何谓循环经济

<正>循环经济,是指以资源高效利用和循环利用为目标,以"减量化、再利用、资源化"为原则,以物质闭路循环和能量梯次使用为特征,按照自然生态系统物质循环和能量流动方式运行的经济模式。     

农村水电站更新改造行业管理机制体系的研究

通过调研对行业管理实践进行了总结,采用经济机制设计理论对实践中的方法进行理论化和系统化提升,形成针对浙江省农村水电站更新改造的行业管理运作机制体系.结果表明,以机构和职能能力建设为基础、以安全生产管理机制为核心、以项目建设管理机制为监督、以行业协会管理机制为协调、结合国情和省情的该体系具有实际可操作性,是农村水电站更新改造领域中的创新.     

积极发展循环经济加快推进石羊河流域综合治理

近年来,面对石羊河流域水资源紧缺、资源环境问题突出、节能减排形势严峻等现实情况,我市坚持以科学发展观为指导,以石羊河流域综合治理为主线,以节水、节地、节能和资源综合利用为核心,以推进全省循环经济试点城市和国家循环经济示范市创建工作为契机,积极创新发展理念,转变发展方式,加快发展循环经济,加大节能减排工作力度,努力构建资源节约型和环境友好型社会,循环经济发展取得积极进展和初步成效。     

恒温热源不可逆闭式中冷回热燃气轮机循环的生态学优化

考虑循环过程的内外不可逆性,以生态学函数为目标,优化了总压比和中间压比分配,分析了高低温侧换热器、中冷器和回热器的性能参数对最大生态学函数及其参数的影响,并与以功率为优化目标时的循环性能进行了比较.结果表明:以生态学函数为优化目标时比以功率为优化目标时具有更高的效率,但功率相差不太多,反映了输出功率和效率间的最佳匹配.     

基于海底黑烟囱的海洋温差发电热力循环系统研究

与传统的海洋温差发电系统不同,海底黑烟囱海洋温差发电系统是以海洋地热为热源,以深海冷水为冷源的发电系统。文章分别分析和计算了以水蒸气为工质的开式系统和以纯氨为工质的闭式系统的循环热效率、换热器负荷、泵耗以及循环净功等相关参数。结果表明,与以纯氨为工质的闭式系统相比,开式系统的热水泵功耗过大,降低高温海水的温度和提高闪蒸压力对开式系统是不利的;以水蒸气为动力循环工质有利于降低换热器的负荷,这对换热器的设计是十分有利的。     

基于分层模型预测控制的源荷协调控制策略研究

风电的随机性和波动性增大了电网系统的调节压力,文章提出一种基于分层模型预测控制的源荷协调控制策略,该策略采用长、短时间尺度的多时间尺度滚动优化控制。长时间优化控制以最小弃风运行成本最优为目标,以长时间风电预测为状态变量,以常规电源功率、高载能负荷功率和风电出力为控制变量,优化求解计划基点。短时间滚动优化控制以风电实际出力与计划出力偏差最小为目标,以短时间风电预测出力为状态变量,以连续可调高载能负荷为控制变量,优化求解控制指令,对预测误差的影响做出修正。采用二次规划法对优化控制模型进行求解。最后以新疆某地区电网为例,验证了所提出控制策略的有效性和可行性。     

新建炼厂设计阶段提高加热炉热效率的措施

在炼油加工过程中,加热炉是能耗大户.对新建炼厂,在设计阶段提高加热炉热效率,对节能减排有重要意义.在设计过程中,采取燃料气脱硫等措施以降低排烟温度、降低空气过刹系数和漏风量等措施以降低过剩空气量、优化设计加热炉衬里以降低散热损失、优化余热回收系统方案和控制方案以提高烟气余热利用率和操作稳定性、利用装置废热预热助燃空气,...     

以煤热解为基础的多联产系统的热效率分析

多联产作为高效、环保的化工能源系统,特别是以联产甲醇和电为代表的多联产是最典型的多联产系统,具有显著的节能功能。本文以热力学方法研究了以煤热解为基础的多联产系统的热效率,进一步将联产和分产进行了节能效果比较。     

晋城市能源开发利用及节能减排情况

叙述了对山西晋城市的能源科学开发与合理利用的战略意义,指出,晋城市应坚持开发与节约并重、节约优先的方针,坚持以产业节能为重点,以企业节能为主体,以提高资源利用率为核心,以调整经济结构为根本,把科技创新和发展循环经济作为节能降耗的重要途径。     

关于我国建立现代煤炭交易市场体系研究

本文分析了煤炭订货会的发展历史、现状和存在问题,提出了以改革订货会为着力点,建立以传统煤炭订货交易体系为基础,柜台交易市场和期货市场相结合的、多层次的现代煤炭交易市场体系的建议。     

太阳能发电用高温混凝土储热材料的制备及性能研究

论述太阳能热发电储热材料的分类及太阳能热发电储热混凝土的优势,介绍太阳热发电储热混凝土高温实验过程,经过对样品力学性能和热导率做了相关测试后,对实验结果进行了分析,论证了实验室制太阳能热发电高温储热混凝土在工业实际中的可行性。     

Solar multi-mode heating system based on latent heat thermal energy storage and its application

为克服太阳能间断性和不稳定性的缺点进而实现太阳能集热与采暖的能量供需调节和全天候连续供热,提出了基于相变储热的太阳能多模式采暖方法（太阳能集热直接采暖、太阳能集热采暖+相变储热、太阳能相变储热采暖）,并在西藏林芝市某建筑搭建了太阳能与相变储热相结合的采暖系统,该系统可根据太阳能集热温度和外界供热需求实现太阳能多模式采暖的自动控制和自动运行。实验研究表明：在西藏地区采用真空管太阳能集热器可以和中低温相变储热器很好地结合,白天储热器在储热过程中平均储热功率为10.63 kW,储热量达到92.67 kW·h,相变平台明显;晚上储热器在放热过程中供热量达85.23 kW·h,放热功率和放热温度平稳,储放热效率达92%,其储热密度是传统水箱的3.6倍,可连续供热时间长达10 h,从而实现了基于相变储热的太阳能全天候连续供热,相关研究结果对我国西藏地区实施太阳能采暖具有一定的指导作用。     

高温相变蓄热技术的研究进展

蓄热技术不仅能缓解环境污染和能源浪费的问题,还可以解决热能供给与需求失的矛盾.文中对高温相变蓄热技术的应用和研究现状做了一个综述,从蓄热材料的选择、蓄热器的数值模拟和数学建模、系统研究三个方面对高温相变蓄热技术的研究进展热点以及现状进行了总结.尤其对高温相变蓄热技术在太阳能热发电中的应用现状,并对高温相变蓄热技术在太阳能热发电中的应用进行了分析和展望.     

Review on storage materials and thermal performance enhancement techniques for high temperature phase change thermal storage systems

Designing a cost-effective phase change thermal storage system involves two challenging aspects: one is to select a suitable storage material and the other is to increase the heat transfer between the storage material and the heat transfer fluid as the performance of the system is limited by the poor thermal conductivity of the latent heat storage material. When used for storing energy in concentrated solar thermal power plants, the solar field operation temperature will determine the PCM melting temperature selection. This paper reviews concentrated solar thermal power plants that are currently operating and under construction. It also reviews phase change materials with melting temperatures above 300 °C, which potentially can be used as energy storage media in these plants. In addition, various techniques employed to enhance the thermal performance of high temperature phase change thermal storage systems have been reviewed and discussed. This review aims to provide the necessary information for further research in the development of cost-effective high temperature phase change thermal storage systems.     

Review of latent thermal energy storage systems for solar air-conditioning systems

Solar air conditioning is an important approach to satisfy the high demand for cooling given the global energy situation. The application of phase-change materials (PCMs) in a thermal storage system is a way to address temporary power problems of solar air-conditioning systems. This paper reviews the selection, strengthening, and application of PCMs and containers in latent thermal storage system for solar air-conditioning systems. The optimization of PCM container geometry is summarized and analyzed. The hybrid enhancement methods for PCMs and containers and the cost assessment of latent thermal storage system are discussed. The more effective heat transfer enhancement using PCMs was found to mainly involve micro-nano additives. Combinations of fins and nanoadditives, nanoparticles, and metal foam are the main hybrid strengthening method. However, the thermal storage effect of hybrid strengthening is not necessarily better than single strengthening. At the same time, the latent thermal storage unit has less application in the field of solar air-conditioning systems, especially regarding heat recovery, because of its cost and thermal storage time. The integration of latent thermal storage units and solar air-conditioning components, economic analysis of improvement technology, and quantitative studies on hybrid improvement are potential research directions in the future.     

用于太阳热发电的铅-铋合金传热特性分析

介绍了液态铅-铋(LBE)合金的热物理及传热特性,提出了将铅-铋共晶合金用于太阳热发电高温传热工质的构想.并建立了流体传热特性计算模型,对液态铅-铋合金与传统太阳热发电传热工质-熔盐的传热特性进行了对比模拟计算.结果表明:在热力循环中,采用液态LBE合金作为传热工质与熔盐相比,不但具有更高的热效率和热经济性,而且还可大大节省投资成本,因此其作为高温传热工质在太阳能热发电领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Development of advanced solar assisted drying systems

The Solar Energy Research Group in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia has been set-up more than two decades ago. One of the activities is in the field of solar thermal process, particularly in development of solar assisted drying systems. Solar drying systems technical development can proceed in two directions. Firstly simple, low power, short life, and comparatively low efficiency-drying system. Secondly, the development of high efficiency, high power, long life expensive solar drying system. The group has developed four solar assisted drying systems namely (a) the V-groove solar collector, (b) the double-pass solar collector with integrated storage system, (c) the solar assisted dehumidification system for medicinal herbs and (d) the photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector system. The common problems associated with the intermittent nature of solar radiation and the low intensities of solar radiation in solar thermal systems can be remedied using these types of solar drying systems. These drying systems have the advantages of heat storage, auxiliary energy source, integrated structure control system and can be use for a wide range of agricultural produce.     

基于Ebsilon的槽式光热发电回热循环性能分析

在热力发电过程中,存在发电功率低、发电成本高以及工业余热直接被释放到外界。为了优化热力发电系统,采用回热循环、选取最佳回热系数提高系统的整体效率。依据工程热力学的第一、二定律等数学理论建立数学模型。通过Ebsilon软件平台建立了一个典型的槽式太阳能光热发电回热系统仿真模型,通过设定特定的参数进行模拟。结果表明：随着回热系数的增加,发电量逐步增大;储热系统良好的调节作用是发电量稳定、安全、具有持续性,夜晚期间发电量稳定在1600.43 W左右、系统的光热转换效率在12.77%左右。该仿真研究为工业应用提供相应的依据,有利于促进槽式太阳能热发电回热循环系统的研究及工程化应用。     

Numerical analysis of latent heat thermal energy storage using encapsulated phase change material for solar thermal power plant

Thermal energy storage improves the load stability and efficiency of solar thermal power plants by reducing fluctuations and intermittency inherent to solar radiation. This paper presents a numerical study on the transient response of packed bed latent heat thermal energy storage system in removing fluctuations in the heat transfer fluid (HTF) temperature during the charging and discharging period. The packed bed consisting of spherical shaped encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) is integrated in an organic Rankine cycle-based solar thermal power plant for electricity generation. A comprehensive numerical model is developed using flow equations for HTF and two-temperature non-equilibrium energy equation for heat transfer, coupled with enthalpy method to account for phase change in PCM. Systematic parametric studies are performed to understand the effect of mass flow rate, inlet charging system, storage system dimension and encapsulation of the shell diameter on the dynamic behaviour of the storage system. The overall effectiveness and transient temperature difference in HTF temperature in a cycle are computed for different geometrical and operational parameters to evaluate the system performance. It is found that the ability of the latent heat thermal energy storage system to store and release energy is significantly improved by increasing mass flow rate and inlet charging temperature. The transient variation in the HTF temperature can be effectively reduced by decreasing porosity.     

金属基相变材料的研究进展及应用

金属基相变材料由于具有储能密度高、热稳定性好、热导率高等优点,在潜热热能储存系统中具有极大的优势。本文回顾了金属基相变材料的发展历程,归纳了金属基相变材料的性能参数,总结了各种热物性的测量方法,探讨了金属基相变材料与容器材料的相容性问题,分析了金属基相变材料在太阳能热发电、工业余热回收和电力削峰填谷中的应用前景。金属基相变材料的高温腐蚀性是目前限制其在热控制中应用的主要因素。为了实现金属基相变材料的广泛应用,需要重点解决金属基相变材料的封装问题。