夏季"空调"型相变墙热设计方法

建立了分析夏季结合夜间通风的相变墙房间热性能的理论模型，提出了评价房间夏季过热不舒适程度的“累计日室内温度不舒适度”IDCT和“累计日室内综合温度不舒适度”IDC两个指标。对于给定的气象条件和给定的相变墙房间，讨论了夏季“空调”型相变墙的优化设计方法，并以伊宁地区为例进行了分析和计算。     

电加热相变材料蓄热地板采暖的热性能模拟

为消除电采暖引起的电网峰谷差并降低采暖运行费用，该文提出了一种带有相变材料潜热贮能板的地板电采暖系统，并建立了分析此系统热性能的地板和房间理论模型，对给定的电加热相变蓄热地板采暖房间，模拟了室内空气温度和地面温度的变化，藉此分析了我国几个气候地区冬季该系统的应用效果，结果证明此采暖方式在使房间热负荷不大的建筑和气候条件下，基本能满足人的热舒适性要求，有较好的应用前景。     

双层相变材料砌块的全年应用效果研究

为解决单一相变材料无法在全年发生相变产生节能效益的问题,提出在空心混凝土砌块中填充2种相变温度不同的相变材料构成双层相变材料混凝土砌块。以夏热冬冷地区南京某朝南房间为研究对象,通过EnergyPlus能耗软件的模拟分析功能对2种相变材料的相变温度及在砌块中的位置进行优化。研究得到,在南向外墙中应用这种双层相变砌块,相比于单层相变砌块和空心砌块可显著减小空调期制冷耗电量和采暖期制热耗电量,且能明显减小过渡季节的室内日平均温度波幅,提高热舒适度。     

相变墙房间传热特性研究

通过建立基于焓法相变墙板的传热模型,研究了其传热特性,分析了影响相变墙板传热性能的因素,选取出了适合于重庆地区的相变墙板,研究了重庆的相变墙房间和普通房间的传热特性,对比分析了夏季和冬季相变墙房间和普通房间的温度情况并经实测验证。结合削峰填谷政策做了经济性分析。结果表明相变墙房间不仅节省能源,能提供舒适的环境。而且投资回收期仅十四个月。     

空间划分对太阳能建筑室内温度差异化影响

结合拉萨、银川及西安地区的冬季气候条件,建立典型建筑模型,利用热平衡方程组分析空间划分模式及隔墙热阻等对室内不同空间温度的差异化影响。结果表明,室内空间合理划分可明显提高主要房间的室内温度,但受太阳辐照强度和室外空气温度差异的影响,不同地区提高的幅度有所不同。依据典型建筑模型分析,拉萨地区民居采暖期主要房间空气温度可提高13.6%,达到16.7℃;银川地区可提高22.7%,达到9.2℃;西安地区可提高10.3%,达到11.8℃。     

多孔太阳墙结构热特性及应用分析

结合多孔太阳墙建筑,运用数值模拟方法分析了不同太阳墙结构对室内送风参数的影响,比较了太阳能房间与普通房间在工作区范围内的热舒适性,并对太阳能房间的窗墙面积比进行了优化改进。研究表明:对太阳墙的设计优化,增大了太阳墙面积,提高了室内热舒适性;改进后房间窗墙比为0.303,窗地比为0.2,符合节能建筑要求。     

相变储能围护结构在建筑节能中的应用CSCD

相变材料具有高效的能量储存功能。相变材料与建材基体结合,制成一种具有储热功能的围护结构。该围护结构可发挥相变储热功能,降低建筑室内温度波动,增强建筑热舒适度,能够更加有效地减少建筑物运行能耗,从而实现建筑节能。本文对当前现有相变材料的优缺点、相变材料在不同围护结构中的应用、相变储能围护结构对室内热环境的影响及对建筑运行能耗的影响、相变储能围护结构应用的经济性等方面进行了分析,提出相变储能围护结构在工程应用中所存在的不足及其发展前景。     

Application of energy storage enclosure with phase change materials in building energy saving

相变材料具有高效的能量储存功能。相变材料与建材基体结合,制成一种具有储热功能的围护结构。该围护结构可发挥相变储热功能,降低建筑室内温度波动,增强建筑热舒适度,能够更加有效地减少建筑物运行能耗,从而实现建筑节能。本文对当前现有相变材料的优缺点、相变材料在不同围护结构中的应用、相变储能围护结构对室内热环境的影响及对建筑运行能耗的影响、相变储能围护结构应用的经济性等方面进行了分析,提出相变储能围护结构在工程应用中所存在的不足及其发展前景。     

严寒地区单体建筑太阳能-相变墙系统蓄热特性研究

利用太阳能对水加热并通入相变墙进行蓄热，对减少严寒地区单体建筑供热能耗有重要意义。以大庆市某单体建筑为例，结合该地区太阳能分布特点及建筑热负荷大小，对适用于该地区的太阳能-相变墙系统进行集热与储热能力计算，并采用CFD方法研究单一工况下该系统的热工变化规律及不同热水参数、换热管规格对相变墙蓄热特性的影响。结果表明：该相变墙热稳定性良好，但受自然对流影响，底部相变材料熔化较慢；管径DN25、入口流速0.3m/s、供水温度310.15K、回水温度309.15K、管间距107mm可使相变材料在4小时内完成蓄热，平均节能率为31.8%。研究结果可望为降低严寒地区建筑供热能耗提供新思路。     

相变墙房间热性能研究现状及发展趋势

相变储能在建筑节能和暖通空调领域中的应用越来越受到重视,已成为国际研究的热点。本文分析了国内外相变储能理论与技术的发展现状,分析了作为建筑围护结构常用的热特性分析方法,提出了作为相变墙房间下一步的研究重点和研究方法,为相变墙房间蓄换热机理及热特性的研究奠定了基础。     

Thermal dynamics of wallboard with latent heat storage

Wallboard impregnated with phase change material (PCM) will provide thermal storage that is distributed throughout a building, enabling passive solar design and off-peak cooling with frame construction. This paper examines the thermal dynamics of PCM wallboard that is subjected to the diurnal variation of room temperature, but is not directly illuminated by the sun. The purpose of this work is to provide guidelines useful in selecting an optimal PCM and in estimating the benefits of PCM architectural products. The energy stored during a daily cycle depends upon a) the melt temperature of the PCM; b) the temperature range over which melt occurs; and c) the latent capacity per unit area of wallboard. Situations with the wallboard on an interior partition or on the inside of the building envelope are investigated separately. The following findings are presented. The maximum diurnal energy storage occurs at a value of the PCM melt temperature that is close to the average room temperature in most circumstances. Diurnal energy storage decreases if the phase change transition occurs over a range of temperatures. The diurnal storage achieved in practice may be limited to the range 300–400 kJ/m², even if the wallboard has a greater latent capacity. The implications of these findings for test room experiments are discussed.     

Thermal properties of composite PCM wallboard in low-temperature hot Water radiant system

低温热水墙体辐射供暖技术因其节能、舒适及对供暖温度（热源品位）要求低等优势而越来越得到广泛应用。在研究相变墙体辐射供暖系统的基础上,针对相变墙体层蓄热效率低的问题,提出采用一种新的复合相变墙体板。并建立相应复合相变墙体的传热模型,利用数值模拟软件对复合相变墙体的蓄放热过程进行分析,对比分析了有复合相变层和没有相变层时室内供暖系统的区别,同时研究了相变温度、相变层厚度等参数对复合相变墙体表面平均温度、表面热流密度的影响,得到了它们对复合相变墙体的传热过程的影响规律。研究结果可为提高供暖系统的舒适度提供理论依据,并为发展低品位能源利用提供技术支持。     

Full scale thermal testing of latent heat storage in wallboard

Full scale thermal storage tests were conducted in a room lined with PCM wallboard having latent heat storage capacity. The results were compared with those obtained from tests conducted in a similar room lined with ordinary wallboard. The research showed that PCM wallboard can function efficiently as a thermal storage medium which can be applied to peak load shifting, improved use of waste and solar heat as well as more efficient operation of heating and cooling equipment.     

Applied research on hot water heating wallboard with phase-change material

In this paper, the hot water heating wallboard with phase-change material (PCM) was prepared. PCM was added into the wallboard. Intermittent heating mode was used in the experiment. Heat transfer performance of the wallboards was tested and numerically simulated by ANSYS software. The results showed that the temperature and heat flow on the surface of the PCM wallboard (PCMW) were lower than that of the common wallboard without PCM in the heating process. And the decreasing in the temperature and heat flow of the PCMW was lower than that of the common wallboard. The experimental and simulated results were identical in most cases. PCMW can remain a certain heat flow on the inner surface, so it can control the fluctuation of indoor temperature, and enhanced the comfort of indoor climate. Different influence factors and optimal design of the hot water heating phase-change wallboard were analysed.     

Optimization of a phase change material wallboard for building use

In construction, the use of phase change materials (PCM) allows the storage/release of energy from the solar radiation and/or internal loads. The application of such materials for lightweight construction (e.g., a wood house) makes it possible to improve thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption. A wallboard composed of a new PCM material is investigated in this paper to enhance the thermal behavior of a lightweight internal partition wall. The paper focuses on the optimization of phase change material thickness. The in-house software CODYMUR is used to optimize the PCM wallboard by the means of numerical simulations. The results show that an optimal PCM thickness exists. The optimal PCM thickness value is then calculated for use in construction.     

Thermal performance of shape-stabilized phase change paraffin wallboard

This paper presents thermal performance of shape-stabilized phase change material (PCM) wallboards and common wallboard. Shape-stabilized PCMs consist of paraffin and high-density polyethylene as support materials. The wallboards were prepared by shape-stabilized PCMs and grout with the building materials in mass proportions of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The phase change temperature of the shape-stabilized paraffin was 27.5 °C and the maximum content of paraffin in the shape-stabilized PCM was 70%. The energy-saving effect and feasibility of shape-stabilized PCM wallboard were compared with those of ordinary wallboards. The results showed that prepared PCM wallboard has good thermal performance and thus it has high potential for the cooling of buildings.     

Simulation of an integrated PCM–wallboard system

Heat transfer barriers and other practical difficulties do currently hamper the development and application of (phase change materials) PCM–wallboard systems. In this study thermal performance of randomly mixed PCM and laminated PCM–wallboard systems have been numerically evaluated and results compared. The laminated system displayed up to 50% increment in heat flux enhancement and about 18% increase in heat transfer rates. Consequently, the laminated PCM–wallboard system has greater potential for heating and cooling application in buildings than the randomly mixed system. Experimental validation and investigation into manufacturing techniques are however needed to establish the commercial viability. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.