我国推行PFI制度的核心问题

本文从制度经济学的角度研究了PFI在我国的推广和应用问题,提出了我国推行PFI的制度的核心问题,探讨了构建科学的组织模式、推行灵活的运作机制和建设完善的保障体系的基本方案和构思,为我国的PFI事业的发展提供指导和借鉴。     

公共项目PFI模式合同管理的研究

PFI（Private Finance Initiatives以下简称PFI）是目前国际上基础设施开发的一种重要模式,但由于PFI模式的项目投资庞大,同时项目涉及的主体较多,因而某合同异常复杂。作者认为,PFI模式在中国具有广阔的应用空间,对PFI模式合同特点、合同管理等内容进行研究,于在我国推广PFI模式具有参考意义。本文在分析PFI模式的概念、合同特点的基础上,分别对PFI合同管理的条件、合同管理的原则、合同管理的环填,以及合同管理各阶段的内容等方面进行了研究。     

日本PFI事业发展及政府管制问题研究

从20世纪90年代初开始,日本经济陷入了长期低迷的状况,财政日益艰难,基础设施投资明显不足;同时,第三方机构的经营失败,迫使日本政府探讨新的基础设施组织形式和经营方式,在这一背景下,日本政府开始积极推进PFI事业的发展.在不足10年的时间内,日本PFI事业日益发展壮大,并且形成了由事业推进、资金支持、事业监督、专业咨询四个方面组成的规范的管理体制.研究日本PFI事业的发展历程及管理体制,可以为我国引导、促进和规范PFI事业发展提供指导和借鉴.     

基础设施项目开发的PFI模式的探讨

主要介绍了PFI模式的概念、分类以及优点,分析了我国基础设施项目开发引进PFI模式的可行性,并且针对我国的现状提出了引进PFI模式需要解决的几个问题,以促进PFI模式的发展,从而促进我国基础设施建设的发展。     

民间主动融资（PFI）在我国既有建筑改造中的应用

民间主动融资（PFI）是近年来各国积极探索和利用的项目融资模式。运用SWOT分析法．系统分析了我国既有建筑改造推行PFI融资模式所具有的优势和劣势、所面临的机会和威胁。根据不同类型的既有建筑,就PFI运作体系、运作原理、不同运作机制的特点等进行探讨,就推进PFI模式在我国既有建筑改造中的应用提出发展对策。     

浅谈如何选择PPP项目咨询机构

目前,全国各地的PPP(Public—Private—Partnership,政府和社会资本合作模式)项目正如火如荼地开展,各地纷纷推出了PPP项目库或者PPP项目推介会,本文就此内容进行了分析与探讨。     

市政道路PPP项目运营管理的探讨

为保证PPP(Public Private Partnership)项目在运营阶段顺利开展相关工作,提升PPP项目投资效益,合理规避PPP项目运营管理风险,从运营管理体系、运营成本测算、风险管控等运营各个方面阐述PPP项目运行管理相关内容。     

杂志世界

<正>特辑:羽田出发——民间活动新时代道路和机场等对民众来说是必要的公共基础设施,而对自治体和国家来说,却往往构成财政的难题。PFI(Private Finance Initiative)利用民间的资金和智慧,致力于推动公共基础设施的整治,突破已有的体制局限进行灵活的空间利用。本特辑选取其中两个事例进行介绍。     

从灾后经营性基础设施重建探讨PPP模式的应用

简要介绍了PPP（Public Private Partnerships）模式的含义、提出背景、优点、项目组织结构及其在国外的应用现状,并对其在中国参与经营性基础设施建设的前景以及应用中应注意的事项作简要探讨,以推广该模式的应用。     

我国污水处理产业的社会化融资模式探析

介绍了我国污水处理产业社会化融资模式的现状,并对几种创新模式(PFI、ABS、PPP)进行了探讨,最后就建立社会化融资机制提出了建议。     

Critical success factors for PPP/PFI projects in the UK construction industry

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly used in the United Kingdom's public facilities and services provision through the Private Finance Initiative (PFI). Despite some casualties, PPP/PFI projects have been undertaken successfully, but the reasons for success are not entirely clear. Questionnaire survey research examined the relative importance of 18 potential critical success factors (CSF) for PPP/PFI construction projects in the UK. The results show that the three most important factors are: ‘a strong and good private consortium’, ‘appropriate risk allocation’ and ‘available financial market’. Factor analysis revealed that appropriate factor groupings for the 18 CSFs are: effective procurement, project implementability, government guarantee, favourable economic conditions and available financial market. These findings should influence policy development towards PPPs and the manner in which partners go about the development of PFI projects.     

Comparative performance of healthcare and transport PFI projects: Empirical study on the influence of key factors

Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has been used on many projects in the UK in the delivery of public services. Cost, time and risk performance in public projects was anticipated to be improved by the superior skills of the private sector. So far, there are limited empirical studies on the life cycle performance of PFI projects, especially performance comparison between different sectors. This study investigated and compared variations in costs, time, and client requirements tracking it through the strategic business case stage to the operational phase in healthcare and transport sectors. It explored the influence of sector-specific factors, project size and maturity of the PFI on these variations. It used documentary analysis of full business cases of five PFI projects and a questionnaire survey of 44 PFI projects in the UK. The findings reveal that there are still considerable cost and time overruns and requirement changes in PFI projects in both sectors over the development of the project and its early use. The health sector was better than the transport sector for time overruns but was worse on costs. Smaller-value projects outperformed larger projects on cost variations but underperformed on time.     

项目融资BOT与PFI模式的比较

BOT和PFI都是项目融资中的典型模式,都属于PPP模式的范畴.在我国,BOT模式首先被引入,对我国城市基础设施建设和国民经济发展起到了重要的作用.近些年PFI模式以及PPP模式也逐渐被引入.本文将从产生背景、概念界定、应用领域、运作程序上对BOT和PFI两种模式进行分析比较,以期更好地认识和应用这两种融资模式,为我国的基础设施建设做出更大贡献.     

Achieving best value in private finance initiative project procurement

The wherewithal of achieving best value in private finance initiative (PFI) projects and the associated problems therein are documented. In the UK, PFI has offered a solution to the problem of securing necessary investment at a time of severe public expenditure restraint. In PFI schemes, the public sector clients must secure value for money, while the private sector service providers must genuinely assume responsibility for project risks. A broad‐based investigation into PFI risk management informs the discussion in this paper. It is based on 68 interviews with PFI participants and a case study of eight PFI projects. The research participants comprised of contractors, financial institutions, public sector clients, consultants and facilities management organizations. The qualitative software Atlas.ti was used to analyse the textual data generated. The analysis showed that the achievement of best value requirements through PFI should hinge on: detailed risk analysis and appropriate risk allocation, drive for faster project completion, curtailment in project cost escalation, encouragement of innovation in project development, and maintenance cost being adequately accounted for. Factors that continue to challenge the achievement of best value are: high cost of the PFI procurement process, lengthy and complex negotiations, difficulty in specifying the quality of service, pricing of facility management services, potential conflicts of interests among those involved in the procurement, and the public sector clients' inability to manage consultants.     

Implementation constraints in social enterprise and community Public Private Partnerships

Public Private Partnership (PPP) employs private sector expertise and skill to provide public goods and services. We examine three community PPP projects to identify critical success factors of the project outcomes. Two conclusions particularly stand out: first, the project must be aligned with both the public and private parties' business and service plans, and second, appropriate management structures and procedures must be established for obtaining this alignment. The latter effect recognizes the need to implement appropriate project governance practices including management discipline and expertise. We investigate these ideas further and present specific guidelines for PPP project design and implementation.     

Monte Carlo simulation approach to life cycle cost management

Public private partnerships (PPP) and private financial initiative (PFI) projects face the challenge of meeting unforeseen future risks. Life cycle cost estimate is a crucial part of PFI/PPP procurement. The traditional deterministic cost model can not take into consideration the uncertainty of future events let alone determine the contingency allowance for the projects. The large number of cost items in the life cycle cost model of building projects makes cost control difficult. Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to the Quantitative Risk Assessment of life cycle costing risk management. A PFI school project was chosen as a case study to demonstrate a new simulation approach to life cycle cost management. The lives and replacement cost rates of building elements are the inputs for the simulation model, while the cumulative life cycle cost are the outputs of the analysis. The sensitivity analysis revealed the cost significant items, which provides the most efficient way for cost control. The results of the analysis identify the high risk life cycle assumptions and provide a variation reference for the decision-makers to define risk and contingency allowance in PFI/PPP projects. The approach can also be applied to other types of building PFI projects.     

Alternative approach to credit scoring by DEA: Evaluating borrowers with respect to PFI projects

Private finance initiative (PFI), as a form of public/private partnership (PPP), helps to contract the private sector to governmental projects. In contrast to traditional public financed projects, PFI projects are procured by allowing a private sector entity to take the responsibility to design, build, finance, and operate (DBFO) an asset for a contract period of up to several decades. Moreover, banks are perceived to take the leading role in financing PFI projects. Since project financing involves credit assessment of loan applicants, banks have employed popular credit scoring models to assess their creditworthiness. Although the existing models are useful for credit scoring, new models have to emerge in response to ever-changing business practices. This paper therefore aims at introducing the application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) as an alternative credit-scoring model. Unlike traditional credit-scoring building on a formula where weights to a set of criteria are assigned subjectively, DEA will automatically generate the relative weights for analysis. However, incorporating DEA demands additional considerations, which are discussed in this paper. Finally, examples are demonstrated for illustrating this alterative approach to credit scoring by DEA.     

PPP模式在我国城市轨道交通中的经济风险因素分析——以北京地铁四号线为例

PPP模式是利用民营资本,建设公益设施的融资新渠道。城市轨道作为一项准公共产品,具有其独特的经济属性和经济特征,投资规模巨大,同时又具有较强的公益性。如何权衡和分配政府、私营企业和民众三方的利益成为问题的关键所在,项目的经济风险因素分析是在确保项目投资效益基础上的有利探讨。本文在探讨城市轨道交通存在的经济风险之后,以北京地铁四号线为例,详细分析了PPP模式在城市轨道交通中的经济风险因素,以达到"三赢"的目的。     

三维视角下 PPP 项目关键成功因素研究

政府和社会资本合作（PPP）模式目前在我国已经全面实施,对于提高公共产品服务质量和供给效率具有十分重要的意义。为保证各方参与主体利益,科学合理地确定影响 PPP 项目关键成功因素更有利于项目的成功实施。借助已有文献研究成果和典型案例的启示,对影响 PPP 项目的关键成功因素进行分析。通过建立灰色关联分析模型在所列举的 30 个关键因素清单中分 3 个维度提取并分析了 9 个关键成功因素,即建设运营管理经验与水平、合作体融资方式的创新、采购中透明度和竞争性、公私部门之间权利与义务、风险共享与分担、高效的公共机构、公众支持、合适的法律框架和完善的政策。     

PPP合同法律环境分析

PPP模式作为新型公私合作制在以往的公建项目中的成功运用必将在以后的我国公建项目中得到长足的发展,但作为PPP项目成功运作基石的法律目前在我国还很欠缺。因此,有针对性的对PPP合同性质、合同主体及彼此关系、PPP项目的立法现状等进行分析,并为推动PPP模式的发展所需的法律提供建设性的意见。