Prototyping of ultra micro centrifugal compressor-influence of meridional configuration

In order to investigate the design method for a micro centrifugal compressor,which is the most important component of an ultra micro gas turbine,two types of centrifugal impeller with 2-dimensional blade were designed,manufactured and tested.These impellers have different shapes of hub on the meridional plane with each other.Moreover,these types of impeller were made for the 5 times and the 6 times size of the final target centrifugal impeller with the outer diameter of 4mm in order to assess the similitude...     

Design and prototyping of micro centrifugal compressor for ultra micro gas turbine

In order to establish the design methodology of an ultra micro centrifugal compressor, which is the most important component of an ultra micro gas turbine unit, a 10 times size of the final target compressor (impeller outer diameter 40 mm, corrected rotational speed 220,000 r/min) was designed. The problems to be solved for downsizing were examined and a 2-dimensional impeller was chosen as the first model due to its productivity. The conventional ID prediction method and CFD were used. The prototyped compressor was tested by using cold air at the reduced speed of 110,000 r/min. Following to the 10 times model, a 5 times size of the final target model having fully 3-dimensional shape (impeller outer diameter 20mm, corrected rotational speed 500,000 r/min) was designed and tested by using hot gas at the reduced speed of 250,000 r/min.     

基于流固耦合的离心式压气机叶轮叶片仿真研究

以某型离心式压气机叶轮为研究对象,利用ANSYS工程软件对叶轮进行单向流固耦合数值模拟。在综合考虑热载荷对叶轮叶片应力应变影响的前提下,建立叶轮单流道的三维流场模型,得到额定转速下压气机叶轮内部流场应力分布。将离心力、气动力和热载荷施加到叶片上,最终得到在离心力、气动力和热载荷三者共同作用下的叶片应力分布和叶片最大变形量。结果显示:相比仅考虑离心力和气动力影响的情况,在施加热载荷后,叶片最大应力增加7.62%,最大变形量增加24.69%。     

颗粒浓度对高比转速离心泵非定常特性的影响

为了分析颗粒浓度对高比转速离心泵非定常特性的影响,采用Mixture混合多相流模型,利用CFX软件进行数值模拟,分析了不同颗粒浓度时的瞬时湍动能、压力脉动及径向力。研究表明:随着颗粒浓度的增加,效率有所下降,清水条件下的离心泵效率最优;随着颗粒浓度的增大,叶轮内的瞬时湍动能明显增强,叶轮流道内及隔舌处的压力值均减小,脉动幅值均增大,作用在叶轮上的径向力会增大,而作用在隔舌处的径向力会减小;在不同颗粒浓度下,叶轮流道内的压力脉动主频均出现在转频处;隔舌处的压力脉动主频出现在叶频处;叶轮流道内、隔舌处的压力值和压力脉动幅值增减速度快慢的分界点和叶轮上、隔舌处的径向力增减速度快慢的分界点均在颗粒浓度为1%附近。     

Design and Prototyping of Micro Centrifugal Compressor

In order to establish the design methodology of ultra micro centrifugal compressor, which is the most important component of ultra micro gas turbine unit, a 10 times of the final target size model was designed, prototyped and tested. The problems to be solved for downsizing were examined and 2-dimensional impeller was chosen as the first model due to its productivity. The conventional ID prediction method, CFD and the inverse design were attempted. The prototyped compressor was driven by using a turbocharger and the performance characteristics were measured.     

新型阻尼结构叶片振动特性试验研究

干摩擦阻尼结构被广泛应用于透平叶片中来降低其振动应力。文章设计并搭建了干摩擦阻尼块结构叶片振动特性测试试验台,通过测量一新型阻尼结构叶片的振动响应值,获得了不同激振力及模拟离心力转速下叶片频率响应曲线及模态阻尼比。试验结果表明：当激振力较小时（4N、5N和6N）,叶片的共振频率随模拟离心力转速的上升而不断增加,而模态阻尼比则先增加再减小,在40％模拟离心力转速工况下模态阻尼比最大,叶片减振效果最好;当激振力较大时（12N、18N和24N）,叶片振动更加剧烈,使得阻尼块接触刚度降低,叶片的共振频率接近自由叶片固有频率,而模态阻尼比随着模拟离心力转速的上升不断降低。     

Development of Compressor for Ultra Micro Gas Turbine

The major problems for the development of an ultra micro gas turbine system were discussed briefly from thestand point of the internal flow and the performance characteristics.Following to these,the development of ultramicro centrifugal compression systems for the ultra micro gas turbine is explained with the design and the manu-facturing processes.The measured results of ultra micro centrifugal compressors are shown.     

变叶片数和长短叶片对某跨音速向心汽轮机气动性能的影响

利用三维数值模拟的方法对一跨音速向心汽轮机进行了气动设计优化分析,通过改变叶片数和采用长短叶片结构等方法分析其对叶轮内流场的影响,分析了TC-4P叶型的气动特点。结果表明:TC-4P叶型虽然只是普通的渐缩型流道的叶栅,但利用其斜切部的膨胀能力,对超音速工况一样具有良好的性能;叶轮采用长短叶片的方法可以有效地降低余速损失,并改善流动状况。     

气动力和离心力对风力机叶片应力影响研究

针对自行研制的NACA4415翼型水平轴风力机,通过流固耦合的数值模拟计算方法,考虑气动力和离心力以及两者耦合作用,选取叶片最大弦长、中部弦长、气动中心线展向以及最大应力点位置,分析风力机叶片在不同工况下的应力特性分布规律。结果表明:在气动力作用下,叶片相同弦长位置处迎风面应力小于背风面应力,且随尖速比和入流风速增大而增大,最大应力点位置随着尖速比增大沿翼展向外且靠近叶片前缘方向延伸;在离心力作用下,叶片相同弦长位置处迎风面应力大于背风面应力,且随尖速比增大而增大,而最大应力点均在叶根最大弦长位置(9.93 mm,10.80 mm,-126.33 mm);在耦合作用下,叶片相同弦长位置处迎风面应力大于背风面应力,随尖速比和入流风速增大而增大,且依次大于气动力和离心力产生的应力,而最大应力点均在叶根最大弦长位置。仿真结果对于风力机翼型的选择及优化设计具有重要的理论意义及参考价值。     

New vortex‐lift and tangential‐force models for HAWT aerodynamic load prediction

Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) experience three‐dimensional rotational and unsteady aerodynamic phenomena at the rotor blades sections. These highly unsteady three‐dimensional effects have a dramatic impact on the aerodynamic load distributions on the blades, in particular, when they occur at high angles of attack due to stall delay and dynamic stall. Unfortunately, there is no complete understanding of the flow physics yet at these unsteady 3D flow conditions, and hence, the existing published theoretical models are often incapable of modelling the impact on the turbine response realistically. The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight on the combined influence of the stall delay and dynamic stall on the blade load history of wind turbines in controlled and uncontrolled conditions. New dynamic stall vortex and nonlinear tangential force coefficient modules, which integrally take into account the three dimensional rotational effect, are also proposed in this paper. This module along with the unsteady influence of turbulent wind speed and tower shadow is implemented in a blade element momentum (BEM) model to estimate the aerodynamic loads on a rotating blade more accurately. This work presents an important step to help modelling the combined influence of the stall delay and dynamic stall on the load history of the rotating wind turbine blades which is vital to have lighter turbine blades and improved wind turbine design systems.     

垂直轴风力机两种翼型气动性能比较研究

叶片是风力机最重要的组成部分,在不同的风能资源情况下,翼型的选择对垂直轴风力机气动特性有着重要的影响。文章分别以NACA0018翼型(对称翼型)和NACA4418翼型(非对称翼型)建立3叶片H型垂直轴风力机二维仿真模型。应用数值模拟的研究方法,从功率系数、单个叶片切向力系数等方面比较两种风力机模型在不同叶尖速比下的气动特性,并采用风洞实验数据验证了流场计算的准确性。CFD计算结果表明:在低叶尖速比下,NACA4418翼型风力机气动特性优于NACA0018翼型风力机,适用于低风速区域;在高叶尖速比下,NACA0018翼型风力机气动特性较好,适用于高风速地区。而且在高叶尖速比时,NACA0018翼型在上风区时,切向力系数平均值要高于NACA4418翼型,在下风区时,NACA418翼型切向力系数平均值高。该研究可为小型垂直轴风力机翼型的选择提供参考。     

单级离心压气机气动性能预测与优化设计

为了提升低转速工况下压气机的气动性能,采用人工神经网络与遗传算法相结合的优化方法对某单级离心压气机离心叶轮的弯特性进行优化计算。利用NUMECA软件对该离心压气机进行了不同转速的数值模拟,得到压气机不同工况下的气动性能。通过设置不同控制参数和曲线形式对离心叶轮叶片进行参数化拟合,以8个改变叶片弯特性的参数为自由参数进行了叶型优化设计,最终得到了优化后的叶轮叶片。结果表明:优化后在低转速的设计工况下离心压气机压比增加了4.69%,稳定裕度拓宽了17.41%。     

某径向透平膨胀机可调喷嘴气动及结构设计

针对应用在天然气管网的压力能回收透平，为保证其在不同流量工况下的高效率运行，采用了进气可调喷嘴结构形式，通过气动计算与分析，研究了喷嘴叶型、喷嘴径向尺寸、喷嘴叶轮间隙、旋转轴位置对气动性能的影响。之后采用CFD方法对选定方案进行了不同开度下的性能分析，并进行了可调喷嘴的结构设计。研究结果显示：选定径向尺寸为80。0mm，喷嘴叶轮间隙为15.0mm，旋转轴中心直径为509.6mm时，膨胀机的气动性能与结构均比较合理。研究过程可为透平膨胀机可调喷嘴设计提供参考与指导。     

增压器涡轮叶片模态特性研究

基于有限元法，对增压器涡轮吉进行模态特性研究，从理论上探讨了材料参数，离心惯性及工作温度对涡轮叶片模态特性的影响。根据Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理，推导了考虑离心惯性力影响的涡轮叶片振动方程。给出了材料参数，工作温度对涡轮叶片模态特性影响的解析式。在涡轮转速不十分高时，引入等效弹性模量的概念，得出涡轮转速对叶片模态特性影响的近似公式。     

大膨胀比对转式离心透平设计

为了设计高效、轻便、紧凑的叶轮机械,根据对转式离心透平的结构特点,选定9个独立初始设计变量,对大膨胀比对转式离心透平进行一维气动设计.采用中弧线叠加厚度方法进行高压静叶和低压动叶的叶片造型,通过压力面和吸力面单独造型完成缩放流道式高压动叶叶片造型,并采用CFX软件对其进行定常数值模拟.结果表明:大膨胀比对转式离心透平的...     

百千瓦中型变速变桨风电机组叶片设计研究

百千瓦级叶片一般采用定桨方式运行,依靠叶片失速进行功率控制,机组运行过程中无法维持较高的效率。基于100 kW变速变桨机组的运行特征,提出了一种100 kW级中型叶片的设计方法。气动设计采用了BEM方法,利用Harp_opt中的优化算法获得较高的气动性能;结构及载荷设计参考IEC标准进行,采用Focus进行铺层设计及结构特性分析。所设计叶片的长度为10.029 m左右,极限及疲劳载荷特性满足GL IIA类风场的运行要求。     

Investigation of the theoretical load alleviation potential using trailing edge flaps controlled by inflow data

A novel control concept for fatigue load reduction with trailing edge flaps based on the measurement of the inflow locally on the blade was presented. The investigation was conducted with the aeroelastic code HAWC2. The aerodynamic modelling in the code is based on blade element momentum theory. The simulations were carried out for the NREL 5MW reference wind turbine, and the mean wind speed at hub height was 8 m s^?1. The turbine was operated with fixed rotational speed. The energy at the blade is concentrated in spectral bands centred at multiples of the rotational frequency up to three times the rotational frequency. The highest fatigue load reduction was achieved when the inflow sensor was placed at the outer parts of the blade. In the best case, the reduction of the local fatigue loads induced by the blade sectional normal force was 60%. The control method gave the highest fatigue load reductions in conditions with strong wind shear. The demands for the flap actuator in terms of deflection angles was ±10°. The requirements in terms of the flap deflection velocity depend mainly on the inflow turbulence intensity. The maximum value was ±40°s^?1 for 20% inflow turbulence intensity. Unsteady aerodynamic effects seem to be negligible. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

叶片根部倒角对离心叶轮气动性能影响

叶轮是决定离心压气机气动性能的关键因素之一,在保持叶轮设计参数不变的条件下,调整叶根倒角的分布,对比分析叶根倒角对压气机性能的影响.利用Numeca软件对跨声速离心压气机进行全三维稳态流动数值模拟方案分为等半径倒角与变半径倒角两种.结果表明:主叶片后半弦长的倒角是决定压气机气动性能的关键性因素,尾缘倒角比前缘更敏感;根...     

分流叶片周向位置设计及其对离心叶轮内部流动的影响

利用计算流体力学软件,对某高压比、高转速、小流量离心式压气机的半开式叶轮内部三维粘性流场进行了数值模拟研究。重点分析了分流叶片周向位置对叶轮内部流动和性能的影响,提出了适合此半开式离心叶轮分流叶片周向位置的设计方案。结果表明：分流叶片不同周向位置对流场影响明显,当分流叶片偏向长叶片吸力面侧时,叶轮流道内低速区增大,流动分布不均匀。研究还发现：固定分流叶片进口而将出口位置向长叶片压力面侧偏置,可以改善叶轮内部流动情况,提高叶轮性能。     

旋转对气冷涡轮内部流场影响的PIV测量

采用PIV测速技术分别对旋转和不旋转两种情况下的气冷涡轮内部流场进行实验测量,研究旋转对气冷涡轮内部流场的影响。同时改变吹风比(M=1.5,2),研究不同射流吹风比对涡轮流场的影响。实验结果表明,冷却孔射流下游附近存在明显的尾迹区域。旋转情况下涡轮内部流场中存在的离心力、哥氏力的作用使射流与主流的掺混流场结构改变。与静止涡轮叶栅流场相比,旋转对叶片压力面侧流场的影响明显大于吸力面。同时,吹风比增大使射流与主流掺混流场区域以及射流尾迹区的范围扩大。