建筑哲学概论(本体篇)

作者认为,马克思主义哲学是人认识客观世界和主观世界的科学,它通过建筑哲学这个桥梁指导建筑科学的理论与实践。建立建筑哲学和建筑科学体系并开展相关的研究和科普工作是建筑界的极为迫切的任务。本文论述了钱学森关于建立建筑科学大部门的思路,我国住宅建设方面的七个脱节,建筑哲学的研究对象与范畴,城市、建筑与人的生存、发展等内容。（此为“建筑哲学概论”系列论文之一）     

建立和完善科学的建筑哲学观

阐述了建筑哲学的研究内容,从后科学时代的科学建筑哲学观谈了建立科学的建筑哲学观并使哲学真正成为科学体系的领头学科。     

《钱学森建筑科学思想探微》

钱学森建筑科学思想是建筑科学史、建筑理论史上具有划时代意义的重大创新。钱学森建筑科学的内涵十分丰富,它主要包括建筑、园林和城市科学三个学科,同时,钱学森又用系统论的观点,把建筑科学分成宏观和微观两个层次,即将城市科学纳入＂宏观建筑＂（Macroarchitecture）层次,将建筑纳入＂微观建筑＂（Microarchitecture）层次。本书共分三个部分：即书信、论文和附录。第一部分是钱学森和大家来往的信件,共收入来往书信近480封,其中包括钱学森给大家的信件233封。第二部分是论文。本书收入钱学森院士有关建筑科学的著作9篇,从这些论文中可以领会到钱学森建筑科学思想的精髓。本书也收入了作者鲍世行、顾孟潮撰写的文章,反映了作者对钱学森建筑科学思想的研究和探索。最后部分是附录。     

系统科学视角下的当代建筑形态分析研究

随着科学范式的发展,系统科学弥补了现代科学的不足,为当代世界带来新的研究范式,影响人们的世界观,促使“居住的机器”演化为当代多元化的建筑风格。我国系统科学视角下的建筑学研究起源于钱学森、吴良镛,影响着建筑学科的发展。针对新科学范式演变对建筑形态演化的影响,从定义、内容、环境和特性等方面将一般系统与建筑系统进行类比,探讨建筑系统与一般系统的共性与个性,提出建筑系统的整体性与协同性、开放性、复杂性与非线性态、环境适应性、信息传递性等特性,描述系统科学的建筑形态特征,为系统科学的建筑风格提出理论依据,形成系统科学视角下建筑设计理论以解释当代建筑设计方法并指导实践。     

《四川建筑科学研究》征稿简则

<正>《四川建筑科学研究》由四川省建筑科学研究院主办,是专门报道建筑科研成果及其推广运用的综合性科技学术期刊。本刊是"中文建筑科学类核心期刊"(2014版),亦是《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范》执行优秀期刊、四川省优秀期刊。大16开,双月刊,国内外公开发行。《四川建筑科学研究》主要栏目有:工程结构,工程鉴定、加固与耐久性,地基与基础,振动与抗震,建筑材料,建筑设     

《四川建筑科学研究》征稿简则

<正>《四川建筑科学研究》由四川省建筑科学研究院主办,是专门报道建筑科研成果及其推广运用的综合性科技学术期刊。本刊是"中文建筑科学类核心期刊"(2014版),亦是《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范》执行优秀期刊、四川省优秀期刊。大16开,双月刊,国内外公开发行。《四川建筑科学研究》主要栏目有:工程结构,工程鉴定、加固与耐久性,地基与基础,振动与抗震,建筑材料,建筑设     

论钱学森建筑科学五大理论

作者论述了钱学森在建筑科学领域具有开创性的五个理论贡献:一、为建筑科学定位的理论;二、为建筑哲学定位的理论;三、建立园林学的理论;四、建立城市学的理论;五、建设山水城市的理论。作者认为,钱学森这五个理论,是建筑科学领域极其重要的五大理论课题。研究、深化和完善钱学森这五个理论,对发展我国建筑科学具有极其重要的意义。     

试论钱学森建筑科学思想

钱学森在建筑科学领域做出了具有开创性的5个理论贡献;建筑科学定位的理论;建筑哲学定位的理论;建立园林学的理论;建立城市学的理论;建设山水城市的理论。研究、深化和完善钱学森这5个理论,对发展我国建筑科学具有极其重要的意义。     

《四川建筑科学研究》征稿简则

正《四川建筑科学研究》由四川省建筑科学研究院主办,是专门报道建筑科研成果及其推广运用的综合性科技学术期刊。本刊是"中文建筑科学类核心期刊"(2014版)、"中国科技论文统计源核心期刊",亦是《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范》执行优秀期刊、四川省优秀期刊。大16开,双月刊,国内外公开发行。《四川建筑科学研究》主要栏目有:工程结构,工程鉴定、加固与耐久性,地基与基础,振动与抗震,建筑材料,建筑设     

军事建筑历史与理论类课程教学定位及内容探索

在对国内外军事建筑历史与理论研究进行综述的基础上,针对目前军事院校建筑历史与理论课程教学中存在的目标不明确和内容军事性不强的问题,提出了本科与硕士研究生阶段此类课程体系的基本构架和内容,即以古代中外军事建筑史为基础,以现当代军事建筑发展特征与趋势为重点,辅以中外建筑简史、建筑哲学和建筑学研究方法等课程,以开阔学生的军事建筑视野,帮助其树立科学的军事建筑观,掌握科学的军事建筑研究方法。     

杭州亚运村综合管廊兼顾人防设计方法研究

在我国当前大规模城市基础设施建设进程中,为提高城市生命线工程的防护性能,降低战时破坏带来的不利影响,对于综合管廊兼顾人防设计的需求逐渐提上议事日程。本文首先系统回顾了我国在该领域内的理论研究历程及工程实践现状,对综合管廊工程兼顾人防设计的理论要点做了全面分析总结,归纳了全套设计方法;其次以杭州亚运村片区综合管廊防护设计为例,侧重于片区管廊防护单元的总体布局特点,介绍了按浙江省人防标准进行防护设计的方法和思路,详细分析各专业防护设计方法及技术措施;最后基于前述内容,提炼了该领域内关键技术问题,并对技术标准及相关技术措施提出了建议。本文提出的设计思路方法以及工程实例,可供目前国内类似工程规划设计借鉴参考。     

Cell phones for the spirits: ancestor worship and ritual economies in vietnam and its diasporas

Religion has been thriving in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam since ??i m?i, the onset of market reforms in the late 1980s. Votive paper offerings, part of spiritual and economic well-being, play a crucial role in performing religious practices in the socialist country as well as among diasporic Vietnamese. In urban Hanoi, material objects made from paper are traded in marketplaces and later burned in the streets, in temples and pagodas, in private yards and other places on special occasions in order to be transmitted to the ancestors. In the past few years, the range of votive paper offerings produced, traded, and sent to the deceased has expanded to include new forms and references to new media. Drawing on recent debates in the role of media in religion and in particular on technologies of mediation, I focus on the use of votive paper offerings in the sociocultural context of the Vietnamese spirit world. I explore how new media and media technologies are embedded in multilayered processes of mediation in Vietnam and its diasporas. Taking religious practices of burning votive paper offerings as an ethnographic example, this essay aims to contribute to ongoing debates on popular religion and the sacred life of material goods in late socialist Vietnam, on its transnational ties, and on the entanglements between religion, media and materiality.     

冬季空调不加湿对室内参数的影响

基于质量守恒方程导出了冬季空调系统不加湿时房间内的含湿量计算式,综合考虑影响室内含湿量的主要因素,得出冬季空调可以不加湿时应满足的条件,考察了中国典型气候区代表性空调房间冬季空调不加湿时室内相对湿度能否满足设计要求。研究表明:中国各地区的商场,夏热冬冷地区的餐厅及三星级及以下酒店多功能厅,夏热冬暖地区的影剧院、办公室、酒店客房及多功能厅、餐厅,温和地区的办公室、三星级及以下酒店客房、酒店多功能厅及餐厅空调系统不加湿即可达到设计湿度要求;严寒地区及寒冷地区的影剧院、办公室、酒店客房、酒店多功能厅及餐厅,夏热冬冷地区的影剧院、办公室、酒店客房、四星级及以上酒店多功能厅以及温和地区的影剧院、四星级及以上酒店客房等房间的空调系统必须加湿才能达到设计要求。     

城外造景：清末广州景园营造与岭南 园林的近代转型

清末广州中西交汇,景园营造新旧共存互动,推 动岭南园林的近代转型。其中,在繁荣的中西贸易和文化交 流,以及书院文化、士绅文化等的影响下,清末岭南形成了 以广州为中心、十三行行商为代表、官商士绅竞相造园的特 殊历史时期,其造园数量、规模、意匠等均在该时期达到岭 南古典园林发展的巅峰。这一时期也是岭南园林近代转型的 关键时期。在西方文化和清末洋务运动思想的影响下,广州 开始出现洋务花园、公园、市政绿化,以及校园绿地等新型 园林形式。这些具有公共性质的城市景致与新建私园一道广 泛分布在城墙以外,成为清末广州城市空间拓展与风景体系 形成的重要参与者。由于清末广州城外造景的繁荣,从时间 上开启了岭南园林的近代转型,在空间上使岭南园林的地域 性特征得以形成和辨识,其空间性与时间性界定了清末岭南 园林近代转型的物质及文化维度。梳理了清末广州具有代表 性的景园营造活动,在分析其动力机制的同时,探讨城外造 景之于岭南园林近代转型的意义。     

Trace metal behaviour in estuarine and riverine floodplain soils and sediments: a review

This paper reviews the factors affecting trace metal behaviour in estuarine and riverine floodplain soils and sediments. Spatial occurrence of processes affecting metal mobility and availability in floodplains are largely determined by the topography. At the oxic-anoxic interface and in the anoxic layers of floodplain soils, especially redox-sensitive processes occur, which mainly result in the inclusion of metals in precipitates or the dissolution of metal-containing precipitates. Kinetics of these processes are of great importance for these soils as the location of the oxic-anoxic interface is subject to change due to fluctuating water table levels. Other important processes and factors affecting metal mobility in floodplain soils are adsorption/desorption processes, salinity, the presence of organic matter, sulphur and carbonates, pH and plant growth. Many authors report highly significant correlations between cation exchange capacity, clay or organic matter contents and metal contents in floodplain soils. Iron and manganese (hydr)oxides were found to be the main carriers for Cd, Zn and Ni under oxic conditions, whereas the organic fraction was most important for Cu. The mobility and availability of metals in a floodplain soil can be significantly reduced by the formation of metal sulphide precipitates under anoxic conditions. Ascending salinity in the flood water promotes metal desorption from the floodplain soil in the absence of sulphides, hence increases total metal concentrations in the water column. The net effect of the presence of organic matter can either be a decrease or an increase in metal mobility, whereas the presence of carbonates in calcareous floodplain soils or sediments constitutes an effective buffer against a pH decrease. Moreover, carbonates may also directly precipitate metals. Plants can affect the metal mobility in floodplain soils by oxidising their rhizosphere, taking up metals, excreting exudates and stimulating the activity of microbial symbionts in the rhizosphere.     

探究“虚实”空间关系，创造个性化的城市空间场所

作者利用空间的“虚、实”概念,结合格斯塔心理学的“图底”关系,类比分析中国水墨画的留白艺术手法及生态系统中的细胞繁衍规律,通过张家界城市绿化广场周边地段的概念设计的创作实践,提出创造个性化的城市空间场所工作中虚实空间的理念与原则目标。     

生态还是自然主义: 关于当代种植设计的简要回顾和一些思考

Nature is a cultural construct, and a symbolic form to our cultural landscape. It plays a critical role in the profession of Landscape Architecture, shaping both the practice in the constructed environment as well as the conception of landscape in Pedagogy. This article evaluates contemporary landscape architecture practice in the U.S. through the lens of planting design and ecological design approaches. This retrospect situates selected individuals and their practices in the field of landscape architecture in the past two decades, in parallel with the evolving ecological understanding. These individuals and their works demonstrate the changes in planting design and ecological thinking in the professional practice, and most importantly how these changes contribute to current ecological design methodologies, landscape aesthetics, and public perception of landscape. In addition, the article aims to illustrate a shifting conception of Nature over time and in different cultural context, in which different conceptions of Nature facilitate various approaches to addressing environmental issues. By situating in such context, the article hopes to provide a critical view of contemporary American landscape architecture practice and the current ecological agenda, in order to enable discussions regarding the professional practice in the future.     

A study of the cycling of manganese and other elements in a seasonally anoxic lake, Rostherne Mere, U.K.

The vertical distribution of sulphate, dissolved sulphide, alkalinity, pH, total iron and manganese, Fe(II) and Mn(II) and humic substances was monitored for a year in a seasonally anoxic lake, Rostherne Mere, U.K. During summer stratification Mn(II), probably of sediment origin, accumulated in the hypolimnetic bottom waters to a concentration of 50μm. Release occurred in two stages and appeared to be related to the supply of organic material to the sediment. No ferrous iron or dissolved sulphide were detected in the water column, although they were measured in the interstitial waters of the sediment. Ferrous sulphide formation in the sediment controls the iron(II) and dissolved sulphide concentrations and so minimises the concentration gradients at the sediment-water interface. Electron acceptors other than oxygen are capable of oxidising ferrous and sulphide ions in the water column. pH and alkalinity were the only other chemical components to show appreciable variation with depth, reflecting the biological processes of photosynthesis, respiration and decomposition. Iron and humic substances simultaneously increased in the surface waters after a major flood indicating that they are both present in the solution in contact with the soils of the catchment.     

Towards an ‘Integration Model’ of Planning Education Programmes in a European and International Context: The Contribution of Recent Greek Experience

The article investigates planning education programmes and attempts to re-orient them in the context of both an international ‘problematique’ in reforming planning education, and European Union directives about the creation of a common European space in higher education. First, the article reviews the international trends in changes and challenges in planning and planning education in the 21st century and proposes an ‘integration model’ of planning education programmes in a European and international context. Second, the article focuses on the development of planning studies in Greece. It presents their history and development as well as the institutional framework in which planning and planning education operate. It then analyses the Greek educational curricula in two ways: (1) a quantitative analysis classifying courses into different thematic areas and thereby, revealing the basic structure of the curricula; and (2) a qualitative analysis based on interviews with academic staff in charge of educational curricula and examining the content of courses, the adopted pedagogies and possible restrictions (e.g. human capital, institutional framework, etc.) in introducing effective planning curricula. Finally, the article proposes guidelines for re-orienting educational curricula in Greek schools of planning and draws out wider implications for planning studies in the wider European and international context.