在甲状腺的停留时间,减少1311用量并提高治疗效果.同时,碳酸锂有抑制甲状腺合成、释放甲状腺激素的作用,可望通过服用碳酸锂减轻131I治疗后由于甲状腺激素水平升高引起的症状和体征.另外,由于碳酸锂有一定的升白细胞作用,因此碳酸锂与131I联合应用治疗Graves病(GD)有一定的适应症.     

碳酸锂对Graves甲亢患者摄131I率的影响

为观察碳酸锂对Graves甲亢患者摄^131I率的影响，将15例24h摄^131I率＜55%，拟进行^131I治疗的Graves甲亢患者，给碳酸锂口服每日三次，每次250mg,6天后进行甲状腺摄^131I率测定。结果表明：患者口服碳酸锂后，甲状腺摄^131I率明显升高（P＜0.01).4h摄^131I率平均提高88%；6h摄^131I率平均提高73%；24h摄^131I率平均提高66%。根据服用碳酸锂后24h甲状腺摄^131I率，计算其治疗用^131I量为服用碳酸锂前的62%，平均减少了38%。因此碳酸锂可以大大提高Graves甲亢患者摄^131I率，降低甲亢患者治疗用^131I的剂量。     

肺癌特异性靶向小分子多肽在肺腺癌放射治疗中的实验研究

在固相合成小分子肽的过程中完成酪氨酸与cNGQGEQc的连接,采用氯胺-T法进行131I标记,构建肺腺癌NCI-H1975细胞株荷瘤裸鼠模型,随机分成4组,分别为:131I-cNGQGEQc治疗组、131I-cNAQAEQc治疗组、131I治疗组和生理盐水对照组,每组5只。尾静脉注射相应药物后,连续30天观测荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤移植物的大小,计算各组荷瘤裸鼠的肿瘤抑制率。研究结果表明:小分子多肽的131I标记率均大于90%,放化纯度均大于95%。131I-cNGQGEQc对肺腺癌NCI-H1975细胞移植瘤具有明显的抑制作用,治疗后第30天移植瘤肿瘤抑制率为60.93%。阴性多肽131I-cNAQAEQc治疗组的肿瘤抑制率为11.63%。131I治疗组的肿瘤抑制率为10.70%。实验结果表明,131I-cNGQGEQc对肺腺癌NCI-H1975细胞具有良好的亲和力及明显的靶向抑制作用,对非小细胞肺癌的靶向治疗具有潜在应用价值。     

甲状腺^131I率的测定对鉴别诊断甲亢^131I治疗后早发甲低类型的临床意义

通过测定甲状腺吸^131I率鉴别诊断^131I治疗后早发甲低的类型。63例甲亢^131I治疗后早发甲低的患者（一过性甲低组33例,永久性甲低组30例,）在甲状腺替代隍、6个月测定甲状3h吸^131I率和血清TT3、TT4、TSH浓度。结果表明：治疗前一过性与永久性甲低组间^131I率有明显差异,TT3、TT4、TSH浓度无明显差异;对对照组相比,一过性甲低组低组治疗前吸^131I率无差异,TT3、TT4和TSH浓度有明显差异,治疗后均无差异;永久性甲低组吸^131I率治疗前、后均明显降低。因此早发甲低的患者,仅靠TT3、TT4、TSH水平难以鉴别甲低类型;但根据吸^131I可准确判断,即甲状腺3h^131I率正常,可以判断为一过性甲低,反之则为永久性甲低。     

~(131)Ⅰ治疗Graves病后远期并发甲减的再随访

作者在1985年对~(131)I治疗Graves病后远期并发甲减随访的基础上,采用HS-TSH(IRMA)、FT_s、TSH、TT_3、TT_4、FT_4I、TRH兴奋试验及MCA、TGA、胆固醇、甘油三脂等项目测定,并结合临床症状、体征对26例(治疗年限平均9.5a)患者进行随访,通过对上述指标比较,指出TSH诊断符合率最高,胆固醇、FT_4I其次,甲减的并发似与患者甲状腺抗体(MCA、TGA)存在有关,并认为~(131)Ⅰ治疗后患者长期随访TSH、FT_4I及胆固醇,有助于及早发现并发甲减和对甲减在替代治疗中病情控制的判断。     

大量生产Na~(131)I时~(131)I废气的治理工艺

~(131)I在核医学领域中,尤其是在我国有较重要的地位。它主要应用于诊断和治疗甲状腺疾病。~(131)I的许多标记化合物亦可用于诊断体内某些脏器的疾病和治疗某些肿瘤。随着核医学的发展,从七十年代起~(131)I的生产量逐年递增,排入大气中的~(131)I的量也随之增     

基于NPL-NMC系统的γ测量子系统的建模与优化

在军控核查中,核部件的质量、丰度、年龄属性需采用无损方法进行核查,NPL-NMC系统是一套利用中子多重性测量核部件质量属性的装置,为建立完善的属性测量系统,还需在NPL-NMC系统的基础上建立γ测量子系统。本文通过设计γ测量子系统在NPL-NMC系统上的布局及对中子屏蔽的优化,使系统能对铀部件的丰度、年龄属性进行测量。模拟计算结果表明,该γ测量子系统能很好地满足军控核查对铀部件丰度、年龄属性测量的要求。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

糖尿病性阳痿患者性激素受体变化研究

为探讨性激素和性激素受体与糖尿病性阳瘘的关系，选择32例糖尿病性阳瘘患者、32例糠尿病无阳瘘患者、32例非糖尿病阳瘘患者和40例健康男性为研究对象，分别采用放射免疫分析测定血浆PRL、T、E2水平，采用放射配基结合分析测定外周血白细胞的ER、AR水平。结果显示，与正常对照组和非糖尿病性阳瘘组相比，糖尿病性阳瘘组和糖尿病无阳瘘组的PRL水平均升高，T和R水平均降低，E2／T和ER／AR比值均升高；与糖尿病无阳瘘组相比，糖尿病性阳瘘组的PRL水平、T水平、E2／T比值均无显著差异，但AR水平进一步降低，ER／AR比值进一步升高。T和AR水平均与年龄之间存在负相关关系。AR水平降低和ER／AR比值升高可能是导致糖尿病性阳瘘的重要原因之一；T和AR水平随年龄增长而降低可能是导致糖尿病性阳瘘的发病率随年龄增长而明显增加的重要原因。     

Prediction of material erosion and lifetime during major plasma instabilities in tokamak devices

Surface and structural damage to plasma-facing components due to the frequent loss of plasma confinement remains a serious problem for the tokamak reactor concept. The deposited plasma energy during major disruptions, edge-localized modes (ELMs), and vertical displacement events (VDEs) causes significant surface erosion, possible structural failure, and frequent plasma contamination. Surface damage consists of vaporization, spallation, and liquid splatter of metallic materials. Structural damage includes large temperature increases and high thermal stresses in structural materials and at the interfaces between surface coatings and structural members. To evaluate the lifetimes of plasma-facing materials and nearby components and to predict the various forms of damage that they experience, comprehensive models (contained in the computer simulation package) are developed, integrated self-consistently, and enhanced. Splashing mechanisms such as bubble boiling and various liquid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities and brittle destruction mechanisms of nonmelting materials can be serious erosion mechanisms and are being studied in detail. The ejected macroscopic particles (MPs) will interact with incoming plasma particles and with the vapor cloud above the surface. Therefore, the dynamic behavior of MPs in the vapor cloud and their influence on total erosion rate is important. Results of self-consistent MHD calculations are presented in which the dynamics of both the vapor cloud and MP interaction are coupled with incoming plasma ions and electrons from the scrape-off layer during a disruption. The design requirements and implications of plasma facing and nearby components are discussed, along with recommendations to mitigate and reduce the effects of plasma instabilities on reactor components.     

双三唑吡啶硝酸溶液反萃TODGA中的Am和Eu

合成了水溶性的2,6-二［1-(羟丙基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基］吡啶(PTD),研究了以N,N,N′,N′-四辛基-3-氧杂戊二酰胺（TODGA）为萃取剂、正十二烷为稀释剂时,PTD对Am和Eu的反萃行为。研究了两相接触时间、PTD浓度、初始硝酸浓度和温度对Am和Eu分配比的影响。结果表明：Am与PTD形成1∶1型和1∶2型配合物,Eu与PTD形成1∶1型配合物; PTD反萃TODGA-TBP中Am和Eu的反应均为吸热过程。在PTD浓度一定的情况下,反萃硝酸浓度小于07 mol/L时,PTD可以实现TODGA中的Am与Eu的反萃分离。     

中国散裂中子源的空气活化监测与评价

中国散裂中子源是我国正在运行的质子加速器大科学实验装置,保证其空气活化水平处于可监测、可控状态,对确保装置的正常运行和科研产出、确保工作人员和公众的辐射安全具有重要意义。国内外以往对加速器空气活化的认识基本都来自参考文献和理论计算;由于没有针对性研发,以往国内加速器的空气活化监测没有测量到空气活化核素及其浓度。2019年底,散裂中子源研发了在线空气活化监测系统,成功监测到了空气活化的主要放射性核素及其活度浓度。本文介绍了该系统的研发情况和监测结果,并提出了对加速器空气活化监测与评价的一些看法。     

管道清洗装置自控系统研制

工业管道在长时间使用过程中,会积聚杂质影响产能,所以需要进行管道清洗。管道清洗装置依次接入工业管路中,清洗各管道杂质。为实时监测管道清洗装置的各项参数,实现人机交互,研制了一套自控系统。该系统选择泓格控制器、研华一体机配合LabVIEW的软硬件架构,缩短系统开发时间,实现系统小型化;采用“双背板”结构、快接插件设计,满足结构的小型化以及快速拆装要求;设计自动关断电动阀,发生紧急情况时,实现与设备的快速截断隔离以防止破空,增强整个系统的安全防护。该自控系统实现了工艺参数的监测、控制、报警、存储、查询、数据导出等功能,拆装方便、可移动,可满足现场的使用要求,同时保障了设备的稳定运行。目前该自控系统已正式投入使用,运行安全稳定。     

带增益的气体探测器读出ASIC的研制

设计了用于带增益的气体探测器比如GEM、RPC等读出的ASIC,实现对探测器信号的放大、成形和对后续实时采样ADC的驱动电路.电荷增益和成形时间可调,有利于探测器不同增益下性能的研究,也扩展了芯片的应用范围.由于成形电路引入的噪声变得显著,在低电荷增益下,ENC会随增益下降而增加.芯片采用Chartered 0.35μm2P4M CMOS工艺,论文介绍了芯片的详细设计和仿真结果.     

气相色谱氩、氪、氙、氡分离度初步研究

核爆炸产生多种稀有气体核素,这些核素可作为核泄露监测对象。气相色谱是组分分离的重要手段,在核爆炸监测取样中有重要应用。本文以5分子筛作为固定相,高纯氮作为流动相,测量了氩、氪、氙、氡在气相色谱中的分离效果。结果表明,在相同色谱条件下,氩、氪分离度小于氪、氙分离度;在柱流量35.6 mL/min、柱温353 K条件下,气相色谱氩、氪,氪、氙,氙、氡分离度均大于2.25。     

Controlled fabrication of ion track nanowires and channels

We describe a system for fabricating prescribed numbers of ion track nanochannels and nanowires from a few hundred down to one. It consists of two parts: first, a mobile tape transport system, which, in connection with an ion beam from a heavy-ion accelerator (nuclear charge Z above 18 and specific energy between 1 and 10 MeV/nucleon) tuned down to low flux density by means of defocusing and a set of sensitive fluorescence screens, can fabricate a series of equidistant irradiation spots on a tape, whereby each spot corresponds to a preset number of ion tracks. The tape transport system uses films of 36 mm width and thicknesses between 5 and 100 μm. The aiming precision of the system depends on the diameter of the installed beam-defining aperture, which is between 50 and 500 μm. The distance between neighboring irradiation spots on the tape is variable and typically set to 25 mm. After reaching the preset number of ion counts the irradiation is terminated, the tape is marked and moved to the next position. The irradiated frames are punched out to circular membranes with the irradiation spot in the center. The second part of the setup is a compact conductometric system with 10 picoampere resolution consisting of a computer controlled conductometric cell, sealing the membrane hermetically between two chemically inert half-chambers containing electrodes and filling/flushing openings, and is encased by an electrical shield and a thermal insulation. The ion tracks can be etched to a preset diameter and the system can be programmed to electroreplicate nanochannels in a prescribed sequence of magnetic/nonmagnetic metals, alloys or semiconductors. The goal of our article is to make the scientific community aware of the special features of single-ion fabrication and to demonstrate convincingly the significance of controlled etching and electro-replication.