太阳能光伏建筑一体化发展模式构想

介绍了太阳能光伏与建筑一体化现状,分析和借鉴了国外光伏与建筑一体化设计理念。通过探讨光伏与建筑一体化路线,认为未来建筑发展是从BIPV到BIPV/T到NET、绿色建筑的一种基本模式,该模式可为中国光伏与建筑一体化未来发展提供参考。     

光伏与建筑相结合的新进展

光伏发电与建筑相结合是光伏应用最重要的应用领域之一。本文论述了光伏与建筑相结合的形式及特点，介绍了一些国家研究开发的进展情况。     

光伏发电与建筑相结合技术

介绍了光伏与建筑相结合的特点及其发展，提出了屋顶并网光伏发电系统的设计要点及其计算方法。通过对应用实例的分析表明，作为庞大的建筑产业与潜力巨大的光伏发电相结合，有着十分广阔的发展前景。     

谈谈BIPV构件及其安装

阐述了太阳能发电与建筑的几种结合方式以及常用的一种与建筑结合的组件安装构件,并对实例进行了分析.指出光伏发电与建筑相结合将成为光伏应用最重要的领域之一,与建筑结合的(BIPV)组件安装结构件也将成为众多建筑、结构设计师关注的焦点.     

基于用电大数据的光电建筑最佳光伏装机容量的估算研究

为实现碳达峰、碳中和目标,国家大力优化产业结构和能源结构.在建筑能源应用方面,可再生能源电力将是与未来建筑能源需求匹配度最高的一种能源利用形式,光电建筑将成为未来建筑的发展趋势.通过采集企业用电大数据,拟合设备负荷,并结合光伏发电系统输出功率曲线,计算得到光伏电力自用电率最高时的光伏装机容量,使项目的投资收益最大化,大...     

太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化（BIPV/T）研究新进展

针对当前太阳能建筑一体化应用中存在的问题,提出太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化（BIPV/T）综合利用研究的新概念、新方法和新功能,不仅能提高太阳能建筑一体化的综合利用效率、降低应用成本,且使得太阳能功能更多、全年利用率更高。该文介绍了中国科学技术大学近年来的相关研究,包括与建筑相结合的光伏/热水系统、碲化镉光伏通风窗系统、光伏/空气/热水复合被动墙体系统、光伏光热-热催化/洁净多功能复合墙体系统的原理、功能及效率,拓展了太阳能建筑一体化研究和应用的新途径,为实现太阳能建筑大规模应用以及创造健康舒适的室内环境提供新的方法。     

太阳能光伏建筑一体化应用现状及发展趋势

部分发达国家从20世纪90年代初就开始大力发展太阳能光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)应用研究,但其在我国尚处于起步发展阶段。2009年5月21日,财政部与住房和城乡建设部联合出台的《关于加快推进太阳能光伏建筑应用的实施意见》正式启动了我国的"太阳能屋顶计划"。本文首先介绍光伏与建筑系统结合的多种形式及光伏建筑一体化的诸多优点,重点说明其在国内外的应用现状,最后从政策法规、技术标准、认证制度等方面阐述其在我国的发展趋势。光伏建筑一体化是未来光伏应用中最重要的领域之一,其发展前景十分广阔,具有巨大的市场潜力。     

推进光伏并网发电与建筑结合的应用

太阳能光伏发电是最具可持续发展理想特征的新能源，在未来能源结构中，其比例会愈来愈大，光伏并网应用是最大的市场。文中介绍了国内外光伏并网发电与建筑结合的应用情况，对光伏产业发展提出了建议。     

一种地源热泵-BIPV/T耦合系统的研究

本文在对目前国内外光伏光热建筑一体化(BIPV/T)系统、地源热泵-光伏光热(PV/T)耦合系统的研究现状和发展方向进行综述及分析的基础上,针对当前建筑外围护结构中光伏可利用面积较大却未被完全利用及阴雨天光伏余热供应不足的问题,提出了一种将地源热泵技术与BIPV/T系统相结合的耦合系统,即地源热泵-BIPV/T耦合系统...     

新供给模式下城市建筑屋顶光伏发电的利用潜力分析

为了提高城市建筑屋顶光伏发电系统的利用价值和经济效益,从不同的用户侧角度分析,利用k均值聚类的方法得到了不同类型城市建筑的用电特征,并与软件模拟得到的典型屋顶光伏发电系统的发电特征结合进行了匹配分析,提出了"在居住建筑的屋顶安装光伏发电系统,为周围办公建筑供电"的模式。以上海市10个区域为例,结合模拟退火算法,计算得到经济效益最大、利用价值最高时,某特定区域城市建筑屋顶用于安装光伏发电系统的理论最佳面积比例。本研究结果可为未来城市屋顶光伏发电系统的规划和设计提供新的思路。     

Low light conditions modelling for building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems

The low irradiance efficiency of photovoltaic modules is important to the optimization of BIPV systems. When photovoltaic modules are integrated into a building, architectural design considerations compete with maximizing photovoltaic energy production. As a result, BIPV arrays are often not facing south and are frequently mounted vertically. Under these conditions, a greater portion of the total sunlight striking the array is diffuse or at high angles of incidence. In northern latitudes a significant amount of the total yearly energy is produced at low light levels.A grid-connected array of BIPV modules integrated into the BCIT Technology Centre building in Burnaby, B.C. was used for assessing the accuracy of an energy performance model developed for BIPV systems. The BIPV system uses AC modules and a computerized data acquisition system for monitoring the performance of modules and inverters. The performance model was developed from analysis of the open circuit voltage, maximum power point voltage and maximum power point current of the individual modules comprising the BIPV array.The algorithm for calculating power output of the photovoltaic array is derived from the ideal diode equation using the single diode model of a photovoltaic cell. An empirically derived parameter modifies the equation. Once the parameters for different module technologies are established, it is possible to compare their annual performance in a BIPV system.     

Modeling and coordinate control of photovoltaic DC building module based BIPV system

This paper presents the modeling method and coordinate control strategy for photovoltaic dc building module (PV-DCBM) based building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system. The PV-DCBM based BIPV system consists of plenty of PV-DCBMs and a centralized inverter which are coupled to the common dc bus in parallel. Each PV-DCBM is integrated with a PV building material to extract maximum power from it and then a centralized inverter is used to transfer the power to the grid. The PV-DCBM based BIPV system has some significant advantages for building integrated applications, such as individual MPPT, inherent data monitor, low cost and excellent expandability. A coordinate control strategy based on energy balance of the PV-DCBM based BIPV system is proposed to realize the individual control for each PV-DCBM and the centralized inverter. The accurate small-signal model of the PV-DCBM based BIPV system is built based on the proposed operation principle and a detailed design approach of the coordinate controller is proposed. Experimental results on the laboratory prototype verify the validity of the proposed modeling and coordinate control method.     

Different diode models comparison using Lambert W function for extracting maximum power from BIPV modules

Perfect modeling of the building‐integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) module circuit equivalent is required for examining the operation of a BIPV system. Before designing the power electronic converters of an overall BIPV system, a perfect diode modeling is required that usually resembles the I‐V and P‐V characteristics of the BIPV modules. In this research article, different types of diode modeling of BIPV systems along with their comparative analysis based on the Lambert W function in MATLAB/Simulink environment is presented. The main aim of this research article is to analyze Mprime transparent M 115‐130P‐FI BIPV modules (115 Wp and 130 Wp) and compare the existing diode models in terms of accuracy and extraction of unknown parameters for the same. Simulation results for Lambert W function based comparison of the five‐parameter model (FPM), seven‐parameter model (SPM) and nine‐parameter model (NPM) power of 115 Wp and 130 Wp BIPV modules along with their percentage errors are well presented. Lambert W function based comparison of FPM, SPM, and NPM is further made at different values of irradiations and temperatures respectively.     

BIPV系统经济性分析

太阳能作为21世纪最具潜力的洁净能源之一,其相关产业在近几年里发展十分迅速。本文论证了在我国发展太阳能产业的可行性,描述了BIPV系统的结构和优越性,并且结合南京市光伏—建筑一体化系统的实例,通过对其发电效益以及动态平直供电成本的计算对该系统的经济性和环境效益进行了分析。计算结果表明,该实例虽然可以带来很好的环境效益,但是目前发电成本偏高。BIPV系统的普及有赖于太阳电池组件产品价格的降低和相关政策的支持。     

基于太阳能光伏技术的节能建筑系统的设计与研究

介绍了太阳能光伏发电技术的原理及独立光伏系统和并网光伏系统的组成,总结了两种光伏系统中各组成部分的作用。分析了目前建筑耗能和建筑节能的现状,指出光伏技术与建筑的一体化方案势在必行。分析比较了几种常用的太阳能光伏利用与建筑一体化的实施方式,总结了各种方式的特点。最后提出了几条光伏建筑一体化的基本设计原则。     

Modeling, design and thermal performance of a BIPV/T system thermally coupled with a ventilated concrete slab in a low energy solar house: Part 1, BIPV/T system and house energy concept

This paper is the first of two papers that describe the modeling, design, and performance assessment based on monitored data of a building-integrated photovoltaic-thermal (BIPV/T) system thermally coupled with a ventilated concrete slab (VCS) in a prefabricated, two-storey detached, low energy solar house. This house, with a design goal of near net-zero annual energy consumption, was constructed in 2007 in Eastman, Québec, Canada - a cold climate area. Several novel solar technologies are integrated into the house and with passive solar design to reach this goal. An air-based open-loop BIPV/T system produces electricity and collects heat simultaneously. Building-integrated thermal mass is utilized both in passive and active forms. Distributed thermal mass in the direct gain area and relatively large south facing triple-glazed windows (about 9% of floor area) are employed to collect and store passive solar gains. An active thermal energy storage system (TES) stores part of the collected thermal energy from the BIPV/T system, thus reducing the energy consumption of the house ground source heat pump heating system. This paper focuses on the BIPV/T system and the integrated energy concept of the house. Monitored data indicate that the BIPV/T system has a typical efficiency of about 20% for thermal energy collection, and the annual space heating energy consumption of the house is about 5% of the national average. A thermal model of the BIPV/T system suitable for preliminary design and control of the airflow is developed and verified with monitored data.     

The potential to exploit use of building-integrated photovoltaics in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council

The use of renewable forms of energy is important throughout the world, not just in countries where there are concerns over the availability of fossil fuels. In order to develop and promote suitable energy policies for the future it is necessary to gain an understanding of stakeholder views in all countries, including those with substantial fossil fuel reserves. The volume of construction work in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries has recently been at unprecedented levels, with a huge environmental impact from construction and also from potential future energy demands. The aim of this paper is to assess the potential to exploit use of a particular, but valuable, renewable energy option: building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in those countries. Such exploitation could offset, at least in some part, the future environmental burdens. A large-scale survey, followed by a number of in-depth interviews, has been undertaken in order to examine the use of BIPV. Empirical research findings are presented, and then analysed in order to determine the current viability of a large-scale expansion of BIPV in the GCC region. The research indicates that the main factors hindering expansion are high costs and the negative public perception of BIPV in the countries concerned. Proposals are therefore provided to assist the development of suitable policies and the wider introduction of viable BIPV in the GCC markets.     

Performance and economic evaluation of the first grid-connected installation in Colombia,over 4 years of continuous operation

In January 2004, the Photovoltaic System Laboratory of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia installed the first grid-connected system in the country. A sophisticated monitoring system was implemented for measuring and analysing the performance and power quality of the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system. The meteorological and solar radiation data at the site of installation were also analysed for correlation with system performance. On the basis of 4-year monitoring results, the performance of the BIPV system was analysed from a component perspective (photovoltaic array and power conditioning unit) and global perspective (system efficiency, electrical energy, power quality, etc.). Energy analysis and economic evaluation revealed that, to get a trade-off between energy and economic viability, the BIPV system installations must be heavily subsidized.