某重型燃气轮机喷嘴组流量特性试验研究

概述了在研的某重型燃气轮机喷嘴组油路的流量特性试验研究结果.通过构件及喷嘴组试验,确定了喷嘴组各流道尺寸,获得了喷嘴组Ⅰ、Ⅱ路共同供油时流量相互干扰的定量关系,获得了由于焊接等因素导致流量减小的定量关系.以试验数据为依据的喷嘴组通过了单管燃烧试验,各项指标均达设计标准.证明了该试验设备及试验方法的实用性、可行性和可靠性,试验数据为该喷嘴组的设计改型提供了可靠的依据.     

全流道式平板型太阳能集热器的试验研究与模拟分析

以全流道式平板型太阳能集热器为研究对象,首先进行了集热性能试验测试,在此基础上,利用CFD技术对不同排管管径全流道吸热板内传热介质的流动与传热进行模拟。试验结果表明,全流道集热器集热性能好、保温性能优,最高瞬时集热效率可达86.1%,热损失系数仅为4.179 W/(m~2·℃);与有关国家标准比较,最高瞬时集热效率高14.1%,热损失系数低1.82 W/(m~2·℃)。模拟结果表明:全流道板芯在增大流体传热接触面积的同时产生了横向导流作用,使各排管间流体流量分布更为均衡;全流道板芯热阻小,壁面上热流分布均匀,有效地增大了板芯的对流换热。     

叶片进口边位置对小流量工况下离心泵空化特性的影响

为研究叶片进口位置对小流量工况下离心泵空化性能的影响,应用数值计算方法模拟了比转数为81的离心泵的三种模型,得到不同进口边位置的离心泵空化特性,并分析了叶轮内部流场与空化性能曲线的影响关系。结果表明,在小流量工况下,低比转速离心泵叶片进口边位置越靠前,抗空化性能较好,但严重空化后扬程衰减更快,流道直接被空泡堵塞,流道和叶片表面气泡分布较均匀,且气泡充斥流道速度较快,气泡体积分数各流道差值越小。相比较而言,叶片进口位置越靠后,气泡在流道内部和叶片背面分布不均匀,易出现噪声和振动,但在断裂空化状态,气泡并未完全堵塞流道,扬程下降速度较慢。整体来看,在小流量工况下,叶片进口边位置越靠前,离心泵的抗空化性能较好,并通过试验研究验证了模拟结果的可靠性。研究成果可为小流量工况下低比转速离心泵抗空化性能的优化提供参考。     

多流程板壳式换热器流量分布特性的模拟与优化

以多流程板壳式换热器为研究对象,建立了板程与壳程的物理模型并进行数值模拟,分析了流速、流道数对流量分布特性的影响及流量分布特性对传热效率、压降的影响。通过增大导孔直径和改变入口角度对板程进行了优化,通过设置双入口和增加挡板对壳程进行了优化。研究表明:多流程板壳式换热器的板程与壳程均存在严重的流量分布不均匀现象,且板程要比壳程更为严重,不均匀性会随流速和流道数的增大而增大,并导致板程传热效率下降6%～14%、壳程下降2%～5%,且均造成压降的增大;增大导孔直径和改变入口角度均有利于板程流量的均匀分布,但效果有限,双入口模式可以很好地改善壳程流量分布的不均匀性,而添加挡板虽使不均匀性降低,但是造成了压降的增大。     

摆线内啮合转子式输油泵的设计与试验

介绍了一种输油泵的主要技术指标的确定方法.根据输油泵的的计算校核.通过输油泵性能测试,对试验数据应用线性回归方法分析,确定回归方程,对输油泵流量进行预测.     

汽轮机组热耗率指标计算基准流量筛选方法

汽轮机常规性能试验时,一般不额外加装流量测量装置,多直接使用现场流量测量装置。由于现场流量测量装置准确性未知,经常会出现采用不同基准流量计算所得的热耗率指标结果迥异的现象,困扰着试验人员对机组性能的评价。引入冗余流量测量、耗差分析等机组附加信息,提出了热耗率指标计算基准流量的筛选方法。通过对实际机组的计算,证明了方法的有效性。     

多管型套管式换热器传热与流阻性能试验研究

多管型套管式换热器是在大尺寸外管的内部布置多根内管所构成的换热设备 ,与单根内管的套管式换热器相比 ,流量大幅增加 ,选用螺纹内管和管间折流板可以强化传热。对于多管型套管式换热器的传热性能试验 ,采用修正威尔逊法进行试验计算 ,得出了两种多管型套管式换热器的传热与流动阻力性能试验结果。     

全钒液流电池中蛇型和插指型流道的对比北大核心CSCD

全钒液流电池因具有优异的安全性和超长的循环寿命,使其在规模储能领域具有广阔的应用前景。但钒电池较高的储能成本限制了它的规模化发展,大幅提高其功率密度进而降低储能成本是实现钒电池商业化的有效途径。流场是影响钒电池功率密度的关键部件之一,匹配的流场能够有效改善钒电池在高倍率放电时的浓差极化,从而实现较高的功率密度。但目前关于不同流场性能优劣的研究结论却存在较大分歧,严重影响了它们的工程化应用。本工作针对钒电池中最为常用的蛇型和插指型流道,通过仿真和实验相结合的方式系统地研究了比流量、流场尺寸对传质及电池性能的影响规律,并揭示了这两种流场在不同工况下得出不同甚至相反结论的根本原因。结果显示,在相同比流量下,电解液在蛇型流道电极内的流速远大于插指型流道,所以在低比流量下蛇型流道的性能明显好于插指型流道;增加比流量或提高流场尺寸均可提升电池的性能,由于插指型流道的临界流量大于蛇型流道,所以插指型流道性能的提升幅度明显大于蛇型流道,进而导致两种流场间的性能差异会随着比流量和流场尺寸的增加逐渐减小甚至出现性能反转。本工作不仅加深了对钒电池流场结构及其传质过程的认识,也为流场的工程化应用提供了依据和方向。     

平行流蒸发器内气液两相流分配均匀性实验研究

平行流蒸发器内气液两相(特别是液相)在各扁管间的分配对其传热性能影响较大,如果各扁管间的气液分配不均匀其传热性能将显著地下降.在不同气-液流量下实验研究了6种不同形式的平行流蒸发器的分支管液体流量分配情况,实验中观察到流型以环状流为主.研究发现,对于竖直向下流动和竖直向上流动,用通过增加管径的方法不能改善液体流量在各分支管的分配,而主管中气液入口的位置对于流量分配均匀性影响较大.     

多套型套管式换热器传热与流阻性能试验研究

多管型套管式换热器是在大尺寸外管的内部布置多根仙管所构成的换热设备，与单根内管的套管式换热器相比，流量大幅增加，选用螺纹内管和管间折流板可以强化传热。对于多管型套管式换热器的传热性能试验，采用修正威尔逊法进行试验计算，得出了两种多套型套管式换热器的传热与流动阻力性能试验结果。     

The impact of flow field pattern on concentration and performance in PEMFC

In this study, we present a rigorous mathematical model, to treat prediction and analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells gas concentration and current density distribution in mass transfer area and chemical reaction area performed in 3‐D geometry. The model is based on the solution of the conservation equations of mass, momentum, species, and electric current in a fully integrated finite‐volume solver using the CFDRC commercial code. The influences of fuel cell performance with two kinds of flow channel pattern design are studied. The gas concentration of the straight flow pattern appears excessively non‐uniform, resulting in a local concentration polarization. On the other hand, the gas concentration is well distributed for the serpentine flow pattern, creating a better mass transfer phenomena. The performance curves (polarization curves) are also well correlated with experimental data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mass transfer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells with baffled flow channels and a porous‐blocked baffled flow channel design

In proton exchange membrane fuel cells, baffled flow channels enhance the reactant transfer from flow channels to gas diffusion layers. However, the reactant transfer depends on both the diffusive transfer and convective transfer, and how the baffles in flow channels affect them is still unknown. Therefore, in this work, a two‐dimensional, two‐phase, nonisothermal, and steady‐state model of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is developed, and these two transfer processes from flow channels to gas diffusion layers are comparatively studied. Simulation results show that first of all, the reactant transfer from flow channels to gas diffusion layers mainly depends on the diffusive transfer. Therefore, if the desire is to enhance the mass transfer from flow channels to gas diffusion layers, the diffusive mass transfer should be enhanced firstly. Being guided by this goal, a porous‐blocked baffled flow channel is developed. This flow channel design can further enhance the reactant transfer from flow channels to gas diffusion layers, and the cell performance can be improved. Moreover, when the porosities of porous blocks at the front place of flow channels are lower, the cell power is also increased but the pumping power can be reduced a lot.     

A silicon‐based micro direct methanol fuel cell stack with a serial flow path design

A 6‐cell silicon‐based micro direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) stack utilized the serial flow path design was developed. The effect of the structure of flow path on the performance of the stack was investigated using polarization characterization and electrochemical impedance analysis. Further, the voltage distribution for individual cells under different current density was discussed. The results indicated that the μDMFC stack with the serial flow path design exhibited better performance than that utilized the parallel flow path due to uniform mass transfer of methanol as a result of the use of the serial flow path. Such a μDMFC stack generates a peak output power of ca. 187 mW, corresponding to an average power density of ca. 21.7 mWcm^‐2, and exhibits a steady‐state power output for more than 100 h. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于正交试验的涡流发生器传热特性结构数值分析

为进一步提高管壳式换热器壳程换热效率,设计了一种布置于壳程肋片上的仿生鸟喙式涡流发生器。采用ANSYS FLUENT软件结合田口正交试验模拟了矩形通道中鸟喙式涡流发生器的传热特性,分析了纵向高度、斜截角度、迎流攻角、入口距离、流向间距5种结构参数对强化传热和综合热性能的贡献率及最佳结构组合。流动通道为长方体,其长、宽、高分别为1 600,240和40 mm,温度为286.86 K的空气流体从入口以1.491~3.195 m/s的速度流入,通道底部为337.048 K的恒温换热面。结果表明：纵向高度对于强化换热特性的贡献率最高,达到4744%,最强换热效果组合的换热因子较空矩形通道提高了185.71%;迎流攻角对于综合热性能的贡献率最高,达到了总占比的31.35%,利用正交试验分析得到的最强组合较空通道的综合热性能提高了47.82%     

Numerical investigation of innovative 3D cathode flow channel in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Two kinds of innovative 3‐dimensional (3D) proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathode flow channel designs were proposed to improve the water removal on the surface of gas diffusion layer and enhance mass transfer between flow channel and gas diffusion layer. A validated 2‐phase volume of fluid model was used to investigate different water removal behaviors in flow channel. The optimal length of water baffle and other parameters of the proposed designs were determined. A validated 3D PEMFC performance model was adopted to assess the new designs. The results suggest that these 2 designs can improve PEMFC performance as to 9% when operating at the high current density because of the significant enhancement of mass transfer induced by air baffles.     

液幕式双流程烟气脱硫塔内气液流动与脱硫传质性能的研究

对液幕式双流程脱硫塔的气液流动性能以及脱硫传质特性进行相关的实验研究.通过实验测试,提出烟气流量、浆液循环量、液气比值等主要参数对液幕式脱硫塔内的气液流动特性和脱硫效率性能的影响.实验发现,随着液气比增加,射流高度和气液两相流阻力系数相应增加;气相雷诺数增加时,射流高度相应增加而气液两相流阻力系数相应减小.浆液循环量和...     

凝汽器水侧流动的三维数值模拟

运用计算流体力学的方法,采用多孔介质模型对凝汽器水侧流场进行了数值模拟.从计算所得三维流场可清楚地掌握影响凝汽器工作的重要因素：该凝汽器进口水室漩涡的存在使流动阻力增加,流动恶化;高速流体集中于水室中心区域,会影响换热器的换热性能.其整体阻力特性与试验数据吻合较好,表明该模型和计算方法正确.解决了凝汽器水侧数值计算建模的困难和网格数量问题,为动力装置冷却水系统整体的数值模拟提供基础.图6参5     

Measurements of wall heat (mass) transfer for flow through blockages with round and square holes in a wide rectangular channel

Naphthalene sublimation experiments were conducted to study heat (mass) transfer enhancement by blockages with staggered round and square holes for turbulent air flows through a wide rectangular channel. The blockages and the channel had the same cross-section. The results showed that the blockages enhanced the average heat (mass) transfer on the channel walls by 4.7-6.3 times that for fully developed turbulent flow through a smooth channel. The blockages with round holes enhanced more heat (mass) transfer on the channel walls but caused larger pressure drops than the blockages with square holes, which had a 27% larger flow cross-sectional area.     

Secondary flow on the performance of PEMFC with blocks in the serpentine flow field

A three-dimensional, two-phase, steady-state numerical model of PEMFC with serpentine flow field was set up. The rectangular or triangular blocks were arranged in the cathode channel to improve cell performance. The results showed that the arranged blocks in the channel can effectively enhance the mass transfer of the reactant, thus improve cell performance. The triangular block has better cell performance in comparison with the rectangular block. The block arranged in the rear of the turn has the best cell performance. The reason for the better cell performance of the arranged block is the combination of the under-rib flow and the secondary flow generated by the block. The secondary flow generated by the block is the main reason for the region near the block. Meanwhile, the under-rib flow is the main reason for the region far away from the block.     

膜加湿器热质交换过程的理论分析

膜加湿器是保证质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)正常高效运行的重要组成部分.以燃料电池的板式膜加湿器为研究对象,根据热质交换原理对膜加湿器的传热传质过程进行了理论计算,分析了空气质量流量、膜内加湿侧进口温度和膜内加湿侧进口湿度对传热传质过程的影响.在传热方面:当空气质量流量不同时,随着膜内加湿侧进口温度的变化,膜内的热流量变化趋势不一致;当膜内加湿侧进口相对湿度为95%时,随着空气质量流量的变化,膜内热流量变化不大.在传质方面:当加湿侧进口相对湿度不变时,膜中水传输速率随着空气质量流量的增大而减小;当空气质量流量不变时,膜中水传输速率随着加湿侧进口相对湿度的增大而增大.