臭氧氧化技术及其在微污染水处理中的应用

阐述水处理中臭氧氧化的主要机理.通过从臭氧的氧化、消毒以及臭氧氧化联用技术方面对其研究进展予以综述,并对其在微污染水处理中的应用和前景做出展望.     

给水处理消毒副产物生成的控制方法

介绍化学混凝、活性炭吸附、薄膜技术、臭氧处理等方法在控制水处理消毒副产物中的各自特点及适用性。     

饮用水加氯消毒副产物的研究进展与控制

阐述氯消毒副产物的种类和形成机理及其危害性,并提出优化水处理工艺、消毒剂替代、前体物去除、副产物直接去除等氯消毒副产物的控制措施。     

关于反渗透水处理技术的探讨和应用

随着现代科学技术的发展,人们对水处理的研究越来越深入,反渗透技术是目前较为先进的水处理技术,以高效率、高环保广泛应用于人生的日常生活、工业制造当中。通过对现有反渗透水处理技术的探讨研究,根据以往经验及实际情况,对反渗透水处理技术中现存的问题进行分析,以供参考。     

水处理技术与水处理装备的发展探究

讨论了中国水处理技术的发展,中国水处理装备发展状况、所存在的问题及其更新,指出,不断开发和掌握水处理技术及其相关的水处理装备对更好地解决水污染问题和水资源问题具有重要意义。     

二氧化氯在淮北矿工总医院污水处理中的应用

介绍二氧化氯消毒剂应用在水处理行业中的发展历程、特性、消毒机理、生产方法,以及在医院污水处理中的应用。浅析尚需解决的一些问题。     

工业锅炉水质的处理方法和发展趋势

本文提出了锅炉的水质对锅炉安全运行和节能有很大影响,说明锅内水处理的重要性以及使用锅内水处理的优点,介绍了工业锅炉锅内水质处理的各种方法和技术以及添加药剂的使用方法,并对工业锅炉锅内水处理技术的未来发展方向作了展望.     

基于水处理的工业锅炉节能研究

在简述工业锅炉水处理原理的基础上,针对工业锅炉水处理工艺中存在的问题,通过确定相应热损失,从结垢、排污率、汽水共腾三个方面分析了水处理工作对工业锅炉热效率及其经济运行的影响。并从反渗透水处理技术、锅内水处理、冷凝水回收、水处理设备检验等几个角度评估了现实可行的节能改进措施。     

水处理技术与氧化皮剥落的讨论

综述了火力发电厂还原性全挥发水处理技术AVT(R)的产生,以及中性水处理与碱性水处理综合起来的CWT技术、弱氧化性全挥发水处理技术AVT(O)的发展过程,针对超(超)临界机组氧化皮集中剥落问题,对1992年至2017年公开文献中典型机组的氧化皮问题进行了汇总,对比分析温度、材质、机组累计运行时间等因素。对TP347H钢的适用性、锅炉结垢速率控制方法给出建议,对给水加氧技术、防止锅炉氧化皮集中剥落技术及发展方向进行分析、展望。     

膜法水处理技术在生活污水深度处理中的应用分析

膜法水处理技术是一种充分利用物理和生物途径进行水处理的一类技术,由于膜法水处理技术在应用过程中不涉及化学反应,不容易出现二次污染物,设备非常简单,占地面积更小,因此,在生活污水深度处理、饮用水净化等方面的利用率更高。从膜法水处理技术入手,分析并探讨膜法水处理技术在生活污水深度处理中的应用,为提升水资源利用率提供一些思路和参考。     

明渠水面照射式紫外消毒器灭菌效能研究

研究明渠水面照射式紫外消毒对大肠菌群和细菌的杀灭效果,为明渠水面照射式紫外消毒用于污水消毒的运行和工程设计提供依据。采用配水和某污水处理厂二级出水,试验不同水层厚度(分别为5~25mm)条件下,不同流量(分别为2.5~20L/h)时,紫外线对大肠菌群和细菌的杀灭情况。试验结果表明,明渠水面照射式紫外消毒对大肠菌群和细菌的杀灭效果较好,同时受水层厚度和流量的影响,在一定条件下可发挥其最佳的效能。为提高消毒效果,建议在消毒箱内壁粘贴一些增强紫外线反射光的材料,以提高紫外光的利用率,建议在生产条件下采用并联多极组合式。     

循环冷却水中二氧化氯杀菌效果的实验室研究

为了考察二氧化氯对循环冷却水的杀菌性能,本文研究了二氧化氯在不同浓度,pH值,反应温度和时间下对循环冷却水的杀菌效果。结果表明,二氧化氯是一种有效的杀菌剂,对循环冷却水中异养菌,硫化细菌和铁细菌均有很好的杀灭效果。本文的研究结果表明,二氧化氯能有效的应用于循环冷却水中。     

Efficiency in the disinfection of water for human consumption in rural communities using solar radiation

The efficiency of solar disinfection for the inactivation of Total Coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli (EC) in drinking water was tested in rural communities of the Guachochi Municipality, in the Tarahumara Sierra, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.The study zone was selected mostly because it lacks formal water supply systems and the population is forced to consume untreated water directly from rivers and shallow or artesian wells without treatment.To determine the bacteriological quality of the water consumed by the population, the amount of TC and EC in the water supplies of 23 communities in the studied municipality was determined.The efficiency of the solar energy based water disinfection process was determined for several months of the humid and dry seasons with water from the most contaminated sources of the study zone. The performed tests consisted in studying the effect of disinfecting water by direct exposure to sunlight during the whole day, with and without solar concentrators, in plastic bottles of commercial beverages. The three types of bottles used were transparent, partially painted black (one half of the bottle, along the longitudinal axis), and totally black.The study shows that, in this geographic zone, the available water must be disinfected before consumption and disinfection efficiency can reach 100% through the use of solar radiation. It was found that, since more than 6 h of daily solar radiation are available during most of the year in this zone, no solar concentrators are really necessary to ensure the complete elimination of bacteria. A complete disinfection takes place by simply placing water bottles in the sunlight during the whole day.Nevertheless, the use of solar concentrators and bottles partially painted black increases the TC and EC inactivation efficiency, reducing the solar exposure time required for a total disinfection to just 2 h. With the use of solar concentrators and partially blackened bottles, the water temperature reached 65 °C, while only 50 °C were achieved when using the same concentrators and completely transparent bottles.     

次氯酸钠和二氧化氯在火力发电厂的设计研究

通过对火力发电厂常用的循环冷却水杀菌方案从设计角度进行研究分析,从多方面对次氯酸钠和二氧化氯杀菌方案进行比较,得出各方案在设计时应考虑的因素及如何选择方案。     

Field solar E. coli inactivation in the absence and presence of TiO2: is UV solar dose an appropriate parameter for standardization of water solar disinfection?

Evaluation of solar treatment in the absence and presence of TiO₂ has been made to assess its effectiveness in reducing bacterial load with respect to drinking water standards.Field experiments under direct solar radiation were carried out using a compound parabolic collector (CPC) placed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. Water contaminated with E. coli K12 was exposed to sunlight in different seasons. The obtained results indicate that the presence of TiO₂ accelerates the detrimental action of light. Total photocatalytic disinfection was obtained in both periods of year and no bacterial recovery was observed during 24 h after stopping sunlight exposure. In the absence of TiO₂, total disinfection was not always reached; and bacterial recovery was observed, especially when inactivation was not complete. Bacterial decay was mainly dependent on light intensity. It was also demonstrated that solar UV dose is not a pertinent parameter to standardize solar disinfection. The influence of the following topics on solar water disinfection is also studied in this paper: (a) UV and total solar spectra characteristics (b) volume of phototreated water (c) post-irradiation events.     

城市生活垃圾燃烧试验研究及燃烧设备开发

国内城市生活垃圾可燃分少、含水率高、发热值低,着火困难、燃烧不稳,较难燃尽．经多年调研、分析研究,实炉试验,技术检测,总结出了适合国情的垃圾焚烧炉和预处理设备的设计框架．可为城市生活垃圾焚烧处理提供借鉴。     

晋城北石店区新建城镇污水处理厂工艺选择

晋城北石店区新建城镇污水处理厂采用＂倒置A/A/O＋MBR＋RO＂处理工艺,污水经二级处理后达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）的一级A标准后外排,经深度处理后作为煤制油用水。项目建成后可缓解北石店区水资源的供需矛盾,全面提高该区节能、节水及治污总体水平,促进城市水资源和水环境的可持续发展。     

污水处理中水在600MW发电机组的应用和经济性分析

对城市污水处理厂中水在徐州垞城电力公司2×600MW发电机组作为冷却水补充水的应用进行分析,对中水的工业化应用成本和经济性进行计算,提出来中水资源化存在的的问题。     

Solar disinfection of contaminated water: a comparison of three small-scale reactors

This paper compares three different collector shapes for the disinfection of water heavily contaminated with Escherichia coli (K-12). Tests were carried out in real sunlight using laboratory scale reactors to determine the performance of different reflector profiles. The reactors were constructed using Pyrex tubing and aluminium reflectors of compound parabolic, parabolic and V-groove profiles. Results have shown that the compound parabolic reflector promoted a more successful inactivation of E. coli than the parabolic and V-groove profiles. Tests were also carried out to assess the improvement to disinfection which could be achieved using TiO₂ coated Pyrex rods fixed within the reactors. This technique, however, yielded a slight enhancement in the compound parabolic reactor but no benefit to overall disinfection performance in either the parabolic or V-groove reactors.These results show that the use of UV sunlight to disinfect contaminated drinking water in a full-scale continuous flow solar reactor is both promising and an appropriate technology for developing countries but that the inclusion of a fixed photocatalyst within the reactor tubes has yet to prove any significant improvement.     

给水厂电解食盐制次氯酸钠系统中美标准对比研究

  [目的]  为了便于涉外工程相关技术人员能快速、详细了解中美在给水厂消毒设施的设计方面的差异,更加合理地进行工程设计,减小涉外工程风险。  [方法]  详细说明了中美给水厂消毒设施的设计所执行的标准,并且针对中美给水厂采用氯作为消毒剂时加药量、加药点、消毒指标以及电解食盐制取次氯酸钠系统进行了详细对比。  [结果]  对比结果表明,相比中国标准,美国标准中加药量范围相对较宽泛,盐品质、盐系统的贮存量、次氯酸钠贮存罐的要求较高,制氯系统配置较灵活。  [结论]  旨在为采有美国标准设计的工程提供设计指导及参考依据。