2010年南非世界杯主办城市与赛场漫谈

4年一度的世界杯,总是能吸引全球人的目光。南非世界杯毫无疑问是2010年夏天的最大焦点,全世界的话题都集中在这项超级体育盛事上。本文主要介绍分析2010年南非世界杯的主办城市和主办赛场,并就世界杯赛场氛围及其文化延展进行探讨。     

Mega-events as a Response to Poverty Reduction: The 2010 FIFA World Cup and its Urban Development Implications

This paper reflects on the trajectory that urban development associated with the 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup has taken in South Africa. The argument suggests that a unique moment has been lost regarding the ability of the World Cup to serve as a catalyst for urban development. This notion is supported by a digest of the international literature which takes a cautious stance in its assessment of the benefits of mega-events. Hence, this paper posits that it is unlikely that poverty alleviation, as a result of fast-tracking South Africa’s urban development impetus, will constitute a significant outcome of the World Cup. Rather, development benefits in cities are likely to be fairly circumscribed. Legacy, the paper argues, should therefore advance beyond an exclusively pro-poor language. In this regard, vigorous public debate is required to arrive at a national consensus of what kind of legacy the 2010 FIFA World Cup is realistically able to achieve.

Informing a Crime Strategy for the FIFA 2010 World Cup: a Case Study for the Loftus Versfeld Stadium in Tshwane, South Africa

Of primary concern to the Local Organising Committee (LOC), and other associated 2010 FIFA World Cup partners, is the safety and security of local and international tourists attending 2010 FIFA World Cup football games in South Africa. For this purpose, place-specific stadium precinct plans are proposed per identified concentric ‘zone’ around each stadium. But what is the theoretical and informational base of this strategy? Moreover, can this strategy be sustained after the tournament or utilised in future sporting events at these stadiums? In this paper the authors argue that such a safety and security strategy should be informed by a comprehensive localised theory on crime and crime management in the country. Three important crime-related issues are investigated in this paper that we believe should form the backbone of such a strategy and associated theory: the location and propensity of crime, the location of offenders in the city, and the perceptions of local residents and users. The authors demonstrate the compilation of such an information triad with reference to the Loftus Versfeld stadium in Tshwane.     

Homing in(n) on the Economic Benefits of 2010 FIFA World Cup: Opportunities for and Misgivings of Bed-and-Breakfast Operators in Gauteng, South Africa

This study examines the perceived potential benefits of the 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup Football Tournament for bed-and-breakfast (B&B) establishments—an integral part of the tourism accommodation sector in South Africa. From responses to a questionnaire sent to a sample of B&B proprietors in Gauteng, the major centre for the tournament, it is clear that they have serious reservations. The basis for their misgivings appears to be the manner in which FIFA has managed accommodation–provision agreements and the role played by South African government agencies, the Local Organising Committee and the tourism sector.     

(Re-)creating Urban Destination Image: Opinions of Foreign Visitors to South Africa on Safety and Security?

The intention of tourists to visit urban destinations is influenced by their perceptions or their knowledge of that destination. Risk perceptions, although situation specific, have an impact on travel behaviour. Mega events are once-off occasions in which a negative perception of destination, in this case related to crime, can be turned into a positive image. Can the 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup (WC) help South Africa undo the current perceptions and opinions, especially among foreign visitors, that our cities are dangerous places to visit? Can South Africa manage the 2010 WC in such a way that the destination image can be changed to a more positive one? It is within the context of speculating about the potential impacts the event may have in 2010 on reshaping internationally (and nationally) the safety and security image that visitors have of South African cities as crime ridden that this paper aims mainly to investigate international visitors’ perceptions and opinions on safety and security. Nine hundred and seven international visitors were interviewed when exiting the country at the OR Tambo and Cape Town International airports. The findings revealed that more than a third of the respondents indicated that they were worried about their safety before travelling to South Africa, that the central business districts of Cape Town and Johannesburg are the most feared places they visited and 6% of the respondents were victims of crime. Perceptions, however, changed for the better after their visit to the country, and it is against this background that the 2010 WC can potentially show the world that the country is a safe destination to visit and in the process re-create the destination’s image as a safe tourist experience.     

世界杯开幕式与揭幕战主办城市策略浅析——中国2018年世界杯规划战略研究系列（四）

世界杯开幕式与揭幕战是每届世界杯最重要的一个环节,其主办城市和主办赛场将成为全球瞩目的焦点。本文通过对世界杯开幕式和揭幕战的主办城市和赛场进行研究,给将来中国举办世界杯开幕式与揭幕战主办城市的规划设计提供借鉴作用。     

2006年德国世界杯对中国城市的影响——中国2018年世界杯规划战略研究系列（五）

2006年德国世界杯虽然在距离中国万里之外举行,但它仍然在中国掀起了一股世界杯热潮，本文针对媒体。经济文化、生活和空间等方面。探讨2006年德国世界杯对中国城市形态产生的影响。     

通向2010年南非开普敦足球世界杯： Mouille Point步行道和滨海区学生设计竞赛

2010年世界杯将在南非开普敦召开,为迎接这一足球盛典,开普敦当地政府开展一系列的竞赛活动,以集思广益,改善当地环境,2010年Mouille Point散步道和海滩区改造学生竞赛便是其一。Mouille Point大道和海滩区是开普敦最大的城市空间——绿点城市公园的组成部分。城市公园将成为新世界杯体育场的背景。为此Mouille Point大道和海滩区改造意义重大。来自开普敦大学（UCT）的硕士生斯科特·马森和开普半岛科技大学（CPUT）设计系学生马里可·菲克在本次竞赛中脱颖而出,荣获嘉奖。本刊邀请斯科特·马森撰文,与广大读者分享他的设计心得。     

大型体育赛事的环境可持续策略新趋势—2006年德国世界杯“绿色目标”计划

简要回顾了大型体育赛事的环境可持续策略发展历程，指出9006年德国世界杯的经验对未来奥运会的参考价值；介绍了德国世界杯“绿色目标”的定义、环境目标以及具体实施策略和措施；积极评价这一计划全面应对、评估和控制大型体育赛事组织在生态和环境可持续方面的影响；分析了“绿色目标”所体现出的大型体育赛事环境可持续策略新趋势，以及对今后同类型大型体育赛事组织的借鉴作用。     

足球世界杯竞技场发展趋势初探——中国2018年世界杯规划战略研究系列（一）

本文回顾了足球世界杯竞技场的发展历史,对近几届世界杯赛场进行比较研究,探讨足球世界杯竞技场的发展趋势。     

FIFA世界杯足球场建筑设计浅析

本文简要地阐述了世界杯足球赛场设计的主要技术内容及2007女足世界杯上海赛场的改建,并结合笔者的多年设计实践进行了简要评析,以供设计同行参考。     

中国大型足球赛场现状及发展探究——中国2018年世界杯规划战略研究系列（二）

对中国男子足球超级联赛、2004年亚洲杯、2007年女足世界杯、2008年奥运足球赛等重大足球赛事中的赛场现状进行分析,探讨其发展趋势,并对中国申办2018年世界杯的赛场潜在可能性进行分析。     

1998年法国世界杯赛场

本文围绕１９９８年法国世界杯足球赛中１０个主赛场的建设，从设计理念，设计原则，设计方案，技术措施，设备更新等多个方面进行了广泛而深入的分析，主要包括三大部分：１．一个崭新球场和九个改建球场，２．１０个主赛场的评析；３．技术和建筑方案。     

Innovative Entwurfskonzepte für den ökologischen Betrieb von Fußballarenen am Beispiel der AWD‐Arena in Hannover

Innovative design concepts for sustainable operation of sokker stadia. Football has always been an outdoor game, played on natural lawn. Currently this sport is changing due to economical pressure. Spectators demand to sit close to the field while being protected from rain. Consequently, stadia are being converted into specialized narrow soccer arenas allowing less sunlight to enter. Some football stadia meanwhile are giant sporthalls with closed roofs. One remaining aspect of the original sport, the natural lawn has difficulties to survive in the new arenas, thus the sport is desperately in need of new innovative stadia concepts. The AWD‐Arena in Hannover, designed according to ecological standards supported by the FIFA green goal programme, offers a new and highly sustainable and highly economical strategy. Its most seminal feature is a roof with a high UV‐Light transmission, allowing the natural lawn to survive in the narrow arena, thus avoiding the multiple exchange of the lawn.Compared to other highly technological attempts tried in other stadia, the concept is extremly cost efficient and an answer to today's demands for sustainablity.     

The “Bigger Picture”: How the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the 2014 World Design Capital Events Conditioned Cape Town’s Urban Transformation

This paper explores how the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the 2014 World Design Capital events feed into the disjunctive experience of time in Cape Town. It demonstrates, via a timeline, how a set of contemporary global discourses around soccer and design comes to rest in this very particular local context, as well as the effects that these discourses have. I argue that these discourses transform Cape Town into a global city oriented towards the future. I also argue, though, that they contribute to a state of amnesia. I address how this amnesia reinforces the imprint of colonial modernity on the landscape of the Cape, with its associated historical and contemporary violence, and its effect on cultural production, identities and agency.     

工体、虹口、天河三大体育场改建浅谈——中国世界杯规划战略研究系列(九)

作为中国5座重点城市之三,北京、上海、广州将是未来中国申办世界杯的主办城市热门候选,本文以北京工人体育场、上海虹口足球场和广州天河体育场作为案例,分析其为承办国际足球赛事而进行改建的经验,探讨中国未来通过改建现有体育场满足世界杯赛场需求的潜力。     

Sport Stadia, Sporting Events and Urban Development: International Experience and the Ambitions of Durban

The paper considers the stadium construction and infrastructure projects underway for World Cup 2010. We ask whether and under which conditions hosting such an event (along with the new facilities and infrastructural development required) will have positive effects on urban development. By analysing the stadium project in Durban, the paper also presents evidence on whether such positive effects may be enhanced by the attempt to create an image effect by seeking outstanding architectural quality of the new stadia.

Sequential location in a discrete directional market with three or more players

This paper expands Lai’s (Reg Sci Urban Econ 31:535–546, 2001) directional market analysis to a three-player game and endogenizes a restricted assumption of Lai (Reg Sci Urban Econ 31:535–546, 2001) through the test of a validated equilibrium introduced by Spagat (Math Soc Sci 24:49–57, 1992) and the use of lexicographic preference relation players (with payoff ranking a secondary consideration after the game’s payoff). There are multiple equilibrium outcomes, and any player may take advantage in this game due to the indifference problem of the players. However, if we utilize the validated equilibrium refinement, then the results present that the later the players enter a directional market, the greater the benefits they receive. If a player’s preference relation is lexicographic ordering, then we obtain results identical to the validated equilibrium outcomes. This paper ends with an extension of a general number of players.     

韩国大型活动的消防安全对策讨论

对韩国1988年汉城奥运会和2002年世界杯足球赛、釜山APEC会议等大型活动的消防安全进行了考察,并对有关消防安全对策进行了讨论.     

Ein Stadiondach schwebt nach oben – Ergänzungs‐ und Umbauarbeiten am Stadion Kaiserslautern

A stadium floats up: expansion and renovation of the Kaiserslautern stadium. To ensure compliance with the requirements of FIFA for the 2006 Football World Cup, the stadium at Betzenberg in Kaiserslautern required quantitative expansion and qualitative improvement. The necessary work covered almost the whole of the stadium and included the South, West and North stands and the two corner sections next to the North stand. In order to be able to handle this job on the structural components during an on‐going season, a range of logistical and constructional issues needed resolving. Prior to each match, for example, the stadium had to be readied such that spectators could enjoy their match visits without risks to their safety. A special challenge proved to be the lifting of the existing South stand roof. With the raising solution chosen, the matches could continue unhindered and the system forces transferred in a controlled manner.