基于多种模型集成学习的制冷系统故障诊断

制冷系统故障可由多种模型进行模拟诊断。为了提高其诊断性能,将包括K近邻模型(KNN)、支持向量机(SVM)、决策树模型(DT)、随机森林模型(RF)及逻辑斯谛回归模型(LR)在内的5种成员诊断器,通过绝对多数投票方法集成为一个集成模型,并采用美国采暖、制冷与空调工程师学会(ASHRAE)故障数据对1台90冷吨的离心式冷水机组进行建模及验证,数据包含制冷系统的7类典型故障及一类正常运行。结果表明:集成模型在所选数据集上总体诊断正确率达到99.58%,较各成员诊断器(94.55%～99.05%)均有显著提升,对正常运行、局部故障及全局故障的诊断性能亦有改善。此外,对比分析了不同集成模型及成员诊断器的诊断性能,从中找到诊断正确率与时间成本最佳的集成模型(99.41%,1.34 s)。可见,集成模型较单一模型性能更佳,在制冷系统故障诊断中具有更好的应用前景。     

基于MATLAB的集成神经网络在给水泵故障诊断中的应用

针对大型火电站电动给水泵常见的振动故障,采用基于MATLAB的集成神经网络对给水泵的振动故障进行诊断。从单个神经网络开始,从信息融合的角度建立了集成神经网络故障诊断方法,探讨集成神经网络的实现策略和组建原则,并给出给水泵振动故障诊断的实例,证明该诊断方法提高了故障确诊率。     

电力系统配网业务资产网格化自动集成方法

目前电力系统配网业务资产处理时,无法对业务资产进行规划处理,导致方法在集成过程中存在匹配正确率低和集成效率低的问题。为此,提出了一种电力系统配网业务资产网格化自动集成方法。通过系统动力学模型获取影响资产集成的相关因素。在网格化信息熵理论的基础上,计算了网格综合状态和投入分配权重。根据计算结果建立电力系统配网业务资产网格化规划模型,结合公用信息模型CIM和REST架构完成业务资产的自动集成处理。实验结果表明,所提方法的匹配正确率高于80%,信息集成时间平均小于20 s,集成召回率高于90%。     

建筑物能量系统多层次集成建模的探讨

针对暖通空调设计中存在的几个问题,由浅入深地分析了建筑物复合能量系统的三种结构,不提出建筑物能量系统中六种流结构模型,在此基础上,结合多层次集成模型的分析思路和框图,最后对并行工程在集成建模策略中的指导作用及其实现方法做了讨论。     

集成数控（INC）系统模式研究及实践

本文提出了在计算机集成制造系统环境下的计算机直接数控系统的新模式一集成数控。认为数控加工技术已从单一数控编程发展为网络型ＣＡＤ／ＮＣ一体化，重点在数控模型，数控工艺，数控程序的集成管理与机床的接口技术。本文以杭州汽轮机厂集成数控系统为例，具体阐述了ＩＮＣ模式。     

基于集成学习的涡扇发动机剩余寿命预测模型

为了解决涡扇发动机的监测数据维数高、时间跨度长、给预测发动机剩余使用寿命带来困难的问题。本文提出了一种基于集成神经网络模型的发动机寿命预测系统,采用集成学习中的Stacking方法对单一的学习器进行集成来预测涡扇发动机的剩余使用寿命(RUL)。模型在NASA公共数据集C-MAPSS(Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation)上进行了发动机寿命预测实验验证,并与常用的机器学习方法和单一神经网络进行了比较。实验结果表明：模型在多种评价方法上综合表现最佳,且在超前预测上表现良好。     

建设项目n维编码体系集成模型研究

分析了建设项目集成化管理中信息传递存在的问题,考虑不同管理领域将产生不同的信息分解体系约束,建立了n维编码体系集成模型.通过建立各体系之间的关系映射,集成各类信息,便于项目高层管理人更的决策分析.通过算例分析,验证了该模型的可操作性.     

基于Stacking算法集成模型的电厂NOx排放预测

提出一种基于Stacking算法集成模型的NO_x排放预测方法。考虑不同算法的训练机理和观测角度,将门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit, GRU)、XGBoost(eXtreme gradient boosting)和随机森林(random forest, RF)等多个学习能力强、差异度大的模型进行融合,得到一个具有两层结构的集成模型,通过弹性网(elastic network, EN)克服DCS采集的数据集内存在的共线性和群组效应,然后构造特征变量作为集成模型的输入。以某电厂的历史运行数据进行测试,结果表明Stacking集成模型的预测均方误差为6.945 mg/m~3,相比单模型降低了13.350%～52.186%,根据其准确的预测结果可以更好的调整设备运行参数,保证排放的污染物浓度控制在合适的范围内。     

基于异构粗糙神经网络集成的故障诊断研究

将粗糙集与神经网络集成相结合,提出一种基于异构粗糙神经网络集成进行故障检测的方法。首先利用粗糙集的属性约简能力,从给定数据集中去除冗余信息;然后基于负相关学习理论构造多个异构成员神经网络,最后组合多个训练好的异构神经网络进行故障诊断。该方法不仅显著提高了神经网络的泛化能力,而且无需预先确定神经网络的拓扑结构,简单易用。设计了四种不同的诊断器在柴油机供油系统的标准样本集上进行的诊断测试实验,结果表明,基于异构粗糙神经网络集成的故障诊断方法具有最好的诊断正确率。     

缸盖的多模型建模及其CAD/CAM/CAE集成技术研究

建立统一的产品定义模型,是实现ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ／ＣＡＥ集成的关键,在分析了传统的缸盖开发技术的基础上,提出了一种统一的产品模型定义技术即多模型技术,并利用这一技术对缸盖进行了建模,给出了缸盖的多模型三维实体结构和缸盖开发全过程基于多模型技术的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ／ＣＡＥ集成方案。利用论中的技术,新产品从概念设计到市场只需１０个月的时间。     

Targeting cogeneration and waste utilization through process integration

In this paper we focus on energy flows and specifically on the complex interactions between heat and power generation and use in steam systems along with combustible wastes of the process. Our objective is to present a systematic methodology for the quick targeting of power cogeneration potential in steam systems ahead of designing the power generation network. The devised approach makes effective utilization of combustible wastes and reconciles the use and dispatch of process fuel sources, heating and non-heating uses of steam, and power generation. The new concept of extractable energy is introduced to facilitate a simple calculation of cogeneration potential in the process. Balances around steam headers are used to identify surpluses and deficits. Next, surplus and deficit composite curves are constructed to identify feasible transfers of extractable energy. The result is the identification of the cogeneration target and excess steam that can be used in condensing turbines. This methodology takes a holistic view of the process and can easily be combined with other mass and energy integration techniques. It specifically accommodates both (a) production objectives (mass integration) and (b) heat recovery network targeting and utility selection (energy integration). An example problem is presented to illustrate the methodology.     

Vertical integration and market power: A model-based analysis of restructuring in the Korean electricity market

An agent-based simulation model is developed using computational learning to investigate the impact of vertical integration between electricity generators and retailers on market power in a competitive wholesale market setting. It is observed that if partial vertical integration creates some market foreclosure, whether this leads to an increase or decrease in market power is situation specific. A detailed application to the Korean market structure reveals this to be the case. We find that in various cases, whilst vertical integration generally reduces spot prices, it can increase or decrease the market power of other market generators, depending upon the market share and the technology segment of the market, which is integrated, as well as the market concentrations before and after the integration.     

以系统集成促进能源产业链差异化发展

运用"系统集成"的思路和方法有助于促进企业产业链的差异化发展。系统集成通过不同技术和过程的耦合匹配,使系统的总体性能提高,实现向"系统"要资源、要效益,实现"1+1>2"的效果。本文通过具体案例展示了系统集成的表现方面,包括资源集成、过程集成、供需集成以及在整体产业链范围内系统优化的重要性,从制度和技术两方面提出了系统集成的保障措施,并从技术角度指出了系统集成的实施步骤。     

Electricity market design for facilitating the integration of wind energy: Experience and prospects with the Australian National Electricity Market

Australia has been an early and enthusiastic adopter of both electricity industry restructuring and market-based environmental regulation. The Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) was established in 1999 and Australia also implemented one of the world's first renewable energy target schemes in 2001. With significant recent growth in wind generation, Australia provides an interesting case for assessing different approaches to facilitating wind integration into the electricity industry. Wind project developers in Australia must assess both potential energy market and Tradeable Green Certificate income streams when making investments. Wind-farm energy income depends on the match of its uncertain time varying output with the regional half hourly market price; a price that exhibits daily, weekly and seasonal patterns and considerable uncertainty. Such price signals assist in driving investments that maximize project value to the electricity industry as a whole, including integration costs and benefits for other participants. Recent NEM rule changes will formally integrate wind generation in the market's scheduling processes while a centralized wind forecasting system has also been introduced. This paper outlines experience to date with wind integration in the NEM, describes the evolution of market rules in response and assesses their possible implications for facilitating high future wind penetrations.     

机务段信息化建设——企业应用集成

通过对机务段信息化现状分析，针对南京东机务段企业应用集成的难点和技术关键，建议采用表示集成、数据集成和功能集成3种基本方法，采用J2EE作为机务段企业应用集成平台，建立以机车质量信息、运输管理、统计分析为核心的机务综合信息分析平台和以机务段OMIS（办公系统）为基础的办公信息平台，形成覆盖机务管理各方面的综合信息系统，解决机务段信息孤岛、资源共享、系统维护管理、不同流程的跨接问题，并为决策者提供信息化支持。     

Indirect thermal integration for batch processes

Rigorous algorithms to target the minimum utility requirements for single as well as cyclic batch processes are proposed in this paper. Practically, heat integration between two different time intervals requires indirect integration through intermediate fluid. Targets, calculated via proposed methodology, account for indirect thermal integration in batch process. The proposed methodology overcomes limitations of existing methodologies and guarantees the optimality as it is proved to be optimum using rigorous mathematical arguments. This methodology is applicable to any fixed-scheduled batch process. Applicability of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through illustrative examples. In one of the illustrative examples, a reduction of 18.7% and 16.4% (in comparison to time slice model) is observed in hot and cold utility requirements, respectively.     

将情报概念引入档案管理系统的一点思考

为开拓档案工作的新领域,通过对国内外档案管理的分析入手,探讨了档案的价值与作用,重点对档案的情报价值作了初步研究。发现在文档管理工作中,引入"档案、情报一体化"的概念可行有效,是企业提升核心竞争力的关键因素之一。结合自身对档案管理的经验,寻求实现档案、情报一体化的可靠途径。最后结合实际,探讨了对未来档案工作的展望及设想。     

Impacts of large amounts of wind power on design and operation of power systems,results of IEA collaboration

There are dozens of studies made and ongoing related to wind integration. However, the results are not easy to compare. IEA WIND R&D Task 25 on ‘Design and Operation of Power Systems with Large Amounts of Wind Power’ collects and shares information on wind generation impacts on power systems, with analyses and guidelines on methodologies. In the state‐of‐the‐art report (October, 2007), and the final report of the 3 years period (July, 2009) the most relevant wind power grid integration studies have been analysed especially regarding methodologies and input data. Several issues that impact on the amount of wind power that can be integrated have been identified. Large balancing areas and aggregation benefits of wide areas help in reducing the variability and forecast errors of wind power as well as help in pooling more cost effective balancing resources. System operation and functioning electricity markets at less than day‐ahead time scales help reduce forecast errors of wind power. Transmission is the key to aggregation benefits, electricity markets and larger balancing areas. Best practices in wind integration studies are described. There is also benefit when adding wind power to power systems: it reduces the total operating costs and emissions as wind replaces fossil fuels and this should be highlighted more in future studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conceptual design of the HCCB blanket system integration for CFETR

In a fusion power plant, the integration of the blanket system in the design progress is of vital importance to address the fundamental function of sufficient tritium production, reliable nuclear heat extraction, and permanent components protection due to the complex assembling systems into the tokamak vessel. Some progress activities of the blanket system design and integration for China fusion engineering test reactor (CFETR) are developed. The integration work involves the design of the breeding blanket, back plate support, shielding blanket, and supporting structures. To guarantee normal operation of the reactor, the design and arrangement of cooling pipes are very critical. The layout of the complex cooling pipes inside the blanket system is designed and integrated. Interfaces between main connecting components are designed for blanket system integration. In this work, the U‐shaped HCCB blanket is utilized as the adaption breeding module into the integrated blanket system. The three‐dimensional (3D) neutronic analyses verified that the integrated design of the blanket system could well meet the requirements of tritium self‐sufficiency and neutron shielding. The nuclear heat generation of main components in the reactor is obtained with a nuclear energy multiplication factor of 1.35. The primary principle during the integration is to accommodate all the components allocated on the vacuum vessel. This work is the preliminary integration design and validation for CFETR blanket system, and further detailed design will be performed around these obtained references for better fusion feasibility and performance in the next‐step design stage.     

Integration of solar thermal for improved energy efficiency in low-temperature-pinch industrial processes

Solar thermal systems have the potential to provide renewable industrial process heat and are especially suited for low pinch temperature processes such as those in the food, beverage, and textile sectors. When correctly integrated within an industrial process, they can provide significant progress towards both increased energy efficiency and reduction in emissions. However, the integration of renewable solar energy into industrial processes presents a challenge for existing process integration techniques due to the non-continuous nature of the supply. A thorough pinch analysis study of the industrial process, taking in to account non-continuous operating rates, should be performed to evaluate the utility demand profile. Solar collector efficiency data under variable climatic conditions should also be collected for the specific site. A systematic method of combining this information leads to improved design and an optimal operating strategy. This approach has been applied to a New Zealand milk powder plant and benefits of several integration strategies, including mass integration, are investigated. The appropriate placement of the solar heat is analogous to the placement of a hot utility source and an energy penalty will be incurred when the solar thermal system provides heat below the pinch temperature.