检测控制装置在焦化废水处理工程中的应用

结合八钢焦化分厂酚氰废水处理工程实例,简述了生物脱氮工艺处理焦化废水的基本原理、工艺流程和检测控制装置在废水处理过程中的应用及其效果.     

焦化废水生物脱氮

本文叙述了焦化废水生物脱氮的原理.焦化废水采用A/O生物法去除氨氮工艺,可使焦化废水处理排放的氨氮指标达到排放要求.     

A/A/O生物脱氮处理焦化污水工艺介绍

萍钢焦化厂新建酚、氰废水处理站采用了先进的A/A/O法生物脱氮工艺,此工艺将污水二级处理中的缺氧、好氧两大类方法有机结合在一起,对焦化废水中的酚、氰、COD、氨氮等多种污染物均有较高的去除率,尤其是出水氨氮含量远远低于钢铁行业一级排放标准(15mg/l).文章详细介绍了A/A/O生物脱氮的原理、运行控制和工艺流程.     

焦化废水生物

本文叙述了焦化废水生物脱氮的原理,焦化废水采用A/O生物法去除氨氮工艺,可使焦化废水处理排放的氨氮指标达到排放要求。     

包钢焦化废水处理现状及实现"零"排放探讨

分析了包钢焦化厂酚氰废水处理现状及综合利用焦化废水存在问题,结合包钢废水处理的实际情况,提出了焦化废水全部综合利用的建议,为包钢焦化废水"零"排放项目立项提供依据.     

阜新玻璃厂含酚废水处理工艺设计实验研究

含酚废水是一种常见的工业废水，通过对含酚废水处理工艺方案的论述，分析比较了物理、化学、生化方法的适用条件和几种典型工艺处理含酚废水的处理情况．针对阜新玻璃厂裂解煤气生产过程中洗涤和冷却煤气废水，提出以再生、延时曝气强化的2段活性污泥法处理含酚有毒有机废水，实践表明效果非常显著。     

活性炭处理含2,4,6-三氯酚废水的研究

以活性炭对含三氯酚的模拟废水进行处理.采用静态试验的方法研究活性炭投加量、处理时间、温度、pH对三氯酚去除效果的影响.结果表明,活性炭处理含三氯酚废水的最适温度为25～30℃,最适pH值为3.0～7.0.在最适合条件下,理论上将1L含三氯酚浓度为127mg/L的废水处理达到国家三级污水排放标准（1.0mg/L）,需投加活性炭81.5g.     

石油化工催化剂生产废水处理国内技术进展

石油化工催化剂生产过程中产生的废水已经成为制约催化剂发展的重要瓶颈之一,由于其组成的特殊性,处理难度大,往往需要开发特殊的处理方法.综述了国内石油化工催化剂,包括白土催化剂、分子筛催化剂及聚烯烃催化剂生产废水的处理技术,其中废水中的悬浮物处理可采用微滤法和絮凝法,通过微滤或絮凝,废水中SS的脱除率可达90％以上;微滤法在处理悬浮物时具有速度快、效率高等优点;高氨氮废水可采用生物法、热泵闪蒸汽提法、离子交换法和耦合法进行处理,且将物理、化学、生物、吸附等技术进行耦合是废水处理的发展方向,经过耦合技术处理的氨氮废水可达到国家排放标准.就整个催化剂废水处理的目标而言,一是将废水中的有用成分分离出来加以再利用,二是将废水中的有害成分转化为无害成分排放,三是将废水处理至一定水平,然后循环使用.     

炼油厂酸性水汽提装置处理锅炉双脱废水的影响和对策

随着环保标准的日益严格,企业外排废水中COD、氨氮和总氮等已成为非常重要的控制指标。针对洛阳石化热电部煤粉炉脱硫脱硝过程中产生的高氨氮含盐废水的处理进行了深入分析,通过优化锅炉运行,采取可行性措施,从源头上削减NO_x浓度,减少氨逃逸量,降低双脱废水中氨氮浓度。通过充分发掘现有装置的潜力和作用,分别将高氨氮含盐废水送至化纤污水装置、含盐污水装置、延迟焦化装置和污水汽提装置进行处理。通过对比运行结果,发现将双脱废水送污水汽提装置进行处理是一个有效可行的新工艺:通过新增流程,将双脱废水送至污水汽提装置,同时在污水汽提塔内加注15%(质量分数)的NaOH溶液,提高塔底含硫污水的pH值,保证塔底净化水的pH值≥10,氨氮浓度≤40mg/L,从而也从汽提塔侧线多抽出了NH_3产品,最终保证了双脱废水得到有效处理和实现达标排放。     

延迟焦化装置掺炼脱油沥青问题分析与对策

洛阳石化1400kt/a延迟焦化装置由洛阳石化工程公司设计,采用“可灵活调节循环比”工艺流程.随着原油加工量的逐年提高,该装置开始掺炼脱油沥青.这固然可以扩大洛阳石化重油平衡能力,增加重油加工灵活性,提高总体经济效益,但焦化装置掺炼脱油沥青后,由于原料性质变差,随之产生加热炉炉管结焦速率加快、大量生成弹丸焦以及油气携带焦粉等问题.结合焦化原料特点、热反应生焦机理和延迟焦化工艺特点,对延迟焦化装置掺炼脱油沥青造成的影响进行分析.提出优化措施:在溶剂脱沥青装置脱油沥青出装置管线增上渣油、油浆静态混合器,按照一定的比例,使脱油沥青和减压渣油、油浆充分混合,降低原料中的沥青质含量;加强原料监控,改善焦化原料性质,降低加热炉出口温度,提高加热炉管内流体线速,适当加大循环比,保证装置的安全运行.     

A／O工艺处理炼油厂海水和淡水混合废水的研究

对大连石化公司污水场处理海淡混合污水的工艺条件、运行方式、控制方法进行分析和研究，总结出操作规律。结果表明，使用A／O生物法处理该性质的污水是可行的；在启动运行上，污泥培养驯化方式上与常规工业污水驯化相同但控制条件不同；在工艺条件上，SWI低于100mL／g，但污泥增长较为缓慢；在控制条件上，要求原水的含盐量必须稳定在±5％的变化幅度以内；在处理效果上，污染物可以达到90％以上的去除率，满足国标一级排放标准的要求。     

太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合处理含酚废水

研究了煤气含酚废水和模拟苯酚废水的太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合处理技术,比较了混凝法、太阳光Fenton氧化法及其联合技术对含酚废水的处理效果。结果表明,太阳光Fenton体系可有效地氧化降解含酚废水,但废水完全矿化所需的H2O2用量较大,导致处理成本较高。含酚废水直接采用混凝处理的效果不理想,CODCr和挥发酚去除率较低(6.5%～28.7%)。采用太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合技术处理中等浓度的煤气含酚废水,使其CODCr和挥发酚浓度达到国家二级排放标准,只需投加700mg/L的H2O2,而单纯采用太阳光Fenton氧化所需消耗的H2O2大于2800mg/L,即联合技术可节约H2O2用量3倍以上。结果还表明晴天下太阳光Fenton氧化反应45min与人工电紫外光Fenton氧化反应30min对含酚废水的处理效果相当。太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合技术具有能耗低、处理效率高、处理量大等特点,在环境治理领域具有更广阔的应用前景。     

Treatment of Oily Wastewater Using Dissolved Air Flotation Technique

Abstract

Oil/water emulsion is found in the wastewater effluent streams coming from various sources, such as the petroleum refineries, the discharge of bilge and ballast water, workshops, petrol stations, rolling mills and from edible oil and soap factories. The oil recovery process adopted will depend on how the oil is present in the water stream. Oil can be found as free floating oil, as an unstable oil/water emulsion and also as a highly stable oil/water emulsion. Free oil in wastewater is readily removed by gravimetric separators, while unstable oil/water emulsions can be mechanically or chemically separated. Stable emulsions and in particular those involving water soluble oily wastes require sophisticated methods to satisfy treated water legal requirements. This study is dedicated to the application of dissolved air flotation (DAF) for the removal of emulsified oils from oily wastewater. A dissolved air flotation unit has been designed for this purpose and the ultimate goal is to explore the technical viability of this technique. The design and then construction of the dissolved air flotation pilot plant has been conducted to treat 1.0 m³/hr of oily wastewater. The performance of the DAF system has been investigated using synthetic oil emulsions and true wastewater where three different types of oil have been managed. The various operating conditions have been tested to define the most appropriate conditions for processing oil/water emulsions. The effect of coagulant addition on the oil separation in the presence of an emulsifying agent is investigated.     

焦化废水处理中的脱氮过程

叙述了焦化生产过程中由于装煤时一般采用喷氨工艺,导致废水中的NH3-N非常高,而又不进行硝化、反硝化的处理的情况,指出,为保证处理后出水水质能够达到回用于熄焦的标准,避免腐蚀接焦车,脱氮是非常必要的.     

An energy evaluation of coupling nutrient removal from wastewater with algal biomass production

Recently, several life cycle analyses of algal biodiesel from virtual production facilities have outlined the potential environmental benefits and energetic balance of the process. There are a wide range of assumptions that have been utilized for these calculations, including the addition of fertilizers and carbon dioxide to achieve high algal yields in open ponds. This paper presents an energy balance of microalgal production in open ponds coupled with nutrient removal from wastewater. Actual microalgal yields and nutrient removal rates were obtained from four pilot-scale reactors (2500 gallons each) fed with wastewater effluent from a conventional activated sludge process for 6 months, and the data was used to estimate an energy balance for treating the total average 12 million gallons per day processed by the wastewater treatment plant. Since one of the most energy-intensive steps is the dewatering of algal cultures, several thickening and dewatering processes were compared. This analysis also includes the energy offset from removing nutrients with algal reactors rather than the biological nutrient removal processes typically utilized in municipal wastewater treatment. The results show that biofuel production is energetically favorable for open pond reactors utilizing wastewater as a nutrient source, even without an energy credit for nutrient removal. The energy content of algal biomass was also considered as an alternate to lipid extraction and biodiesel production. Direct combustion of algal biomass may be a more viable energy source than biofuel production, especially when the lipid content of dry biomass (10% in this field experiment) is lower than the high values reported in lab-scale reactors (50–60%).     

ADM1 modeling of UASB treating domestic wastewater in Nepal

The Anaerobic Digestion Model 1 (ADM1) was applied to the anaerobic digestion process in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor treating domestic wastewater. It was evaluated based on data from a 250 L pilot scale reactor. The wastewater influent degradable characteristics and Sludge Retention Time (SRT) were established by several trial and errors simulation to establish appropriate values for parameters not measured experimentally. The model was further verified against varying load experimental results to ensure its usefulness for a wide range of relevant loads. The best fit was obtained using 60 d SRT and parameters recommended for mesophilic conditions, with average experimental values within 10% of the simulated results. The model gave a good estimation of reality and could be applied for feasibility analysis, design and operation of full-scale small plants to be used in rural areas. Kathmandu University (KU) domestic wastewater treatment plant simulation was used as example of such. It showed that a reactor volume of about 4 m³ (6 h HRT) would give reasonable reactor performance with 1.7 m³/d biogas production.     

掺炼沥青质对延迟焦化装置的影响与应对措施

通过适当改造,加强生产管理,延迟焦化装置可以加工一定比例的沥青质,既可解决脱油沥青的出路问题,又通过提高溶剂脱沥青装置的负荷,为企业创造经济效益。但沥青质特性复杂,将对焦化装置加工处理造成影响。通常,掺炼沥青质后,焦化装置原料残炭值、沥青质含量增加,混合不均匀,易导致输送原料管道堵塞;亦存在焦炭塔空高降低、泡沫层高度增加,大油气线结焦、产品夹带焦粉,影响下游装置安稳运行,以及轻质液体收率下降,气体、石油焦产率上升,管道腐蚀等问题。对此,提出以下应对措施:在原料进入焦化装置缓冲罐前,增设原料静态混合器;依据原料分析结果,适当掺混轻质油浆;优化消泡剂加注;加强原料性质监测;进行材质升级,加强装置易腐蚀点监控力度。某炼厂原油加工能力800×104t/a,年产减压渣油约200×104t/a,主要依靠延迟焦化装置和溶剂脱沥青装置加工。焦化装置掺炼进料总量7%的沥青质后,可使溶济脱沥青装置增加负荷19×104t/a,为企业增效3800万元。     

二株假单胞菌降解生物质气化洗焦废水COD的特性研究

为了使生物质气化中产生的洗焦废水得到循-环使用，首先用木屑、活性炭过滤预处理，滤液用菌种Pseudomonas SP1和Pseudomonas SP2进行进一步好氧降解。结果表明，COD浓度小于1800mg／L，采用两种菌降解颗粒活性炭过滤后的洗焦废水，均达到了理想的降解效果。SP1和SP2的COD去除率分别为73．2％和82．9％，SP2的降解效果明显好于SP1。当SP1和SP2等量混合降解颗粒活性炭过滤后的洗焦废水时，COD去除率达到98．1％。然后用生物膜反应器处理未经过滤预处理的生物质气化洗焦废水，经挂膜和增菌后，反应器可得到稳定和高效的运转，进水浓度1800mg／L，水滞留期保持在36h，洗焦废水的COD去除率为89％，苯、萘、酚、蒽、喹啉和异喹啉的去除率达到了理想的效果。     

规模化猪场废水厌氧处理工艺及现存问题分析

分析论述了我国目前禽畜养殖业废水处理概况和规模化猪场废水的特征及其危害性，对应用于猪场废水处理的厌氧工艺的技术特点进行了分析对比；提出厌氧处理工艺中亟待解决的后处理问题和建议。     

微絮凝直接过滤法在电厂工业废水回用中的应用研究

本实验选择微絮凝直接过滤技术处理电厂中的工业废水，使其经过处理后能被作为冷却水加以回用。通过小型实验观察混凝剂投量、助滤剂投量、过滤速度等因素对COD