太阳能在上海世博会中的应用

2010年上海世博会的主题是“城市,让生活更美好”,介绍了上海世博会总容量约4．41MW的太阳能发电应用形式,包括应用在中国地区馆、世博中心光伏建筑世博会和主题馆中的一体化（BIPV）光伏并网发电系统,部分采用非晶硅电池、HIT电池及数倍聚光电池组件的南市电厂光伏并网发电项目,还有太阳能灯及太阳能小品应用。     

光伏建筑一体化相关问题的探讨

近年来,光伏建筑一体化技术得到了快速发展,成为建筑节能领域的一个亮点。文章对光伏建筑一体化应用中涉及的关键问题,包括光伏与建筑的结合形式、光伏电池的选择、相关能耗以及成本问题,分别进行了分析和探讨,并针对不同建筑的具体情况提出了建议。     

光伏建筑一体化探讨及应用案例分析

近年来光伏建筑一体化已成为研究开发的热点。介绍了光伏建筑一体化的发展优势、发电系统的工作原理。通过对乌鲁木齐达坂城西部歌城光伏建筑一体化工程设计案例分析,证实了光伏建筑一体化项目在环境影响、综合社会效益等方面具备显著的优势。     

太阳能光伏发电应用的现状及发展

当前太阳能光伏发电正在迅速发展,应用的规模和范围正在不断地扩大。本文讨论了各种类型光伏系统的应用及国内外太阳能光伏应用的发展概况。此外还特别介绍了光伏与建筑一体化和光伏声屏障的特点及其应用状况。     

光伏建筑一体化在城市应用中光反射问题的探讨

文章介绍了太阳能光伏发电技术的城市建筑一体化应用形式和目前市场上晶体硅太阳能电池板的减反射特性,比较了不同物质和材质的反射率,分析太阳能光伏建筑一体化应用对城市的光污染影响。     

加快我国光伏建筑一体化发展若干问题探析

光伏建筑一体化有着未来广阔的市场领域,前景光明。因仍处于研发及试行应用阶段,其存在的问题主要表现为光伏建材缺少标准、施工技术不成熟、国家电网系统不支持、消费观念落后、缺少相关人才及政策不具体。针对以上问题提出了解决建议,以期对我国光伏建筑一体化的快速发展提供帮助。     

基于太阳能光伏技术的节能建筑系统的设计与研究

介绍了太阳能光伏发电技术的原理及独立光伏系统和并网光伏系统的组成,总结了两种光伏系统中各组成部分的作用。分析了目前建筑耗能和建筑节能的现状,指出光伏技术与建筑的一体化方案势在必行。分析比较了几种常用的太阳能光伏利用与建筑一体化的实施方式,总结了各种方式的特点。最后提出了几条光伏建筑一体化的基本设计原则。     

太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化系统的研究

太阳能光伏光热一体化不仅能够有效降低光伏组件的温度,提高光伏发电效率,而且能够产生热能,从而大大提高了太阳能的转换效率。对光伏光热建筑一体化(BIPV/T)系统的两种主要模式:水冷却型和空气冷却型系统的工作原理和系统模型进行了理论介绍,详细说明了两种系统中热产品在家庭中的应用。并对目前研究情况下两个系统中存在的问题提出了改进方案。与常规建筑相比,光伏光热建筑减少了墙体得热,改善了室内空调负荷状况,提高了建筑节能效果。     

太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化（BIPV/T）研究新进展

针对当前太阳能建筑一体化应用中存在的问题,提出太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化（BIPV/T）综合利用研究的新概念、新方法和新功能,不仅能提高太阳能建筑一体化的综合利用效率、降低应用成本,且使得太阳能功能更多、全年利用率更高。该文介绍了中国科学技术大学近年来的相关研究,包括与建筑相结合的光伏/热水系统、碲化镉光伏通风窗系统、光伏/空气/热水复合被动墙体系统、光伏光热-热催化/洁净多功能复合墙体系统的原理、功能及效率,拓展了太阳能建筑一体化研究和应用的新途径,为实现太阳能建筑大规模应用以及创造健康舒适的室内环境提供新的方法。     

光伏建筑一体化杭州应先行

光伏建筑一体化在国外发展良好。国内各项政策到位和光伏产业迅速成长将使光伏建筑一体化市场逐步启动。本文探讨了杭州在这方向上具有的优先条件和发展的可能性。     

Perspectives for solar thermal applications in Taiwan

Taiwan has long depended on imported fossil energy. The government is thus actively promoting the use of renewable energy. Since 2000, domestic installations of solar water heaters have increased substantially because of the long-term subsidies provided for such systems. However, data on the annual installation area of solar collectors in recent years indicated that the solar thermal industry in Taiwan has reached a bottleneck. The long-term policy providing subsidies must thus be revised. It is proposed that future thermal applications in Taiwan should focus on building-integrated solar thermal, photovoltaic/thermal, and industrial heating processes. Regarding building-integrated solar thermal systems, the current subsidy model can be continued (according to area of solar collectors); nevertheless, the application of photovoltaic/thermal and industrial heating systems must be determined according to the thermal output of such systems.     

Residential plants investment appraisal subsequent to the new supporting photovoltaic economic mechanism in Italy

Solar energy is a fascinating promise for the future of world economies considering both the progressive depletion of natural fossil fuels and the environmental impact of their massive utilisation in energy conversion systems.After an outlook of more evident techno-economic, environmental and social issues related to photovoltaic (PV) sector, the paper proposes a financial appraisal of a real case concerning a private residential PV building-integrated plant in order to highlight its economic feasibility according to last supporting mechanism introduced by recent Italian legislation.     

Computer modeling and experimental validation of a building-integrated photovoltaic and water heating system

A dynamic simulation model of a building-integrated photovoltaic and water heating system is introduced in this paper. The numerical model was developed based on the finite difference control volume approach. The integrated use of energy balance and fluid flow analysis allows the prediction of the system dynamic behavior under external excitations such as changes in weather, water consumption and make-up conditions. The validity of the modeling approach was demonstrated by comparing its predicted operating temperature changes and system daily efficiencies with the measured data acquired from an experimental rig at the City University of Hong Kong. The predictions from the model show good compliance with the experimental measurements.     

Annual performance of building-integrated photovoltaic/water-heating system for warm climate application

A building-integrated photovoltaic/water-heating (BiPVW) system is able to generate higher energy output per unit collector area than the conventional solar systems. Through computer simulation with energy models developed for this integrative solar system in Hong Kong, the results showed that the photovoltaic/water-heating (PVW) system is having much economical advantages over the conventional photovoltaic (PV) installation. The system thermal performance under natural water circulation was found better than the pump-circulation mode. For a specific BiPVW system at a vertical wall of a fully air-conditioned building and with collectors equipped with flat-box-type thermal absorber and polycrystalline silicon cells, the year-round thermal and cell conversion efficiencies were found respectively 37.5% and 9.39% under typical Hong Kong weather conditions. The overall heat transmission through the PVW wall is reduced to 38% of the normal building facade. When serving as a water pre-heating system, the economical payback period was estimated around 14 years. This greatly enhances the PV market opportunities.     

国内光伏应用市场存在的问题、障碍和发展前景

随着晶硅技术和工艺的不断突破,中国光伏产业发展"两头在外"症状中的"一头"有所缓解。但是,中国光伏产业发展仍然严重依赖欧美市场,在美国"双反"和欧债危机双重影响下,2012年成为光伏企业经营最困难的一年。在出口下滑的情况下,产业政策和企业战略重心开始转向国内市场,国内光伏应用市场出现增速提高苗头,但总量小、阻碍大、发展慢、方向不明、政策不清等问题仍然突出,国内光伏市场的发展还需要突破规划弱、体制不顺、政策不清、竞争无序等障碍。在技术、政策等因素的影响下,国内光伏应用市场在短期和长期将呈现不同的发展趋势。     

中国太阳能光伏发电面临的困难与前景

比较了中国与国际光伏发电的发展状况,分析了中国光伏发电所面临的五大困难,提出了克服这些困难的建议。     

Life-cycle analysis of renewable energy systems

An imlementation of life-cycle analysis (LCA) for energy systems is presented and applied to two renewable energy systems (wind turbines and building-integrated photovoltaic modules) and compared with coal plants.     

Renewable power for China: Past,present, and future

This paper briefly examines the history, status, policy situation, development issues, and prospects for key renewable power technologies in China. The country has become a global leader in wind turbine and solar photovoltaic (PV) production, and leads the world in total power capacity from renewable energy. Policy frameworks have matured and evolved since the landmark 2005 Renewable Energy Law, updated in 2009. China’s 2020 renewable energy target is similar to that of the EU. However, China continues to face many challenges in technology development, grid-integration, and policy frameworks. These include training, research and development, wind turbine operating experience and performance, transmission constraints, grid interconnection time lags, resource assessments, power grid integration on large scales, and continued policy development and adjustment. Wind and solar PV targets for 2020 will likely be satisfied early, although domestic demand for solar PV remains weak and the pathways toward incorporating distributed and building-integrated solar PV are uncertain. Prospects for biomass power are limited by resource constraints. Other technologies such as concentrating solar thermal power, ocean energy, and electricity storage require greater attention.     

光伏建筑一体化（BIPV）并网电站的应用与发展

与建筑相结合的光伏并网电站是未来太阳能发展的重要方向之一,现在介绍国内外光伏建筑的现状以及未来的发展趋势,并对光伏建筑一体化的设计原则,光伏与建筑相结合的具体形式进行了阐述。