软弱夹层场地高层框架结构地震输入及地震响应分析

高层结构地震输入的合理性对结构抗震设计及地震反应产生重要影响。本文以一典型高层框架结构及其所处场地为参考,建立有软弱夹层场地模型及具有同一卓越周期均匀场地模型,研究该软夹层基础对结构地震输入的影响。由于软弱夹层的存在本文采用了有别于传统的分段等效线性化方法预测地震输入,并与传统的等效线性化方法预测的地震输入对比,研究两种等效线性模型地震输入的差异及软弱夹层存在对地震输入的影响。进一步基于预测地震动分别计算了有无软弱夹层存在下该典型高层框架结构反应,研究软弱夹层存在对结构地震反应的影响。本文结果显示虽然软弱夹层存在会使结构地震动输入时程峰值变低,但结构反应却加剧。分段等效线性化输入模型的地震动加速度峰值普遍大于传统等效线性化模型,但传统等效线性方法预测的地震动计算所得的结构反应更加剧烈。     

地震动摆动分量对高层建筑结构的影响

地震时地面运动是复杂的多维运动,它对结构及其构件的作用是空间的,因此建筑结构在地震动作用下是复杂的空间振动。地震动对结构的动力作用不仅产生三个平动分量的作用,也产生三个转动分量的作用。目前超限高层建筑结构的设计已逐渐开始考虑地震动转动分量的影响,但多针对扭转分量,对摆动分量研究较少。以上海中心大厦为典型,建立超高层结构的三维有限元模型。通过基岩地震波输入下的场地地震反应分析获得结构底部地震动输入的水平分量和摆动分量。运用一致输入的方法输入地震动水平分量,运用多点激励的方法输入地震动摆动分量,分别计算地震动水平输入与摆动输入时结构的地震反应,通过比较结构在这两种输入时的地震反应,探讨地震动摆动分量对高层建筑结构的影响。     

考虑场地条件的高层建筑长周期地震反应特征分析

长周期地震动与长周期结构的地震反应是近年工程中研究的热点。本文首先选取了一个典型的含有软弱夹层的II类场地模型,分别输入普通与长周期的基岩记录,计算场地表面地震动及反应谱,并与标准Ⅱ类场地反应谱进行了对比,研究这类场地条件对长周期地震动的影响。再以某一典型长周期高层框架-核心筒结构为背景,分别以这三种地震动作为结构输入,采用SAP2000有限元分析软件,进行结构地震反应分析。研究结果表明:软弱夹层场地减弱了输入的普通地震波加速度峰值,但对其作用下的长周期建筑结构存在不利影响;此外,软弱夹层场地放大了长周期地震动的长周期成分,与上部结构发生共振,使得上部结构的地震反应剧烈。     

球形储罐地震响应影响因素分析

为研究场地条件、球罐储液量、地震动输入方向对球罐地震响应的影响,文中以工程中常见的1000m3球形储罐为背景,用ANSYS中的APDL编程命令流,建立球罐的有限元模型,对不同场地条件的球罐进行了非线性时程分析。将球罐的储液量分为空罐、半罐以及满罐3种状态,分析了因储液量改变引起的球罐频率改变对地震响应的影响。此外对球罐结构变换不同的地震动输入方向,分析了地震动输入方向对球罐地震响应的影响。研究结果表明,第Ⅳ类场地的球罐各项地震响应最大,Ⅲ类场地次之;同时球罐的地震响应与储液量正相关;而地震动输入方向的改变对球罐结构的地震反应基本无影响。     

高层建筑土-结构相互作用地震反应分析简化评估方法

选择不同高度、不同结构类型和不同场地条件的位于厚和深厚地基土层上的10栋典型钢筋混凝土高层建筑,通过考虑土-结构相互作用对高层建筑地震反应影响的分析,在地震动输入、自振特性、相互作用影响因数、体系地震反应等方面得到了一些具有实用价值的关系式,在此基础上,给出了一种以结构与土层第一周期系数αT为指标的高层建筑土-结构相互作用地震反应分析简化评估方法。该方法无需进行复杂又费时的高层建筑土-结构相互作用分析,仅利用简单省时的结构和土层反应分析结果,就可估计出高层建筑土-结构相互作用体系的反应,可用于高层建筑考虑土-结构相互作用地震反应的初步估计。     

剑阁县新城区设计地震动参数确定

基于四川剑阁县新城区10个工程场地地震反应钻孔资料,在地震危险性分析的基础上,利用目前工程上广泛应用的场地地震反应分析的一维等效线性化波动方法,计算了工程场地在三种不同强度地震动输入下的地表峰值加速度,给出了设计地震动参数,为该地区抗震设计、防震减灾规划和城市土地利用规划提供了依据.     

不同震源机制的近断层脉冲型地震动频谱特性及强度指标研究

将不同场地类别和震源机制上的118条近断层地震记录进行分类,基于基础隔震结构的双自由度体系简化模型,利用状态空间法及四阶龙格-库塔法对结构的弹塑性反应谱进行求解,研究了场地类别和震源机制对反应谱频谱特性的影响。通过分析近断层地震记录的3个强度指标与基础隔震结构最大弹塑性响应的相关性,探讨了基础隔震结构地震反应分析时强度指标的选取问题。结果表明,三种场地类别条件中,速度反应谱规律不明显,但逆断层地震动的平均加速度反应谱和逆斜断层地震动的平均位移反应谱均最大。场地类别和震源机制不同,地震动强度指标与结构响应的相关程度不同。因此在进行近断层脉冲型地震动作用下基础隔震结构地震反应分析时,建议考虑结构所在场地及地震动的震源机制后采用不同地震动强度指标来选择和调整地震动输入。     

近场强震作用下上海地区百米高层建筑地震动反应分析

首先,依据汶川地震中不同震中距基岩地震波记录,选取假设上海近场发生M8.0级强震时的基岩地震波.然后,对上海某百米高层建筑场地进行深覆盖土层地震反应分析,获得该场地在近场强震时的地表波.最后,以此百米高层建筑为例,分析该结构在此地表波作用下的地震动反应特点,从而评估近场强震对上海高层建筑的影响.分析结果表明:结构在双向地震动作用下的反应与单向地震动作用下的反应有明显不同.其中,地震动垂直分量对结构顶层节点竖向反应放大作用显著;地震动水平分量对结构顶层节点三个方向反应都有放大效应;地震动水平分量对结构层间位移角起决定性作用;地震动水平分量对结构底层角柱内力的影响大于地震动垂直分量对其的影响.     

喀什国际免税广场设计地震动参数的确定

根据地震危险性概率分析结果,以基岩加速度反应谱和峰值加速度为目标,用数值模拟的方法合成基岩地震动时程,作为基岩地震动输入波,并根据场地土层结构、土动力学参数建立场地地震反应分析模型,对各模型进行地震反应分析计算,得到的地表地震动参数满足设计要求。     

不同土介质模型对相互作用体系地震反应的影响分析

土的动力计算模型及其参数的确定是土-结构动力相互作用分析的一个重要内容.利用有限元方法建立场地自由场和土-结构相互作用分析模型,分别采用线弹性模型、等效线性模型和Drucker-Prager理想弹塑性模拟地基土,探讨了不同强度地震动作用下Drucker-Prager模型的适用性问题,分析了不同土介质模型对土-结构相互作用体系地震反应的影响.结果表明,在场地非线性地震反应分析中,只有当输入加速度峰值在80～100 gal时,Drucker-Prager模型与等效线性模型计算结果是接近的,考虑土-结构相互作用后,两种模型计算所得的承台加速度和结构顶层加速度误差分别在8%和10%左右.因此,工程应用中应关注土介质模型的选用.     

Seismic ground motion analysis of Shanghai Pudong Airport site considering the effects of spatial correlation and irregular topography

The terminal No. II of Shanghai Pudong International Airport is located at Pudong District of Shanghai City near shore of East China Sea, and the area of the long-span terminal is 400 m × 200 m. The construction site of the terminal locates on the irregular topography, and its alluvium achieves about 300 m in thickness. The spatial correlation of seismic ground motion, as well as the amplification of soft alluvium and the effect of irregular topography, should be considered. This paper uses a simplified method to obtain the response spectrum of the engineering bedrock under the irregular topography. The spectrum is used to generate the sets of spatially correlative horizontal and vertical seismic motions. The surface ground motion was calculated under incidence of the spatially correlative seismic motion by 2D finite element method (FEM) model considering nonlinear properties of the soil by means of the equivalent linear method. In order to compare the effect of 2D irregular topography, the seismic response analysis of 1D model is carried out by using the equivalent linear method. For indicating the effect of the spatial correlation of input motions, the horizontal uniform inputs, as well as the horizontal and vertical uniform input are carried out for the seismic response analysis of the site. Finally, some characteristics of seismic ground motion calculated for previously mentioned cases are compared.     

多维多点地震动激励下折线型输电塔线体系反应分析

本文通过数值分析研究多维多点地震对折线型输电塔线体系地震反应的影响。根据实际工程建立折线型输电塔线体系三维有限元模型,依据功率谱密度函数、折线型相干函数和《电力设施抗震设计规范》模拟多维多点地震动时程。分别研究空间变化地震动的行波效应、部分相干效应和局部场地效应对折线型输电塔线体系地震反应的影响。研究结果表明,多维多点地震动对折线型输电塔线体系地震反应影响显著;与一致激励相比,考虑多维多点地震动增大了结构的地震反应,传统的一致地震输入将会低估结构的反应。因此对于折线型输电线路实际工程的抗震设计,需要考虑多维多点地震动的影响。     

盆地场地远场长周期地震动输入的确定

盆地场地的长周期结构在远场长周期地震动作用下震害明显,目前国内设计规范尚未将低幅值的远场长周期地震动记录纳入统计范围。研究盆地场地远场长周期地震动输入方法,可用于国内盆地建筑的抗震补充验算。文中针对日本沉积盆地台站地震动记录数据进行统计,拟合出盆地效应与沉积层厚度的关系曲线。结合国内板壳内地震下的基岩地震动衰减关系、盆地效应与沉积层厚度关系曲线以及局部工程场地放大作用,给出适用于国内的盆地场地远场长周期地震动输入方法。基于渭河盆地内的西安市区以及周边地震环境,进行了远场长周期地震动输入方法的案例分析。分析结果表明：盆地效应对加速度反应谱的放大作用和对地震波到达时刻的影响,均随盆地沉积层厚度的增加而变得更显著。文中方法综合考虑了震源分布、震级、震中距、盆地效应和局部工程场地的影响,可用于估计国内盆地场地远场长周期地震动加速度反应谱及其地震动时程,其模拟的加速度反应谱与地震动时程符合实际远场长周期地震动记录的特征。     

大跨网壳结构非一致激励竖向地震响应分析

考虑大跨结构的地震响应随地震动空间变化的特性,研究非一致激励下大跨结构的运动方程,运用虚拟激励法的原理对非一致激励下的大跨网壳结构的地震响应进行分析,在ANSYS软件中将非一致激励考虑为静力计算和谐响应计算。通过对平面直径为80 m的单层球面网壳结构的算例分析,得到了竖向地震作用下网壳结构的地震响应变化规律,并与一致激...     

Dynamic characteristics and seismic response of frame–core tube structures,considering soil–structure interactions

In order to study the dynamic characteristics and seismic response of high‐rise buildings with a frame–core tube structure, while considering the effect of soil–structure interactions (SSIs), a series of shaking table tests were conducted on test models with two foundation types: fixed‐base (FB), in which the superstructure was directly affixed to the shaking table, and SSI, consisting of a superstructure, pile foundation, and soil. To increase the applicability of the model to the dynamic characteristics of real‐world tall buildings, the superstructure of test models was built at a scale of 1/50. This simulated a 41‐floor high‐rise building with a frame–core tube structure. The mode shape, natural frequency, damping ratio, acceleration and displacement response, story shear, and dynamic strain were determined in each of the test models under the excitation of simulated minor, moderate, and large earthquakes. The SSI effect on frame–core tubes was analyzed by comparing the results of the two test models. The results show that the dynamic characteristics and seismic response of the two systems were significantly different. Finally, these results were verified by performing a numerical analysis on the differences in the seismic responses of the FB and SSI numerical models under various simulated seismic conditions.     

Seismic fragility relationships of reinforced concrete high‐rise buildings

A complete methodology is presented for the seismic fragility assessment of reinforced concrete high‐rise buildings. The key steps of the methodology are illustrated through an example of the fragility assessment of an existing 54‐story building with a dual core wall system. The set of rigorously derived probabilistic fragilities are the first published for high‐rise reinforced concrete buildings. The inelastic nonlinear dynamic analyses for the fragility assessments are made using a simplified lumped‐parameter model that was derived from highly detailed FE models using genetic algorithms. New definitions for performance limit states were based on the results of detailed pushover analyses of a distributed inelastic nonlinear finite element model that includes shear–flexure–axial interaction effects. To develop the fragility relationships, 1800 dynamic response history analyses were conducted. This study considered uncertainty in structural material values as well as in seismic demand. Thirty strong motion records were selected for use in the analyses that would produce an appropriate range in structural response characteristics due to variation in magnitude, distance and site condition. The overall approach is generic and can be applied to developing computationally efficient and probabilistically‐based seismic fragility relationships for reinforced concrete high‐rise buildings of different configurations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic performance of high‐rise building with a rock‐slip isolation system with cables

To avoid the overturning hazard of high‐rise buildings with traditional isolation technology, a rock‐slip structure with cables (RSSC) was proposed to improve their seismic performance. The mechanical model was established, and the motion behaviour equation of the RSSC was derived. Shake‐table tests of the RSSC were performed, and the results were compared with the corresponding finite‐element model simulations. The influences of key structural parameters and earthquake motion characteristics were analysed. The study results showed that the RSSC could effectively reduce the internal seismic force response and interlayer deformation under a severe earthquake, as well as decrease the overturning probability. The seismic reduction effect was influenced by the prestressed force, the aspect ratio of the structure, and the friction coefficient between the superstructure and foundation as well as seismic site type. The motion equation derived in this paper can be used to theoretically predict the motion behaviour of RSSC.     

土与结构相互作用地震反应研究及实用计算

本文概述了土与结构相互作用地震反应研究的基本情况和地基阻抗的计算原则,给出了土与结构相互作用体系的运动方程。通过十三幢房屋分别座落在十一组地基上,八条地震波的计算分析,研究了不同地基对不同类型高层钢筋混凝土结构地震反应的影响,给出了考虑相互作用后结构周期、结构位移、地震荷载的变化规律及变化范围。这些结论对于处理实际工程中的相互作用问题和在抗震设计规范中增加土与结构相互作用方面的内容,均有参考价值。     

地震分析中的人工边界及其在LS-DYNA中的实现

 地震分析中的局部人工边界由于具有易于实现、稳定性较好的特点,目前在时域有限元法中得到广泛应用。基于球坐标系的膨胀波(P波)和剪切波(S波)理论,引入无限介质线弹性本构关系,并采用多个平面子波和远场散射波混合透射,推导一种新的三维黏弹性人工边界方程。在有限元分析中采用边界单元作等效处理,并将地震加速度记录转化为基底边界单元上的等效节点力进行输入,建立一种新的地震反应数值模拟技术。最后以人防工程结构的地震分析为例,利用有限元软件LS-DYNA分析弹性边界、透射边界及黏弹性边界对计算结果的影响。数值模拟表明,黏弹性人工边界简单实用,可解决地震动输入和自由场响应模拟问题,能更好地模拟人工边界外半无限介质的弹性恢复性能和能量辐射作用,并验证其有效性。     

A simplified model for analysis of high‐rise buildings equipped with hysteresis damped outriggers

A simplified model is developed to estimate the seismic response of high‐rise buildings equipped with hysteresis damped outriggers. In the simplified model, the core tube is considered as a cantilever beam, and the effects of outriggers on the core tube are considered as concentrated moments. Modal decomposition method is adopted to obtain the seismic response of the simplified model. To investigate the accuracy and effectiveness of the simplified model, a high‐rise building with a height of 160 m was adopted as the example structure, and its response subjected to a ground motion was analyzed using the simplified model. A corresponding finite element model was built and analyzed by a finite element program called SAP2000 (Computers and Structures, Inc. Berkeley, California, United States). The analysis results obtained from the two models were compared. To consider the randomness of the ground motion, comparisons between the two models were further conducted using another 22 ground motions. It is found that the analysis results obtained from the simplified model agree well with those obtained from the finite element model, and the computation time used for the simplified model is almost negligible compared to that used for the finite element model. Such observations demonstrate that the simplified model is accurate and effective. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.