V锥流量计水力空化气液两相流场数值研究

基于CFD多相流空化模型,对V锥流量计内流体的空化流动进行数值计算,分析了不同入口压力、等效直径比、前、后锥角对流场空化率的影响.研究表明:由于锥体的节流作用使流场中最低压力出现在锥后一定位置处,且降低入口压力、增大等效直径比,适当增大前、后锥角均可有效抑制空化的形成和发展.计算结果可为工程实际应用提供一定理论指导.     

成品油管道顺序输送中V形锥流量计的模拟研究

针对顺序输送的成品油管道,阐述了V形锥流量计在管道混油流量计算中的应用,分析管道内部的速度分布,得到了V形锥流量计的流出系数与混油雷诺数的关系及管道壁面表面摩擦力系数的变化规律。结果表明,V形锥流量计能够克服传统流量计的不足,能更准确地测量混油段的流量。     

基于V锥流量计的油水两相流数值研究

我国陆上油田多处于中高含水期,采出原油含水量逐年提高;加之海洋石油工业的不断发展,多相混输已成为今后的主要输送方式。在多相流动中,总流量和各分相流量是多相流的重要参数,流量的准确测定对工程设备运行的经济性和可靠性十分重要。基于多相流混合模型,建立了油水两相流控制方程,针对V锥流量计内油水两相流场进行数值模拟,分析了流速、初始含水量、等效直径比、前锥角等对水平管内轴向压降及油水相态分布的影响。研究表明：入口流速、初始含水量、等效直径比及前锥角对油水两相流轴向压降及相态分布影响较大;降低流速、增加等效直径比、减小前锥角可有效降低轴向压力,使油水相态分布均匀,实现节能降耗。     

锥形孔板流出系数的研究及其在测量中的应用

通过对孔板流量计进行管内流动数值模拟,找到了孔板流出特性较差的原因。为了得到较好流出特性的孔板,笔者设计了3种不同入口锥角的锥形孔板,通过管内模拟结果得出锥形孔板流出系数随着入口锥角的减小而增大,但增大趋势递减。最终根据模拟得到的理想孔板设计了实物节流件,分析了实验结果和模拟结果的流出系数值产生偏差的原因。并将此种改进孔板应用到实际流量测量中。     

V锥流量计表面压力分布的数值模拟研究

为了研究V锥流量计内部流场结构，通过Gambit软件的结构化网格技术和Fluent软件的RNGk-ε模型对V锥流量计的流场进行数值模拟，着重分析了V锥体表面压力分布的变化情况。结果表明：V锥流量计流场中靠近V锥体的表面压力有较明显的波动，在距离V锥体一定范围内，越靠近V锥体，表面压力变化幅度越大，该研究为优化v锥流量计的结构设计和改善测量性能提供了比较有价值的参考。     

喷孔结构对多孔GDI喷油器喷雾特性的影响

喷孔结构直接决定多孔非对称缸内直喷汽油(GDI)喷油器的孔内流动状态,进而影响GDI喷油器的雾化特性.建立了不同喷孔内圆倒角、喷孔长径比和喷孔锥角等几何参数模型,并结合CFD仿真、高速摄影和激光测量技术对不同喷孔参数的空穴现象、喷雾形态、贯穿距离和索特平均直径的概率密度等进行了研究.结果表明:喷孔内圆倒角有利于减弱空穴现象,增加贯穿距离,但油雾的索特平均直径增大;喷孔长径比对于空穴现象的影响不明显,对贯穿距离和平均索特粒径的影响并不遵循线性规律;喷孔锥角对空穴现象的影响较小,喷雾贯穿距离随着喷孔锥角的增加而减小,但每一束油束锥角变大,喷雾范围扩大,雾化质量提高.     

基于CFD的非标准孔板流量计的数值模拟

为了获得一种在性能和节能方面都较优的非标准孔板,以计算流体力学(CFD)为工具,模拟了标准孔板流量计与一类两通道非标准孔板流量计的内部流场,并探究了两大类孔板分别在β=d/D为0.5和0.7时的流出系数随雷诺数的变化规律,并与由Reader-Harris/Gallagher(1998)公式计算出的流出系数进行比较。结果表明:数值模拟的结果与按理论公式计算的结果相差较小,反映了模拟结果的正确性,比较两类孔板的模拟结果可知,两通道非标准孔板具有低临界雷诺数,永久压降低等优点。因此模拟结果为孔板的理论分析和实验研究提供了新的思路。     

海水淡化用空心锥喷嘴喷淋性能理论及实验研究

设计开发一种具有高通量、低流阻特征的空心锥喷嘴,并通过理论与实验方法研究空心锥喷嘴的喷淋性能,基于准自由涡理论建立空心锥喷嘴内部流体流动的数学模型,阐明流量系数、喷淋锥角、喷嘴流量与喷嘴结构参数之间的定量关系,并利用多效蒸馏海水淡化喷淋实验台对理论计算结果进行实验测试和验证。研究结果表明:正常工作状态下喷嘴流量系数、喷淋锥角、喷淋流量等参数理论值与测量值之间的误差小于5%,验证了设计模型的准确性。同时根据实验测试数据,拟合得到该类型空心锥喷嘴喷淋锥角与雷诺数之间的经验公式,可为蒸馏海水淡化用大流量空心锥喷嘴的结构设计、工艺选型提供理论指导和数据支持。     

利用高速摄影纹影法研究天然气高压喷射射流特性

在定容弹上利用高速摄影纹影法开展了不同喷射压力和背压下的天然气高压喷射射流特性试验研究。通过纹影照片得到了不同喷射压力和背压下的射流贯穿距离、射流锥角和射流体积随时间变化的规律,计算得到了射流内整体过量空气系数随时间变化的规律。结果表明:射流发展分两个阶段,射流初期阶段和射流主体阶段。在射流初期阶段,射流贯穿距离快速增加;在射流主体阶段,射流贯穿距离随时间呈线性增加趋势。射流贯穿距离、射流体积和射流内整体过量空气系数随时间而增加,射流发展过程中射流锥角基本保持不变。随着喷射压力的提高,射流贯穿距离和体积增加,射流锥角减小,射流内整体过量空气系数增大。随着容弹背压的增加,射流贯穿距离和射流体积减小,射流锥角增加,射流内整体过量空气系数增大。     

新颖节流式流量计

<正> 一、前言测定内燃机每个循环平均吸入的空气量,使用节流式流量计比较简便。但是,普通的节流式流量计(本文将圆孔中心线与管道同心的一般孔板节流式流量计称作普通流量计),例如ISA-1932型喷嘴流量计等,其低雷诺数区域的流量系数一般与雷诺数有很大的依赖关系。用这样的节流式流量计来测定吸入的空气量是不适当的。     

Study for the Gas Flow through a Critical Nozzle

In the present study, computational work using the axisymmetric, compressible, Navier-Stokes equations is carried out to predict the discharge coefficient and critical pressure ratio of gas flow through a critical nozzle. The Reynolds number effects are investigated with several nozzles with different throat diameter. Diffuser angle is varied to investigate the effects on the discharge coefficient and critical pressure ratio. The computational results are compared with the previous experimental ones. It is known that the discharge coefficient and critical pressure ratio are given by functions of the Reynolds number and boundary layer integral properties. It is also found that diffuser angle affects the critical pressure ratio.     

突缩突扩式管道消能工能量损失特性研究

为明确突缩突扩式消能工能量损失系数与相关影响因素之间的关系,通过数值模拟试验,分析了孔径比、厚径比、雷诺数等因素对能量损失系数的影响。结果表明,孔径比越小,能量损失系数越大;当孔径比超过0.7时,孔径比对能量损失系数的影响不再明显;能量损失系数随厚径比的增大而减小,但当厚径比超过0.5时,能量损失系数随厚径比的增大而减小的趋势变得不明显;当雷诺数大于10~5时,雷诺数对能量损失系数的影响可忽略。     

二次空气系统中轴向旋转孔流阻特性的数值研究

通过计算流体动力学(CFD)研究了燃气轮机二次空气系统中轴向旋转孔的进口圆角比、长径比、压比和进口气流冲角对轴向旋转孔流量系数C_d的影响。计算结果表明,当孔的进口圆角比r/d0.2时,孔圆角的变化对流量系数影响显著;长径比、压比对进口有/无圆角的孔的流量系数影响规律不同,长径比越大时进口气流冲角对流量系数的影响越小;进口圆角比也会影响进口气流冲角对流量系数的影响规律。依据数值计算结果,对典型的旋转孔流量系数估算公式进行了修正,提高了经验公式的计算精度。     

The experimental study on the flow characteristics for a swirling gas–liquid spray atomizer

A new spray atomizer, that is, swirling gas–liquid spray atomizer, is presented in this paper based on the analysis of various air-assist atomizers and their atomization mechanism. The air-to-liquid mass flow rate ratio (ALR) of the atomizer during the hot-state tests is 4–6% (by compressed air for emulsified heavy oil). And it is of excellent atomization. The discharge coefficient and the spray cone angle of the atomizer are studied systematically. The influence factors considered are as follows: the structure parameters, ALR and the viscosity of the liquid. Through the experiments, the formula of discharge coefficient and the spray cone angle of the atomizer are given in the paper. And it can give good direction on the atomizer design. The atomizer can be employed in the industrial furnaces and other equipments where the liquid must be atomized.     

Experimental study of flow regime characteristics in diesel multi-hole nozzles with different structures and enlarged scales

The internal flow of diesel nozzles has a strong influence on the subsequent spray and atomization characteristics. A flow visualization experiment system equipped with enlarged transparent nozzles was set up to investigate the effect of different nozzle structures and different nozzle enlarged scales on cavitating flow and subsequent spray characteristics. Significant parameters of internal flow including critical pressure of cavitation inception, critical pressure of hydraulic flip, discharge coefficient, Reynolds number, flow rate and cavitation distribution were fully investigated during the experiments. Experimental results show that the nozzles with small length/diameter ratios at the same orifice diameter were more inclined to cavitate and had higher discharge coefficient than that of nozzles with large length/diameter ratios. Cavitating flow in nozzles with different sac volume structures may incur different spray characteristics in the near-nozzle field and it is the internal cavitating flow that induces the asymmetry of subsequent spray. The investigations indicate that the critical pressure of hydraulic flip and discharge coefficient of nozzles under different needle lifts were quite different even under the same boundary conditions and the nozzle flow characteristics have been greatly influenced by the hydraulic flip phenomenon. Two types of cavitation were observed in nozzles with different scaled-up times and the string cavitation was found in three times scaled-up nozzle, while the cloud cavitation bubbles were appeared in five and eight times scaled-up nozzles. A kind of hysteretic cavitation phenomenon was also observed in the experiment and then was analyzed in this paper.     

大口径锥形阀在大伙房输水洞改造工程中的应用

为研究大口径锥形阀在输水系统中的应用效果,基于大伙房输水洞改造工程的试运行数据,采用理论分析与实测试验数据相对比的方法,分析了锥形阀不同开度下的流阻系数、消能率等水力性能参数,并根据锥形阀的水力参数研究了整个输水系统的运行规律,得出不同库水位下的流量开度关系。结果表明,大口径锥形阀在输水系统的运行过程中,能够有效调节流量,具有明显的消能效果,可在同类工程中推广应用。     

Theory and experiment of a two-dimensional cone concentrator for sunlight

A two-dimensional cone concentrator for sunlight was theoretically and experimentally studied. The calculation revealed the maximum number of reflections that sunlight could make before exiting the cone. A higher number of reflections caused the sunlight to bounce backward to the entrance of the cone. The characteristics and geometric parameters of the cone were assessed. As the cone angle increased from 45° to 90°, the calculated concentration ratio, taking the reflection coefficient into account, increased nonlinearly from one to infinity, while the height of the cone also increased from zero to infinity. The experimental concentration ratio was found to be less than the theoretical one in all cases.