小流量模型级叶片扩压器对叶轮的冲击

数值试验结果表明了某离心压缩机小流量模型级采用有叶扩压器可以显著提高模型级的效率,然而由于考虑到有叶扩压器可能对于叶轮造成冲击,因此在有叶扩压器的使用问题上需要非常谨慎。在扩压器叶片前缘与叶轮轮缘的距离较近位置的前提下,在不同流量下对其进行非定常数值模拟研究,研究叶片扩压器存在时叶轮上的压力脉动。结果表明,叶片扩压器对叶轮有着强烈的冲击。     

带无叶扩压器离心压气机的稳定性分析

结合实验数据,采用数值模拟方法对某带无叶扩压器离心压气机的性能与稳定性进行了详细分析,比较了设计点与近失速点下无叶扩压器内部的流动特征．结果表明：在发生喘振瞬间,扩压器进口最先出现了压力崩溃;扩压器进口流动特别是轮盖侧流动是导致压气机失稳的重要因素,对扩压器进口逆叶轮旋转方向的轮盖侧啧蒸汽能够提高扩压器的稳定性．     

微型高速泵小流量工况空化特性数值分析

通过CFturbo与UG软件建立及优化模型,基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和Rayleigh-Plesset空化模型,利用CFX(计算流体力学)软件对微型高速离心泵进行数值模拟。通过小流量和不同进口总压工况,对叶轮进口段流动特性、叶片表面和叶轮流道的静压分布以及叶轮流道内空泡数分布3个方面进行流场分析。结果表明:流量对叶轮进口段回流影响较大;叶片前缘到后缘的压力逐渐增大,叶轮流道进口到出口的压力也逐渐增加;扬程系数陡降前的振动是叶轮空化不稳定引起的,随着空化系数的降低,空泡体积数逐渐占据整个叶轮流道,空泡分布也由不对称转变为对称结构;为微型高速泵的设计和研究提供了理论基础。     

导叶预旋角对叶轮_扩压器相干的影响

在不同进口导叶预旋角度下,采用非定常的方法对进口导叶/叶轮/扩压器3部件之间非定常相干进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果作比较。研究了进口导叶预旋角度对叶轮及扩压器内部流动及非定常性的影响,同时探讨了3部件之间动静相干的机理。结果表明,计算结果同实验结果吻合很好。在同等流量下,进口导叶的尾流和大尺寸涡团的非定常作用使得叶轮和扩压器上的非定常性减小,其变化弧度仅在原来的1/4左右。进口导叶为负预旋时,由进口导叶尾流所带来的非定常影响比进口导叶正预旋角度下小的多,但叶轮尾流及扩压器的势反冲效应所引起的非定常效应却较正预旋角度下有所增大。     

考虑进气预旋的离心压缩机流动的数值分析

对某单级离心压缩机内的流动进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明,扩压器内压力最大的位置出现在蜗舌附近;当进口无预旋或预旋不大时,叶轮内流动参数的周向分布和一周叶片的受力情况是不对称的;在进口大预旋条件下,除蜗舌附近的周向位置外,叶轮内流动参数和主叶片受力趋于周向对称分布.     

高压比离心压气机气动设计与分析

设计了单级总压比9.5、流量1.95 kg/s的离心压气机,该压气机分为叶轮、径向扩压器和轴向扩压器三个部分。叶轮初步设计采用自编程的方法,叶型使用了双分流叶片,通过软件Numeca对叶轮进行了数值模拟,分析了入口激波和出口射流尾迹等流动结构;从性能和流场细节两方面比较了三种形式的径向扩压器。结果发现,扩压器入口收缩可以抑制回流,楔形扩压器的扩压性能明显优于无叶扩压器。     

离心压气机优化设计与流场仿真分析

采用正问题设计方法设计了一个压比为4.2的离心压气机模型。根据压缩系统边界条件约束,首先进行了一维计算,获取叶轮的轮廓图,然后采用参数化建模方法建立了含分流叶片的三维模型,运用CFX软件对不同叶片稠度下的叶轮气动热力学进行了对比数值计算,分析叶轮内部流场及其性能,最终选定9叶片的叶轮为最佳方案。在扩压器的设计方面,提出了一种叶片高度逐渐增加的有叶扩压器模型,并使用CFX对设计的扩压器模型与普通的扩压器进行了数值计算,定量分析其扩压机理及其总压损失特性,计算结果表明所设计的扩压器扩压效果明显优于普通的扩压器。所得结果可为离心式压气机的气动设计提供理论参考。     

无叶扩压器中非定常流动的DMD模态分析

采用动力模态分解(DMD)对离心压气机无叶扩压器内的复杂流场进行分析,选取1.8kg/s设计工况和1.4kg/s非稳定工况下的非定常数值计算结果为基础数据,得到这2种工况下10%叶高平面上切向速度、径向速度的模态云图以及特征频率,评估了DMD方法分析离心压气机非定常流动特征的能力.对不同特征频率下的流场进行重构,直观深入地再现了无叶扩压器内部非定常流动的变化过程.结果表明:在小质量流量下,叶片扫描频率的影响效果虽然仍占据主导,但受到抑制;捕捉到失稳频率约为193Hz,失稳模态在扩压器内沿周向占据3个固定的位置交替波动,不稳定波动沿扩压器周向并不存在旋转.     

扩压器前缘开槽结构对离心鼓风机性能及流场压力脉动的影响

为提高离心鼓风机的气动性能,对一离心鼓风机扩压器叶片前缘前后盖板同时进行开槽处理,并采用数值模拟方法定量研究开槽结构对离心鼓风机气动性能及内部流场的影响。结果表明,具有开槽结构的扩压器进口回流与上游叶轮尾迹影响明显减小,其次一部分高速流体从开槽区域射入扩压器吸力面侧,并与主流掺混,从而加速了扩压器流道中后段的流动,抑制了叶片尾部的附面层分离。因此,在适宜的开槽参数下,开槽结构能提高离心鼓风机的总压升和效率。离心叶轮出口和叶片扩压器进口典型位置非定常压力脉动频域特性的结果表明:在开槽扩压器内部叶频的影响减小,而轴频起了主导作用,并发现开槽处理后,扩压器内部的压力脉动幅值明显减小,减小压力脉动的幅值在一定程度上能减弱离心鼓风机内的流动诱导噪声。     

离心压气机错排叶栅扩压器性能研究

依据叶片设计的基本理论,在原设计单列圆弧叶栅扩压器的基础上,根据相似准则设计了一种新型的双列错排叶栅扩压器;同时利用NACA叶型又设计了另一种双列错排叶栅扩压器。随后重点对三种扩压器与离心叶轮相连后的结构性能进行了详细的三维粘性数值模拟研究,并对流场中的压力、速度、极限流线和熵分布情况进行了全面的分析。研究结果表明：基于NACA叶型的双列错排叶栅扩压器可以更好地利用叶轮出口的动能,从而提高叶轮-扩压器结构的效率;但若叶栅的叶型设计不合理,则会使总压比降低,效率反而降低,即叶型对错排叶栅扩压器的性能影响较大。     

The change of the inlet geometry of a centrifugal compressor stage and its influence on the compressor performance

The impact on the compressor performance is important for designing the inlet pipe of the centrifugal compressor of a vehicle turbocharger with different inlet pipes. First, an experiment was performed to determine the compressor performance from three cases: a straight inlet pipe, a long bent inlet pipe and a short bent inlet pipe. Next, dynamic sensors were installed in key positions to collect the sign of the unsteady pressure of the centrifugal compressor. Combined with the results of numerical simulations, the total pressure distortion in the pipes, the pressure distributions on the blades and the pressure variability in the diffuser are studied in detail. The results can be summarized as follows: a bent pipe results in an inlet distortion to the compressor, which leads to performance degradation, and the effect is more apparent as the mass flow rate increases. The distortion induced by the bent inlet is not only influenced by the distance between the outlet of the bent section and the leading edge of the impeller but also by the impeller rotation. The flow fields in the centrifugal impeller and the diffuser are influenced by a coupling effect produced by the upstream inlet distortion and the downstream blocking effect from the volute tongue. If the inlet geometry is changed, the distributions and the fluctuation intensities of the static pressure on the main blade surface of the centrifugal impeller and in the diffuser are changed accordingly.     

Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Diffuser by Inserting Vortex Generators on an Unheated Side

The experimental investigation of heat transfer enhancement and flow analysis in a diffuser using vortex generators (VGs) is carried out. Two diffuser angles are examined. One and two VG pairs are considered. The velocity profile at the diffuser inlet is uniform and the flow is a developing one. The VGs are placed on the side opposite to the heated surface. It is observed that the heat transfer enhancement is more with the two pair case. The Reynolds number based on inlet velocity and diffuser length is in the range 2.3 to 3.6E05. The maximum enhancement is 62% at constant Reynolds number and 40% at constant dissipation. The enhancement increases with the angle of attack of the VG and decreases with the diffuser angle and with Reynolds number.     

Simulation of Moderator Flow and Temperature Inside Calandria of CANDU Reactor Using Artificial Compressibility Method

Numerical computations of moderator flows inside calandria of the typical CANDU-6 reactor are presented here. The numerical model is based on incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in artificial compressibility formulation with dual time-stepping approach for time-accurate computations. A high-resolution unstructured finite-volume scheme, based on the HLLC-AC Riemann solver for convective fluxes and central differencing type discretization for viscous fluxes, is used here. In order to simulate more realistic flow, the calandria tube matrix is considered directly, in contrast with the usual practice of indirect accounting of tube bundles through porosity modeling. The moderator flows are computed for different operating conditions. The nature of computed flow is found to be dependent on the relative balance between momentum and buoyancy forces as observed by Carlucci. A parametric study is also carried out to investigate the effect of moderator inlet diffuser location, moderator inlet flow velocity, and angle of moderator inlet diffuser. The inlet flow velocity and inlet diffuser location are found to have significant effect on flow features inside the calandria.     

Flow separation in a diverging conical duct: Effect of Reynolds number and divergence angle

Fluid flows in passages whose cross-sectional area increases in the streamwise direction are prone to separation. Here, the flow in a conical diffuser fed by a fully developed velocity at its inlet and mated at its downstream end to a long circular pipe is investigated by means of numerical simulation. A universal flow-regime model was used to accommodate possible laminarization of flows having moderate-turbulent and transitional Reynolds numbers at the diffuser inlet. It was found that flow separation occurred for a diffuser expansion angle of 5° for inlet Reynolds numbers less than about 2000. This finding invalidates a prior rule-of-thumb that flow separation first occurs at a divergence angle of seven degrees. Results from the 10 and 30° simulations showed separation at all investigated Reynolds numbers. The largest streamwise length of the separation zones occurred at the lower Reynolds numbers.     

Design and optimization of a single stage centrifugal compressor for a solar dish-Brayton system

According to the requirements of a solar dish-Brayton system,a centrifugal compressor stage with a minimum total pressure ratio of 5,an adiabatic efficiency above 75% and a surge margin more than 12% needs to be designed.A single stage,which consists of impeller,radial vaned diffuser,90° crossover and two rows of axial stators,was chosen to satisfy this system.To achieve the stage performance,an impeller with a 6:1 total pressure ratio and an adiabatic efficiency of 90% was designed and its preliminary geometry came from an in-house one-dimensional program.Radial vaned diffuser was applied downstream of the impeller.Two rows of axial stators after 90° crossover were added to guide the flow into axial direction.Since jet-wake flow,shockwave and boundary layer separation coexisted in the impeller-diffuser region,optimization on the radius ratio of radial diffuser vane inlet to impeller exit,diffuser vane inlet blade angle and number of diffuser vanes was carried out at design point.Finally,an optimized centrifugal compressor stage fulfilled the high expectations and presented proper performance.Numerical simulation showed that at design point the stage adiabatic efficiency was 79.93% and the total pressure ratio was 5.6.The surge margin was 15%.The performance map including 80%,90% and 100% design speed was also presented.     

非轴对称进气对燃气轮机压气机性能的影响

为了探索非轴对称进气对轴流压气机运行稳定性的影响,采用数值模拟与实验验证相结合的方式,对周向进气周向畸变、径向畸变对压气机稳定的影响进行了分析和比较;并对畸变与流动失稳的关联及诱发失稳的物理机制进行了研究;为提高压气机抗畸变的能力,在叶顶实施了微喷气措施,取得了明显的拓稳效果.     

Numerical investigation of effect of inlet swirl and total-pressure distortion on performance and stability of an axial transonic compressor

This paper represents numerical simulation of flow inside an axial transonic compressor subject to inlet flow distortion, to evaluate its effect on compressor performance and stability. Two types of inlet distortion, namely inlet swirl and total pressure distortion are investigated. To study the effect of combined distortion patterns, different combinations of inlet swirl and total pressure distortion are also studied. Results for cases with total pressure distortion indicate that hub radial distortion improves stability range of the compressor while tip radial distortion deteriorates it. An explanation for this observation is presented based on redistribution of flow parameters caused by distortion and the way it interacts with stall inception mechanisms in a transonic axial compressor. Results also show that while co-swirl patterns slightly improve stability range of the compressor, counter-swirl patterns diminish it. Study of combined distortion cases reveals that superimposition of effects of each individual pattern could predict the effect of a combined pattern on compressor’s performance within an accuracy of 1%. However, it is unable to predict the associated effect on compressor’s stability.     

PIV measurements of flows around the wind turbines with a flanged-diffuser shroud

The wind turbines with a flanged-diffuser shroud -so called ＂wind lens turbine＂- are developed as one of high performance wind turbines by Ohya et al. In order to investigate the flow characteristics and flow acceleration, the paper presents the flow velocity measurements of a long-type and a compact-type wind turbines with a flanged-diffuser shroud by particle image velocimetry. In the case of the long type wind turbine, the velocity vec- tors of the inner flow field of the diffuser for turbine blades rotating and no blades rotating are presented at Rey- nolds number, 0.9x105. Fur~thermore the flow fields between with and without rotating are compared. Through the PIV measurement results, one can realize that the turbine blades rotating affects as suppress the disturbance and the flow separation near the inner wall of the diffuser. The time average velocity vectors are made on the av- erage of the instantaneous velocity data. There are two large vortices in downstream region of the diffuser. One vortex behind the flange acts as suck in wind to the diffuser and raise the inlet flow velocity. Another large vortex appears in downstream. It might be act as blockage vortex of main flow. The large blockage vortex is not clear in the instantaneous velocity vectors, however it exists clearly in the time average flow field. The flow field around the wind turbine with a compact-type flanged-diffuser shroud is also investigated. The flow pattern behind the flange of the compact-type turbine is the same as the long-type one. It means that the effect of flow acceleration is caused by the unsteady vortices behind the flange. The comparison with CFD and PIV results of meridional time-average streamlines after the compact-type diffuser is also presented.     

An experimental description of the flow in a centrifugal compressor from alternate stall to surge

The present paper gives the experimental results obtained in a centrifugal compressor stage designed and built by SAFRAN Helicopter Engines.The compressor is composed of inlet guide vanes,a backswept splittered unshrouded impeller,a splittered vaned radial diffuser and axial outlet guide vanes.Previous numerical simulations revealed a particular S-shape pressure rise characteristic at partial rotation speed and predicted an alternate flow pattern in the vaned radial diffuser at low mass flow rate.This alternate flow pattern involves two adjacent vane passages.One passage exhibits very low momentum and a low pressure recovery,whereas the adjacent passage has very high momentum in the passage inlet and diffuses efficiently.Experimental measurements confirm the S-shape of the pressure rise characteristic even if the stability limit experimentally occurs at higher mass flow than numerically predicted.At low mass flow the alternate stall pattern is confirmed thanks to the data obtained by high-frequency pressure sensors.As the compressor is throttled the path to instability has been registered and a first scenario of the surge inception is given.The compressor first experiences a steady alternate stall in the diffuser.As the mass flow decreases,the alternate stall amplifies and triggers the mild surge in the vaned diffuser.An unsteady behavior results from the interaction of the alternate stall and the mild surge.Finally,when the pressure gradient becomes too strong,the alternate stall blows away and the compressor enters into deep surge.