基于Simscape的重型燃气轮机建模与仿真研究

现代重型燃气轮机的二次空气约占总空气通流量的20%左右,对燃气轮机整体性能有着不可忽略的影响。为研究二次空气对重型燃气轮机的影响,采用Simscape语言编写了燃气轮机通用模块库,利用模块库搭建了重型燃气轮机模型,并验证了模型的正确性。最后,进行了变工况仿真实验,结果表明二次空气冷却系统可以在保护高温透平的同时提高压气机效率,从而优化了燃气轮机整体性能。     

某燃气涡轮多级空气透平试验研究

为验证燃气涡轮的总体性能,将某重型燃气轮机涡轮末两级按0.5模化比模化后进行空气透平试验,建立了多级空气透平的试验系统,分析两级试验透平轮周效率、流量系数等特性参数随速比的变化。试验结果表明:空气透平设计工况效率达到了0.895,流量系数0.78,接近原燃气涡轮的设计值。试验结果验证了涡轮的总体性能,对燃气轮机涡轮的开发设计具有重要指导意义。     

透平冷却空气系统和冷却空气量研究

介绍了燃气轮机的叶片冷却技术,并对燃气轮机各级冷却空气分布进行分析。在假设等熵效率η和混合效率ηε的基础上,根据透平工作原理,建立了一个能够求解出合理空气量的方程。最后针对燃气进出口焓值和冷却空气对焓值变化的影响求解出适当的空气量分配,这为研究燃气轮机二次空气系统提供了理论依据,同时也为透平部件的寿命评估提供了边界条件。     

重型燃气轮机的现状和发展趋势

重型燃气轮机是21世纪乃至更长时期内能源高效转换与洁净利用系统的核心动力装备。它对于能源系统的高效、清洁和安全都具有重要意义。当代燃气轮机主要关键技术包含多级轴流压气机、高效清洁燃烧室、多级轴流冷却透平、二次空气系统、镍基超级合金叶片材料与制造等等。以国家需求为导向,集中全行业力量,走自主研究和消化吸收相结合的道路,突破燃气轮机的基础科学问题和关键技术,为我国自主开发燃气轮机提供共性技术支持,是全面深入推进重型燃气轮机核心技术国产化的必由之路。     

燃气轮机二次空气系统一维传热特性预测

燃气轮机二次空气系统作为冷气在转子内流动的主要流路,关系到转子的强度和冷却气体的分配,对燃气轮机的稳定运行至关重要。针对燃气轮机初步设计的需求,基于基元模型经验公式发展了转子热边界条件分析方法的预测程序。该程序通过模块化二次空气系统,对各基元模型参数化建模,根据流动情况建立相应的流体网络,实现了燃气轮机二次空气系统的传热特性分析。另外以一概念化的二次空气系统的传热特性,验证、分析了该方法能有效、快速地预测二次空气系统的传热特性,为转子的热态分析提供必要条件。     

某型燃气轮机透平转子空气系统数值计算

根据流体动力学理论,针对某型燃气轮机透平转子空气系统进行了流体动力学计算,获得不同工况下透平转子冷却空气流量和各漏气孔的流量分配情况,满足实际工程分析的需要.     

IGCC系统空气分离集成对燃气轮机通流匹配约束影响研究

为了探究燃气轮机在应用于IGCC系统时,由于空气分离（以下简称空分）集成方式与燃料热值变化引起的复杂约束问题,以某F级燃气轮机为基础,构建IGCC系统燃气轮机及空分系统性能模型,研究不同运行约束条件下空分集成方式对燃气轮机通流匹配的约束边界,确定了保持进口导叶IGV全开时空分整体化率和氮气回注率的可行域与燃气轮机性能的变化规律,并针对限制因素给出压气机的流量设计需求及改进后的性能对比。结果表明：保持透平进气温度稳定在设计值的情况下,可实现的最小空分整体化率为0.15;受合成气热值及空分系统集成方式的限制,压气机与透平流量的匹配约束使低整体化率与高回注率的组合无法实现;保持透平排气温度稳定在设计值可行域的范围有所扩大;可行域内,降低空分整体化率、提高氮气回注率均有助于提升燃气轮机性能;对改型前后的燃气轮机性能进行比较,独立空分-氮气不回注组合下燃机效率提高到35.2%;在氮气不回注与氮气完全回注时,独立空分相较于完全整体化空分组合燃气轮机效率分别高19.63%和15.91%。     

透平冷却空气量计算方法综述

燃气轮机效率提高的主要途径是提高透平进口温度。随着透平进口温度的不断提高,对冷却空气量的需求也逐渐增多,为保证透平安全可靠运行,透平冷却空气量的计算就显得尤为重要。本文对比了国内几篇文献中针对V94.3燃气轮机透平冷却空气量的估算方法,同时介绍了国内外其他研究人员利用流体网络法的研究成果。通过对比分析可知,采用叶片冷却模型以及从燃气轮机功率角度估测冷却空气量的方法适用于工程应用。流体网络法有严谨的理论支持,可针对空气系统具体部件进行计算分析。     

简讯

首台H型燃气轮机运行已超过17000小时据《Gas Turbine World》2006年9~10月刊报道,GE公司的首台50Hz的H型燃气轮机自2003年在英国南威尔士的Baglan湾投运以来,累计运行已超过17 000小时。该公司的60Hz的H型燃气轮机计划于2008年在南加利福尼亚的Inland Empire能源中心投运。按照美国能源部(DOE)的先进透平计划开发的H型燃气轮机的设计特点是,对第一级透平的动叶和喷嘴采用了闭环蒸汽冷却系统。蒸汽比空气有更高的传热效率,可以使透平运行的燃气初温超过1427℃,在不增加燃烧室火焰温度和NOx排放的情况下提高了效率。H型燃气透平的第…     

重型燃气轮机关键技术集成及应用示范

正关键技术及示范包括:对F级重型燃气轮机技术,集成热端部件(燃烧室、透平叶片)的设计与制造技术、高效低污染燃烧室设计与制造工艺、适应灵活空分配置的先进高效宽稳定裕度压气机研制、燃气轮机调节系统等研发成果,形成整机制造技术及系统集成优化设计技术。     

某型高压动叶冷却结构设计

对某燃气涡轮高压动叶的冷却结构进行了参数化设计,应用分块的结构网格构造了涡轮内部复杂的冷却结构,进行网格分区时既保证高质量网格,又避免过多增加网格分区。对涡轮动叶栅流场进行了数值模拟,指出参数建模是气冷涡轮叶片设计方法进行工程化应用的前提条件。气膜冷却和带肋片的蛇形通道结构能够有效提高动叶片的冷却效果,保护叶片正常工作。     

Thermoeconomic optimization of an ice thermal storage system for gas turbine inlet cooling

The gas turbine power output and efficiency decrease with increasing ambient temperature. With compressor inlet air cooling, the air density and mass flow rate as well as the gas turbine net power output increase. The inlet cooling techniques include vapor or absorption refrigeration systems, evaporative cooling systems and thermal energy storage (TES) systems. In this paper the thermoeconomic analysis of ice (latent) thermal energy storage system for gas turbine inlet cooling application was performed. The optimum values of system design parameters were obtained using genetic algorithm optimization technique. The objective function included the capital and operational costs of the gas turbine, vapor compression refrigeration system, without (objective function I) and with (objective function II) corresponding cost due to the system exergy destruction. For gas turbines with net power output in the range of 25-100 MW, the inlet air cooling using a TES system increased the power output in the range of 3.9-25.7%, increased the efficiency in the range 2.1-5.2%, while increased the payback period from about 4 to 7.7 years.     

Performance analysis of a trigeneration system based on a micro gas turbine and an air-cooled,indirect fired,ammonia–water absorption chiller

The objective of this paper is to experimentally determine the efficiency and viability of the performance of an advanced trigeneration system that consists of a micro gas turbine in which the exhaust gases heat hot thermal oil to produce cooling with an air cooled absorption chiller and hot water for heating and DHW. The micro gas turbine with a net power of 28 kW produces around 60 kW of heat to drive an ammonia/water air-cooled absorption chiller with a rated capacity of 17 kW. The trigeneration system was tested in different operating conditions by varying the output power of the micro gas turbine, the ambient temperature for the absorption unit, the chilled water outlet temperature and the thermal oil inlet temperature. The modelling performance of the trigeneration system and the electrical modelling of the micro gas turbine are presented and compared with experimental results. Finally, the primary energy saving and the economic analysis show the advantages and drawbacks of this trigeneration configuration.     

燃气透平第一级冷却空气系统流体的动力特性

将燃气透平冷却空气系统模化为由大量不同通流单元以串连或并联方式组成的复杂网络系统,采用有向图的关联矩阵描述了该复杂网络的结构特征;选用适当的试验关联式计算空气流经各通流单元的压力损失与换热量,并建立了冷却空气流动与换热特性的流量、压力和温度方程组;采用逐步简化冷却空气网络系统的方式,求解冷却空气系统内流量的分配;采用以改进并修正的高斯消去法为基础的一种稳定的大型稀疏矩阵线性方程组来求解冷却空气系统内空气的压力与温度分布;在此基础上,编制出冷却空气系统流动特性的通用计算程序,并对某燃气透平第一级冷却空气系统特性进行了计算与分析,结果表明:第一级静叶与动叶的冷却空气消耗量分别占空气流量的3.97%和2.88%,与文献报道的同类型机组(西门子V94.3)的数值接近.     

F级燃气轮机转子空气系统计算研究

根据传热学和流体动力学理论,对燃气轮机空气系统流体动力学的计算方法进行了研究。得到了燃气轮机空气系统相关参数的计算模型。该方法易于理解,与模拟结果符合较好,计算精度满足实际工程分析需要。     

A solar-driven combined cycle power plant

The main results of a feasibility study of a combined cycle electricity generation plant, driven by highly concentrated solar energy and high-temperature central receiver technology, are presented. New developments in solar tower optics, high-performance air receivers and solar-to-gas turbine interface, were incorporated into a new solar power plant concept. The new design features 100% solar operation at design point, and hybrid (solar and fuel) operation for maximum dispatchability. Software tools were developed to simulate the new system configuration, evaluate its performance and cost, and optimize its design. System evaluation and optimization were carried out for two power levels. The results show that the new system design has cost and performance advantages over other solar thermal concepts, and can be competitive against conventional fuel power plants in certain markets even without government subsidies.     

燃气轮机进气雾化式蒸发冷却控制技术研究

大气环境温度对燃气轮机性能的影响很大,加装燃气轮机进气雾化冷却系统对改善燃气轮机性能具有很高的实用价值.通过对燃气轮机进气雾化冷却工作原理的分析,提出了一种基于PLC的燃气轮机进气雾化冷却控制系统的设计方案以及功能实现.运行结果表明,该控制系统自动化程度高,工作稳定性好,性能可靠.配置控制系统的燃气轮机进气雾化式冷却撬体投运后,PG6551(B)型燃气轮机功率相对增加8.35%,效率相对提高3.24%.     

Study of molten carbonate fuel cell—microturbine hybrid power cycles

The interaction realized by fuel cell—microturbine hybrids derive primarily from using the rejected thermal energy and combustion of residual fuel from a fuel cell in driving the gas turbine. This leveraging of thermal energy makes the high temperature molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) ideal candidates for hybrid systems. Use of a recuperator contributes to thermal efficiency by transferring heat from the gas turbine exhaust to the fuel and air used in the system.Traditional control design approaches, consider a fixed operating point in the hope that the resulting controller is robust enough to stabilize the system for different operating conditions. On the other hand, adaptive control incorporates the time-varying dynamical properties of the model (a new value of gas composition) and considers the disturbances acting at the plant (load power variation).     

Overall Thermal Performances of Double-Wall Effusion Cooling Covered by Simulated Thermal Barrier Coatings

A coupling configuration of double-wall cooling and exterior surface thermal barrier coating(TBC)is one of the most promising thermal protection methods of hot components of modem gas turbine.The combined influences of coating thickness,impingement layout,and cooling air flowrate on the overall thermal performances of such configuration were discussed deeply,to provide the valuable guidance of design.Overall effectiveness measurements were implemented under engine-matched Biot numbers and mainstream-to-coolant temperature ratio.Conjugate heat transfer simulations provided the additional information difficult to be acquired by the measurements.The results indicated that the contribution of TBC is much larger than that of increasing the cooling air amount.The thicker TBC can produce the stronger insulation,while the higher risk of thermal damage of itself.The larger coolant flowrate enlarges the benefit of TBC,while the trend is suppressed by the thick TBC.The constant coating thickness cannot bring to the uniform metal temperature,which can be solved through properly adjusting the backside impingement.The trends in overall effectiveness with TBC’s thickness are independent on the change of internal impingement.