稳态湍流非预混燃烧的小火焰模拟

以甲烷/空气的湍流射流非预混燃烧为对象,建立二维稳态湍流非预混火焰的小火焰模型.利用湍流流动模型和小火焰模型耦合求解,计算出速度、混合分数、温度以及反应标量的摩尔分数在燃烧室内的分布,模拟结果表明小火焰模型能够用来描述燃烧室内燃烧机理.     

柴油/空气湍流扩散燃烧的一个小火焰模型

本文将小火焰（flamelet）理论应用于分析柴油/空气湍流扩散燃烧的小火焰结构,以正十二烷同空气的一步反应为基础,建立柴油机燃烧的Flamelet模型,利用数值方法求出了柴油机湍流扩散燃烧的Flamelet结构.并采用假定PDF的方法,选取截尾式高斯分布的概率密度分布函数,将其与Flamelet结构相结合,求得燃烧过程中各参数的时均值,分析得出湍流脉动和非平衡作用对燃烧过程的影响.     

甲烷/空气湍流扩散燃烧的小火焰模拟

以甲烷/空气的湍流射流扩散燃烧为基础,对通用的反应标量方程在火焰面上进行坐标变换,建立二维稳态湍流扩散火焰的小火焰模型。利用湍流流动模型、甲烷/空气半详细化学反应机理和小火焰模型耦合求解,分别计算出过量空气系数为1.2和1.4的速度在燃烧室内的分布状况以及混合分数、温度和组分的径向分布,模拟结果表明小火焰模型能够用来描述燃烧室内燃烧机理。     

基于动态增厚火焰模型三维全可压缩非预混燃烧的大涡摸拟

利用动态增厚火焰模型对斯坦福大学甲烷/空气燃烧器非预混火焰进行了三维全可压缩大涡模拟,其中湍流亚网格模型采用Smagorinsky-WALE 模型,反应机理采用甲烷四步简化机理.将计算结果与层流小火焰模型及实验值进行比较发现:在进口附近的区域,动态增厚火焰模型的预测结果与实验非常吻合,但在远离进口区域,预测的混合作用大于实验值;动态增厚火焰模型的预测效果与层流小火焰模型相当.     

直喷式柴油发动机主要污染物的仿真及实验

为计算直喷式柴油机的主要污染物——碳烟和氮氧化物，提出了RIF计算模型。此小火焰计算模型是通过引入理想混和比分数空间坐标系，将通常坐标系下的组元方程转化到混和比分数空间坐标系下，得出新的组元扩散方程。同时将小火焰计算模型与对流体动力学程序（KIVA-3V）相结合，增加并修改原有计算模块，将湍流喷雾运动和湍流燃烧运动有机分开，计算出直喷式柴油机湍流燃烧后生成的碳烟和氮氧化物，最后通过实验检验了该计算模型。     

湍流扩散火焰中对基于混合分数的湍流燃烧模型的数值研究

根据条件矩模型(CMC)和小火焰面模型在模型构建上的相似,针对具有不同大小雷诺数和湍流-化学相互作用特性的非预混湍流射流火焰,对这两种模型进行了数值研究和比较.湍流燃烧模型采用Lagrangian型非稳态小火焰模型(LFM)和径向加权积分的CMC模型,而在H2/N2火焰的数值研究中还考虑了稳态小火焰模型的数值模拟结果....     

钝体燃烧的数值模拟

钝体燃烧模拟考虑湍流和燃烧相互耦合。在标准κ-ε两方程模型下分别采用非预混燃烧模型中化学平衡、稳态小火焰和瞬态小火焰模型,研究不同燃烧模型对组分、温度场以及流场分布的影响。数值模拟结果表明,上述燃烧模型模拟的结果与前人研究成果存在不同程度的差异,稳态小火焰模型优于其它模型,但模拟该燃烧器的燃烧模型尚需进一步完善。     

高速直喷柴油机燃烧室形状与喷孔结构匹配规律的三维仿真研究

对某高速直喷柴油机的燃烧过程进行了多维仿真计算,研究了燃烧室形状和喷孔结构参数之间的匹配规律.通过变参数研究确定了燃烧室形状和喷孔结构参数之间的匹配规律.为了定量描述燃烧过程中燃油雾化、液体蒸发、油气混合的特性,建立了缸内平均湍流混合速率、燃油蒸气质量分数方差的中间特征参数,同时详细分析了不同当量比油气混合气在燃烧过程中的贡献率.从燃烧的宏观和微观角度综合分析了柴油机燃烧室形状与喷孔结构间的耦合作用机制.结果表明,对于所研究的机型,0.64口径比燃烧室匹配10孔喷油器的方案最优:预混过程好,燃烧速度快,后期扩散燃烧阶段过稀和过浓混合气参与燃烧的比例较小且预混与扩散燃烧放热情况差别小,放热情况更均匀.     

双尺度小火焰模型预测混合层火焰中PAHs的生成

本文验证了双尺度过程变量小火焰方法在层流混合层火焰中的适用性,该方法通过增加额外的过程变量C_(PAHs)来提高传统过程变量小火焰方法对多环芳烃的预测能力。通过与直接数值模拟结果的先验和后验对比,证明了该方法的优越性。在后验验证中,由于对过程变量C_(PAHs)源项的偏低预测继而导致了对多环芳烃组分峰值的预测偏低。通过分析直接数值模拟结果中的小火焰分支,推测过程变量C_(PAHs)源项的偏低预测是小火焰的多维性造成的。     

在定容燃烧弹中湍流特征参数对预混燃烧的影响

:给出在定容燃烧弹中火花点燃 CH4-空气充量进行湍流预混合燃烧的试验结果并进行了分析 ,得到一些有价值的结论 :如在火核起始发展期中存在一个最小火焰传播速度 ,此时的火核半径与湍流积分长度标尺大致相等 ,增加湍流强度 (u <1 .8m/s) ,瞬时燃烧率增加 ,燃烧持续期缩短 ,相对缓燃期增加 ,相对主燃期缩短 ,这是组织湍流可以提高火花点火发动机热效率的主要原因。此外本文还给出不同间隙的失火率并指出减少火核向电极传热是减少失火率的主要措施     

Modelling of hydrogen-blended dual-fuel combustion using flamelet-generated manifold and preferential diffusion effects

In the present study, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations together with a novel flamelet generated manifold (FGM) hybrid combustion model incorporating preferential diffusion effects is utilised for the investigation of a hydrogen-blended diesel-hydrogen dual-fuel engine combustion process with high hydrogen energy share. The FGM hybrid combustion model was developed by coupling laminar flamelet databases obtained from diffusion flamelets and premixed flamelets. The model employed three control variables, namely, mixture fraction, reaction progress variable and enthalpy. The preferential diffusion effects were included in the laminar flamelet calculations and in the diffusion terms in the transport equations of the control variables. The resulting model is then validated against an experimental diesel-hydrogen dual-fuel combustion engine. The results show that the FGM hybrid combustion model incorporating preferential diffusion effects in the flame chemistry and transport equations yields better predictions with good accuracy for the in-cylinder characteristics. The inclusion of preferential diffusion effects in the flame chemistry and transport equations was found to predict well several characteristics of the diesel-hydrogen dual-fuel combustion process: 1) ignition delay, 2) start and end of combustion, 3) faster flame propagation and quicker burning rate of hydrogen, 4) high temperature combustion due to highly reactive nature of hydrogen radicals, 5) peak values of the heat release rate due to high temperature combustion of the partially premixed pilot fuel spray with entrained hydrogen/air and then background hydrogen-air premixed mixture. The comparison between diesel-hydrogen dual-fuel combustion and diesel only combustion shows early start of combustion, longer ignition delay time, higher flame temperature and NOx emissions for dual-fuel combustion compared to diesel only combustion.     

Spatial combustion analysis of biodiesel fueled engine using combustion chamber endoscopy and modeling

Main objective of this study was to demonstrate endoscopic visualization of combustion events in the combustion chamber of a production grade compression ignition (CI) engine. High speed endoscopic imaging was used to provide qualitative information about the in–cylinder combustion for mineral diesel and biodiesel fueled engine operating at different engine loads. These images were analyzed using image processing program developed in MATLAB, in order to determine the ‘start of combustion’ (SoC), ‘spatial soot distribution’ and ‘spatial flame temperature distribution’. In–cylinder pressure and rate of heat release (RoHR) were validated using simulation results obtained by using a KIVA-3V code. The luminosity of flames in the combustion images was relatively lower for biodiesel compared to baseline diesel. Area of soot distribution decreased in later stages of combustion for both test fuels, which indicated superior oxidation of soot particles formed, during the post combustion events. Biodiesel showed relatively lower dissipation of heat, which caused lower soot radiations in the flames. Simulated soot distribution and flame temperature distribution obtained from KIVA-3V code also showed similar behavior and verified the trends observed by combustion chamber endoscopy.     

柴油/天然气发动机燃烧系统协同优化方法

采用KIVA-3V软件耦合多目标遗传优化算法NSGA-3,开展了柴油/天然气双燃料发动机的引燃柴油喷射参数、运行参数和燃烧室结构参数的协同优化研究.将湍流火焰速度封闭模型(TFSC)与PaSR燃烧模型耦合,建立柴油/天然气双燃料发动机复合燃烧模型.结果表明:复合燃烧模型能较好地模拟柴油/天然气发动机的燃烧过程;采用KIVA3V-NSGA3程序进行了双燃料发动机运行参数、喷射参数等多目标参数的协同优化;多目标参数优化结果的数据对比分析揭示了设计参数对目标参数的影响规律;涡流比和喷射参数的变化会对燃烧室内温度、NOx和CH4的分布产生较大影响.     

二甲醚发动机湍流燃烧模型的研究

根据二甲醚发动机燃烧过程的特点，提出一种湍流燃烧模型。该模型在传统化学动力学模型的基础上，增加了拟序火焰片湍流燃烧模型以考虑湍流对燃烧的促进作用。数值模拟表明，二甲醚在发动机中油束贯穿度比柴油短；油孔附近的油束上边缘处具有合适的燃料浓度和较高温度，最先发生自燃；在扩散燃烧时燃料与空气混合速度慢，燃烧速度慢，持续时间长。计算结果与试验观察基本相符。     

生物柴油混合燃料在柴油机中燃烧数值模拟计算

以K IVA-3为计算平台,计算了生物柴油和柴油混合燃料的燃烧过程,并将结果与柴油的燃烧计算结果进行分析比较。结果表明：混合燃料的燃烧效果与纯柴油相似,NO排放没有明显升高,可以作为柴油的替代燃料使用。     

Simulating low temperature diesel combustion with improved spray models

Current spray models based on the Lagrangian-droplet and Eulerian-fluid (LDEF) method in the KIVA-3V code are strongly mesh dependent due to errors in predicting the droplet–gas relative velocity and errors in describing droplet–droplet collision and coalescence processes. To reduce the mesh dependence, gas-jet theory is introduced to predict the droplet–gas relative velocity, and a radius of influence (ROI) of collision methodology is established for each gas phase cell to estimate the collision probability for each parcel in the cell. Spray and combustion processes in a low temperature combustion diesel engine under early and late injection strategies with a fine mesh were predicted using the conventional LDEF model and compared with the measurements of soot, OH, fuel liquid and vapor distributions obtained by laser based diagnostics including, PLIF, LII, and Mie scattering. Then, the KIVA-3V code implemented with the improved spray model based on the gas-jet model and modifications of the spray models was utilized to simulate the processes on a relatively coarse numerical mesh. Comparison of the simulations between the fine and coarse meshes shows that the improved spray model can greatly reduce the mesh dependence for low temperature combustion diesel engine CFD simulations.