海水制冷热泵装置的节能分析与材料优选

海水具有温度相对稳定、能量蕴含量大等特点,本文对近海地区采用海水作为制冷热泵冷热源的节能特性进行了系统的分析,对耐海水腐蚀金属材料的研究情况进行了介绍,对天津地区适宜用作海水换热器的材料进行了优选,为近海地区高效制冷热泵装置的设计与应用提供了参考。     

热泵循环海水淡化系统

对现有的热法海水淡化方法进行了节能评述,并提出一种综合了低温多效蒸馏与压汽蒸馏两种海水淡化方法技术优势的新系统,通过对此系统的设计计算,得出结论：本文提出的利用热泵循环的节能海水淡化系统能耗低,在热法海水淡化系统中最为节能。     

海水热泵系统的应用及发展前景

介绍了以海水热泵为基础的区域供热/供冷系统在瑞典斯德哥尔摩的应用实例.通过我国和瑞典情况的比较,指出利用海水资源及热泵系统进行区域供冷在我国的发展前途.     

用于单体建筑的海水空调系统

对海水空调系统应用在单体建筑上的可行性进行了研究.首先对一个典型工程系统的设计方案进行了探讨;然后按照技术经济学中的费用年值法和追加投资动态回收年法,对传统空调系统和海水源热泵空调系统进行了方案对比,结果表明,按照优惠的收费标准,采用新系统所增加投资的动态回收期为5 a.文章还对新方案不确定因素的敏感性、环境收益和能源利用效率进行了分析.     

抛管式换热器应用于海水源热泵系统实例分析

针对海水源热泵应用中存在的海水直接进入机组的腐蚀及冬季海水温度过低直接进入热泵机组发生冻结的问题,该文提出将抛管式换热器应用于海水源热泵系统中,对系统进行简要介绍,建立确定换热器结构的数学模型。结合典型工程实例,对采用抛管式换热器、采用中间换热器与直接式海水源热泵系统3种方案进行经济性和环保效益的比较,得出采用抛管式换热器的海水源热泵系统在经济效益及环保效益方面均优于其他2种方案。     

海水热泵的冬季运行特性分析

海水容量巨大，冬季温度高于空气温度，可作为热泵的良好热源。介绍了海水热泵的工作原理，分析了恶劣条件下海水热泵的连续运行和间歇运行两种模式，计算了两种模式下的运行特性数据，为海水热泵的设计和应用提供了较好的参考。     

空调用热泵系统热力学和热经济优化

为了使空调用压缩式热泵各组成部件有效地，可靠地和经济地组合起来，应综合考虑其制热与制冷两种功能，分别采用热力学效率优化和热经济优化方法对热泵系统进行了分析优化研究，指出以最大热力学效率作为目标函数的热泵系统最优化问题是一个多目标函数最优化问题，必须结合使用情况使制冷与制热相互协调，才能取得整体最优方案。热经济优化综合考虑制热制冷能耗与初投资的影响，可为空计用热泵系统设计提供指导。     

海水热泵系统设计及技术经济分析

根据舟山地区的气候条件和海水条件,通过负荷计算、关键技术研究等环节初步设计了某船厂办公楼的海水热泵空调系统,估算了海水热泵空调系统的初投资发现,因为增加了海水取排水设施,所以单个项目经济性较差。但是海水源热泵空调具有非常明显的节能、减排、环保等综合社会效益,在能源日益紧缺、环境破坏严重的今天必将得到广泛应用。     

节能环保型海水养殖水体恒温系统的应用

针对国内海洋水族馆和海水养殖企业,大多采用锅炉加冷水机组运行、调节海水养殖温度的模式,造成企业成本和加热海水能耗增高等问题,通过调研海水养殖企业,在实地检测、分析和评估的基础上,制定了改造旧设备、利用原有设施、挖潜增效的节能环保方案,研发了节能环保型海水养殖水体恒温系统,主要是通过1级板式换热器充分回收养殖排水中的热量或冷量,减少2级海水源热泵系统配置容量与运行能耗。举例说明了节能环保型海水养殖系统替代传统的锅炉加热系统与冷水机组制冷系统后节能效果显著,社会效益与经济效益明显。     

一种建筑节能技术——水源热泵空调系统

水源热泵是一种高效节能、经济环保、安全稳定、冷暖两用、运行灵活的新型中央空调系统,它利用地表水(江、河、湖水)、地下水、工业废水及生活废水,又可用取之不尽的海水等,借助热泵系统,既能制冷、又能制热,是一种高效建筑节能技术。     

间接式海水源热泵系统动态运行能耗的模拟分析

由于大气温度同时影响着建筑物空调系统的冷热负荷和海水的温度,而海水温度的变化又会导致海水源热泵系统性能的改变,因此,海水源热泵系统的运行能耗同时受到大气温度和海水温度的影响。文章以青岛市某海水源热泵系统为例,以DeST软件模拟得到的建筑物逐时空调负荷为基础,模拟计算和分析了该系统在海水温度动态变化情况下的运行能耗。     

District cooling and heating with seawater as heat source and sink in Dalian, China

This paper presents a study on the utilization of ocean thermal energy in Dalian. Coastal areas are ideal sites for the application of seawater-source heat pump technology (SWHP) to provide district cooling and heating. The technical requirements and the scheme design in the context of marine climate are discussed. A government-commissioned feasibility study of a proposed district energy site in Dalian, with an estimated 68 MW heating load and 76 MW cooling load plant capacity is then described. The economic, energy and environmental impacts are analyzed. In order to get a better understanding of economic justification and benefits of two different systems, annual cost (AC) and net present value (NPV), are used. A series of sensitivity analyses are undertaken to investigate the magnitude of the effect of the parameters variation on cost calculation. The numerical simulations of seawater temperature field are performed by using a two-dimensional convection–diffusion equation model to evaluate environmental impacts. Study indicates that Dalian has great potential for applying SWHP system. It is both technically and economically feasible because of the favorable geographical location and urban environment.     

Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater source heat pump system

Based on energy conservation equation and Darcy’s law, a model of beach well infiltration intake system applied in a seawater source heat pump system was established. The model consists of the seawater seepage and the heat transfer process. A porous medium model in a software named FLUENT was applied to simulate the seepage and the heat transfer process. This model was also validated by field experiment conducted on the seashore in Tianjin, China. The maximum relative error between simulation results and experimental results was 2.1% (less than 5%), which was acceptable in engineering application. The porosity and coefficient of thermal conductivity of the aquifer soil were determined to be 0.49 W/(m·K) and 1.46 W/(m·K), respectively in the simulation. In addition, the influencing factors of pumping water of beach well were also analyzed. The pumping water was found to increase when the distance between the beach well and the impervious boundary becomes longer, when the distance between the beach well and the supplying water source shortens, when the diameter of the beach well enlarges, and the drawdown enlarges.     

间接冷凝换热制备淡水的联合海水淡化太阳能烟囱电站初探

文章设计了一种专门用来制备淡水的冷凝器,以及一种间接冷凝换热制备淡水的联合海水淡化太阳能烟囱电站(SCPPSDIC)。以西班牙太阳能烟囱电站的几何参数为基础,对SCPPSDIC系统进行三维建模和数值模拟,并将模拟结果与单一太阳能烟囱电站(SCPP)的模拟结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:SCPPSDIC的温度场、压力场沿烟囱中轴线呈对称分布,且变化较为平缓;相比于SCPP,SCPPSDIC的输出功率虽有4.2 k W的小幅度下降,但冷凝器区域能够析出3.95 t/h的淡水,淡水产出量极其可观,这使得太阳能综合利用率由1%以下提高到3.43%;冷凝器在制备淡水的同时,所放出的凝结热也会对流入蒸馏池的海水起到预热作用,从而使系统的能量得到充分利用。     

波浪能海水淡化的应用研究

简要介绍了"十五"期间在广东省汕尾市研建的波浪能海水淡化系统的组成和工作原理.为了验证波浪能海水淡化装置运行的实用性和可靠性,在国内外波浪能海水淡化研究的基础上,对汕尾波浪能海水淡化装置进行了不同操作压力情况下的试验研究.研究结果表明,随着高压海水压力的升高,产出淡水量会明显增加,淡水质量提高,装置产出淡水的能耗较低.     

Magnesium-solution phase catholyte seawater electrochemical system

A magnesium-solution phase catholyte semi-fuel cell (Mg-SFC) system was investigated as an energetic electrochemical system for low rate, long endurance undersea vehicle applications. This electrochemical system consisted of a magnesium anode and a solution phase catholyte of hydrogen peroxide or hypochlorite, in a seawater electrolyte. Polarization profiles of the Mg-SFC were performed to determine the corresponding voltages at applied current densities ranging from 10 to 50 mA cm⁻². Voltages of 1.0 V to 1.8 V were observed at these current densities. Constant current-density tests at 25 mA cm⁻² for 60 min were also performed to determine voltage stability with time. These tests showed voltages of 1.3 V when a magnesium anode and an electrocatalyst of nickel foil catalyzed with palladium and iridium were utilized. When an electrocatalyst of planar carbon catalyzed with palladium and iridium was tested, the corresponding voltage was 1.5 V.     

Integration of thermal energy and seawater desalination

Energy and freshwater shortage are the bottlenecks restricting China's economic development. The integration of energy utilization system and seawater desalination is considered as an innovative technology enabling efficient simultaneous use of middle or low temperature thermal energy and supply freshwater. Three feasible approaches to integrate seawater desalination with energy utilization system are presented in this paper, including combinations of the desalination process with a Combined Cooling Heating & Power system (CCHP), a power plant, or a solar thermal utilization system. In addition, the feasibility and advantages of a seawater desalination system combined with a power plant are described. The findings indicate that combining seawater desalination with industrial processes is a feasible and promising way to solve the problems of the lack of freshwater and low efficient use of low temperature thermal energy in coastland areas.     

海水淡化技术的研究进展

淡水资源的紧缺已成为一个世界性问题。我国水资源匮乏,海水淡化包括西北地区的苦咸水淡化,将成为解决我国沿海地区和岛屿、华北和西北部分干旱地区等缺水问题的重要手段。海水淡化技术在国外已得到广泛应用,在我国也日趋重视。分析了海水淡化不同技术的原理、特点及其应用情况,指出与热力发电厂余热利用相结合的多效蒸馏法、多级闪蒸法将体现其明显的经济性,而且可在掌握系统技术的基础上,开发相应的成套设备。