贵阳小关桥双肢薄壁墩抖振响应试验与影响因素分析

在原有抖振时域分析方法的基础上,提出一种考虑复气动导纳函数的修正和抖振力的空间相关性的抖振时域分析方法。为对现有抖振时域分析方法的验证,以贵阳小关桥为例,对其最大悬臂状态进行全桥气弹模型风洞试验,试验中不仅对抖振位移进行测量,还通过在墩底布设动态应变片完成墩底内力的实测。气动导纳函数分别取1、Sears函数和实测的桥梁断面复气动导纳函数,采用抖振力谱法得到考虑气动导纳修正的抖振力。另外对风洞中模型抖振力的空间相关性进行测量,分析气动导纳函数和抖振力空间相关性对结构抖振响应的影响,并与风洞气弹模型试验结果进行了对比分析。分析结果表明:计算分析结果与试验结果基本一致;采用结构实际气动导纳函数的抖振响应与试验更接近;采用抖振力空间相关性计算得到的抖振响应要比采用脉动风速空间相关性的计算结果偏高。     

大跨度桥梁多目标等效静力风荷载基向量法

由于结构抖振响应计算复杂,目前主流风荷载设计规范均采用等效静力风荷载做等代替换。文中以桥梁结构为研究对象,对抖振响应的多目标等效静力风荷载计算方法进行研究。首先,采用经典的荷载-响应相关（LRC）法获得大跨度桥梁主梁各节点处的等效静力风荷载向量,并组成荷载矩阵;其次,采用本征正交分解（POD）技术获得的本征模态矩阵;然后,以主梁的抖振响应极值为等效目标,选取的前i阶本征模态作为构建等效静力风荷载的基向量,获得最小二乘意义的多目标等效静力风荷载;最后,以东海大桥为例对该方法的有效性进行验证。结果表明,由于同时包含了脉动风荷载和抖振响应的主要信息,同时是依据重要程度排序,按照文中方法获得的多目标等效静力风荷载在抖振响应计算精度和荷载分布的合理性方面均表现良好。     

连续梁拱组合结构风致抖振响应分析

以连续梁拱组合结构为背景,利用模拟脉动风场,得到组合结构的时域风荷载,而且通过组合桥抖振时域分析;对拱肋考虑其非线性特征,选择综合了Newmark法与修正的Newton-Raphson迭代法得出结果,并将线性与非线性的数据进行对比分析,对连续梁拱组合结构的非线性抖振响应分析具有一定的参考意义。     

大跨度桥梁结构耦合抖振响应频域分析

基于结构的固有模态坐标 ,提出了用于大跨度桥梁耦合抖振响应分析的有限元CQC(thecompletequadraticcombination)方法。在合理假设基础上 ,推导了桥梁结构的节点等效气动抖振力公式。应用随机振动理论 ,提出了桥梁结构节点位移和单元内力功率谱密度和方差的计算方法。该方法采用了含 18个颤振导数的气动自激力模型 ,可以考虑自然风的任意风谱和空间相关性以及桥梁抖振响应的多模态和模态耦合效应 ,且计算效率很高。此外 ,对主跨跨度 13 85m的江阴长江大桥的耦合抖振问题进行了分析 ,得出了一些结论。分析结果表明 ,在大跨度悬索桥中 ,多模态效应和模态耦合效应对主梁的竖向和扭转位移抖振响应有显著的影响     

桥梁气动导纳识别的阶跃函数拟合法

基于桥梁主梁断面气动导数、阶跃函数与气动导纳之间的关系,提出一种获取气动导纳的阶跃函数拟合法。首先根据紊流风场中的抖振响应,识别桥梁结构气动导数和等效气动导纳,然后由气动导数可拟合得到阶跃函数,并根据阶跃函数系数计算得到竖向脉动风对应的气动导纳,最后结合等效气动导纳计算水平向脉动风对应的气动导纳。阶跃函数拟合法直接根据抖振响应完成了桥梁断面完整气动导纳的识别,实例研究表明,该方法对于桥梁断面气动导纳识别而言是可行的。     

大跨钢桁梁悬索桥风致抖振响应时域分析

文章以飞龙湖乌江钢桁梁悬索桥为工程实例,基于主梁节段模型风洞试验测得静力三分力系数。按照实测风场特性,采用谱解法原理完成了脉动风谱到脉动风速时程的转换,基于小扰动假设条件下得到的准定常气动力理论求得桥梁结构时域化风荷载。采用ANSYS软件建立钢桁梁悬索桥的空间有限元模型并分析了桥梁结构的动力特性,进行了桥梁风致抖振响应时域分析。结果表明:该钢桁梁悬索桥在脉动风荷载作用下具有良好的抗风稳定性能。本研究思路及所得结果可以为该桥梁及其它类型悬索桥风致抖振分析及施工设计提供参考。     

海口世纪大桥施工双悬臂阶段风致抖振反应的控制

海口世纪大桥是一座在建的主跨３４０ｍ的双塔双斜索面预应力混凝土斜拉桥。由于海口市是我国 主要的强风区，在施工设计风速下世纪桥施工阶段存在不安全的因素。为保证大桥的抗风安全，受建设单位委 托，设计单位完成了世纪桥施工双悬臂结构风致抖振反应控制的研究和设计，并经评审通过，建设单位决定采 用。本文在对世纪桥施工双悬臂结构抗风安全性进行评定的基础上，介绍了所完成的世纪桥施工双悬臂结构风 致抖振反应控制方案的原理和设计方法。并通过对设计方案控制效果的理论分析和风洞试验，验证了世纪桥施 工阶段风振控制设计的可行性和可靠性。     

乌江悬索桥抖振响应时域分析

乌江特大桥是一座大跨度、高柔的悬索桥结构,对风荷载的作用十分敏感,需要进行抗风分析。文章采用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS建立了乌江特大悬索桥的三维有限元模型,运用Matlab科学计算软件自编程序模拟脉动风速时程,然后根据准定常理论计算抖振力时程,最后根据时域内的时程分析方法求得抖振时域分析的结果。分析结果为乌江悬索桥的抗风设计提供了依据,可作为设计的参考。     

高耸电视塔脉动风荷载仿真及结构风振响应分析

对合肥电视塔脉动风荷载的仿真及其结构风振响应进行了分析。首先建立了脉动风荷载的功率谱密度函数矩阵。采用频谱表示法 ,仿真得到了作用在合肥电视塔上的与塔高竖向相关的 19条脉动风荷载时程样本。在此基础上 ,采用时程分析方法计算了合肥电视塔的风振动力响应     

基于规范及实测风谱的苏通大桥抖振响应对比研究

复核结构设计是桥梁结构健康监测系统的主要功能之一。以世界第一大跨斜拉桥——苏通大桥为工程背景,采用实测风谱对大桥设计阶段基于规范谱所进行的抖振分析进行验证。首先采用非线性最小二乘法对桥址区实测强风紊流功率谱密度函数进行拟合,获得实测谱曲线,并分别以该实测拟合谱和规范谱为目标谱分别模拟桥址区三维脉动风场。然后采用上述两种风场,基于ANSYS对苏通大桥进行非线性时域抖振响应分析。两种分析结果的对比表明:与实测谱相比,基于规范谱所得的主梁抖振响应情况不一,但主塔抖振响应均偏于保守;两种抖振响应的PSD曲线整体趋势基本一致。分析结果可为该桥的风致抖振性能评价提供研究信息,同时对其他类型结构的抗风设计具有重要的参考价值。     

Investigation on influence factors of buffeting response of bridges and its aeroelastic model verification for Xiaoguan Bridge

A time-domain procedure for analyzing buffeting responses of bridges is presented and implemented in ANSYS, formulated taking into account the self-excited forces, aerodynamic admittance functions (AAFs) and the coherence of buffeting forces. The buffeting forces simulated based on the span-wise coherence of buffeting forces and also considering the aerodynamic admittance functions, together with the steady aerodynamic forces are applied as external loads to the structural model to analyze the buffeting responses in time domain. In order to account for self-excited forces, elemental aeroelastic stiffness and aeroelastic damping matrices for spatial beam elements are derived following the quasi-steady theory and are incorporated in buffeting analysis through the user-defined Matrix27 element in ANSYS. The procedure is applied to the Xiaoguan Bridge, China, during the longest double cantilever stage of construction. The wind tunnel tests of four typical bridge section models are performed to measure the aerodynamic parameters of the bridge including the steady aerodynamic coefficients and aerodynamic admittance functions. The bridge aeroelastic model testing is also carried out, and coherence functions of buffeting forces are derived from the measured buffeting forces. The measurement results of the displacements and internal forces are compared with those obtained from the analytical predictions. The influence factors, including aeroelastic effect, aerodynamic admittance functions and coherence of buffeting forces, are studied in some detail. It is shown the present method inclusive of above factors gives much closer predictions of buffeting responses to the experimental results.     

Modeling hysteretic nonlinear behavior of bridge aerodynamics via cellular automata nested neural network

A new approach to model aerodynamic nonlinearities in the time domain utilizing an artificial neural network (ANN) framework with embedded cellular automata (CA) scheme has been developed. This nonparametric modeling approach has shown good promise in capturing the hysteretic nonlinear behavior of aerodynamic systems in terms of hidden neurons involving higher-order terms. Concurrent training of a set of higher-order neural networks facilitates a unified approach for modeling the combined analysis of flutter and buffeting of cable-supported bridges. Accordingly the influence of buffeting response on the self-excited forces can be captured, including the contribution of damping and coupling effects on the buffeting response. White noise is intentionally introduced to the input data to enhance the robustness of the trained neural network embedded with optimal typology of CA. The effectiveness of this approach and its applications are discussed by way of modeling the aerodynamic behavior of a single-box girder cross-section bridge deck (2-D) under turbulent wind conditions. This approach can be extended to a full-bridge (3-D) model that also takes into account the correlation of aerodynamic forces along the bridge axis. This novel application of data-driven modeling has shown a remarkable potential for applications to bridge aerodynamics and other related areas.     

Parametric study on buffeting performance of a long-span triple-tower suspension bridge

The triple-tower suspension bridge is a brand new type of structural form that is equipped with a dominant mid-tower. The dynamic characteristics of this multiple main-span suspension bridge present a significant difference with that of the conventional single main-span suspension bridge. Hence, taking the Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge as an example, the buffeting performance of a long-span triple-tower suspension bridge under strong winds is comprehensively investigated via finite element method. Specifically, the sensitivity of structural buffeting performance to some major structural parameters, aerodynamic parameters as well as parameters of turbulence inputs is analysed in time domain. It was found that the structural buffeting performance heavily depends on the dead load of the main girder, sag-to-span ratio of the main cable, longitudinal stiffness and structural type of the mid-tower. Also, appropriate selection of aerodynamic admittance function, power spectrum model of fluctuating wind and the spatial coherence coefficient is important in the buffeting analysis. Besides, the self-excited forces have small impact on the calculation of buffeting responses of such a bridge. The analytical results can provide references for the buffeting analyses and wind-resistant design of similar long-span triple-tower suspension bridges.     

Comparisons of bridges flutter derivatives and generalized ones

The causes of the nonlinearity of self-excited aerodynamic force of bridge are interpreted from such two aspects as amplitude and wind velocity. The concept of “generalized flutter derivative” is proposed, and its physical meaning is illustrated. The graphs of the generalized flutter derivatives of plate and Sutong Bridge section model are plotted. The characteristics of all generalized flutter derivatives are compared and analyzed, and their superiorities are verified. The results indicate that the physical meaning of generalized flutter derivatives are more explicit compared to the traditional ones. It is more convenient to understand the nonlinearity properties of self-excited aerodynamic force of bridge according to the generalized flutter derivatives graphs with the wind velocity as the horizontal coordinate.     

Direct identification of flutter derivatives and aerodynamic admittances of bridge decks

Flutter derivatives and aerodynamic admittances provide basis of predicting the critical wind speed in flutter and buffeting analysis of long-span cable-supported bridges. In this paper, one popular stochastic system identification technique, covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification (SSI in short), is first presented for estimation of the flutter derivatives and aerodynamic admittances of bridge decks from their random responses in turbulent flow. Numerical simulations of an ideal thin plate are adopted to extract these aerodynamic parameters to evaluate the applicability of the present method. Then wind tunnel tests of a streamlined thin plate model and a Π type blunt bridge section model were conducted in turbulent flow and the flutter derivatives and aerodynamic admittances are determined by the SSI technique. The identified aerodynamic parameters are compared with the theoretical ones and the results indicate the applicability of the current method.     

桥梁颤振的随机有限元分析

在众多桥梁颤振分析的实验加理论方法中，ＰＫ－Ｆ法是一种通用性很强的等效颤振分析方法。本文以１８个气动导数的桥梁颤振分析ＰＫ－Ｆ法为基础，将随机有限元法应用于随机桥梁颤振分析中，着重研究自激气动力或气动导数的随机影响，建立了桥梁颤振分析的随机有限元法──随机有限元颤振分析方法，用该方法对江阴长江大桥的随机颤振进行了分析。     

环境随机振动频域法全桥气弹模型模态识别

提出了用一个人工低风速的紊流场作为主要环境随机振动源的环境随机振动试验方法，并用该试验方法和随机振动信号频域分析方法对南京长江三桥全桥气弹模型进行了模态识别。经与有限元计算结果比较后可知，所识别的全桥气弹模型固有频率和振型结果令人满意。     

风与张拉薄膜结构的耦合作用

张拉薄膜结构具有自重轻、刚度小的特点 ,因而属于风敏感结构。作用在张拉薄膜结构上的风荷载除与气流本身的特性有关外 ,还与结构在风荷载作用下的位移、速度等有关 ,从而引起附加的气动刚度 (或附加质量 )和气动阻尼。因此 ,在研究张拉薄膜结构的风致动力效应时 ,必须考虑风与结构的耦合作用。为此 ,对张拉薄膜结构的风振研究方法进行了总结 ,主要介绍了考虑风与结构耦合作用的简化气弹力学模型方法 ,并介绍了两个简化气弹性模型试验     

超高层建筑气动弹性效应双向受迫振动风洞试验研究

通过双向受迫振动风洞试验对高347m的长沙世茂广场模型的气动弹性效应进行研究,模拟结构平面两个轴向的一阶振动,同步测量了振动模型上的表面风压和模型顶部位移。在对振动模型横风向和顺风向的气动弹性力分析基础上,识别了该模型气动阻尼比和气动刚度比,计算并分析了气动弹性效应对结构风致响应和等效风荷载的影响。分析结果表明,在100年重现期风速作用下,该模型气动阻尼比为正值,气动刚度为负,气动刚度相对于结构刚度较小,对结构自振频率影响不大。考虑气动弹性参数后,顶部最大位移响应可减小5%,最高居住层最大加速度响应可减小10%,由等效风荷载计算得到的基底总剪力和基底总弯矩减小1.1%左右。分析表明,双向受迫振动风洞试验是一种有效且有实用前景的超高建筑气动弹性参数识别方法。     

Effects of structural nonlinearity and along-span wind coherence on suspension bridge aerodynamics: Some numerical simulation results

The response of suspension bridges to wind excitation is studied by means of numerical simulations with a specifically developed finite element program implementing full structural nonlinearities. A pure time-domain load model, linearized around the average configuration, is considered. The self-excited effects are included through the indicial function formulation, whereas the buffeting is considered according to the quasi-steady model. The response under turbulent wind, both fully and partially correlated, is evaluated through a Monte Carlo approach. A simplified structural model is considered, where only two cross-sections are modeled. This allows a high reduction of the number of degrees of freedom (DoFs) but maintains many characteristics of the true bridge, precluded to the classical 2-DoF sectional-model (e.g. considering more than two modes, including structural nonlinearities, introducing along-span wind coherence). The case studies of a long-span suspension bridge and a light suspension footbridge are analyzed. It is observed that structural nonlinearities deemphasize the presence of a critical flutter wind velocity, as they limit the oscillation amplitudes. On the other hand, fully correlated flow may produce an important underestimation of the structural response.